Abstract: Transmitters and communication systems are disclosed. In one example, a transmitter includes first to third serializers that generate first to third serial signals; a first output section configured to set a voltage of a first output terminal; a first output control circuit configured to control an operation of the first output section on the basis of the first serial signal and the second serial signal; a second output section configured to set a voltage of a second output terminal; a second output control circuit configured to control an operation of the second output section on the basis of the third serial signal and the first serial signal; a third output section configured to set a voltage of a third output terminal; and a third output control circuit configured to control an operation of the third output section on the basis of the second serial signal and the third serial signal.

Abstract: A clock data recovery unit includes: a phase corrector generating a first compensation clock signal and a second compensation clock signal based on an external clock signal; and a transition detector, wherein the transition detector comprises: a first integrator configured to integrate a first training pattern signal according to the first compensation clock signal to provide a first integration signal; and a second integrator configured to integrate the first training pattern signal according to the second compensation clock signal to provide a second integration signal, wherein, in response to the first integration signal being greater than a first reference voltage and the second integration signal being less than the first reference voltage, occurrence of a transition of the first training pattern signal is detected.

Abstract: Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide communication between networked nodes operating on a communication network medium. In an implementation, a node generates a broadcast frame that includes at least a preamble and a payload. The preamble of the broadcast frame may include auxiliary information. The auxiliary information may be associated with one or more symbols of the preamble. The auxiliary information may contain power boost information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an adaptation method for data level (dLev) or data swing detection in a high-speed link system for multi-level (e.g. PAM-4) signaling. Provided are a receiver and a receiving method in which when a swing range of data received as an input is changed according to a channel condition, reference levels of data/swing detection samplers are not adaptively controlled, but the reference levels are fixed and a variable gain amplifier (VGA) is adaptively controlled for response to the change. Through the present disclosure, offset calibration of the data/swing detection samplers is more accurately performed and lower bit error rate (BER) is thus achieved.

Abstract: A first transceiver station broadcasts information to machine type communication (MTC) devices in the coverage area of the transceiver station using layered modulation where MTC devices receiving the broadcast above a signal quality threshold can recover the MTC information by applying a high modulation order. MTC devices receiving the broadcast below the quality threshold, recover a portion of the MTC information by applying a lower modulation order and recover the remaining portion of the MTC information transmitted from a second transceiver.

Abstract: A transmitter of the present disclosure includes: an output terminal; a driver that performs transition of a voltage of the output terminal among a plurality of voltages; and a controller that controls the driver to cause transition start timing in one voltage transition in voltage transition among the plurality of voltages to be later than transition start timing in another voltage transition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to an adaptive multibit bus for energy optimization are described. In an embodiment, a 1-bit interconnect of a processor is caused to select between a plurality of operational modes. The plurality of operational modes comprises a first mode and a second mode. The first mode causes transmission of a single bit over the 1-bit interconnect at a first frequency and the second mode causes transmission of a plurality of bits over the 1-bit interconnect at a second frequency based at least in part on a determination that an operating voltage of the 1-bit interconnect is at a high voltage level and that the second frequency is lower than the first frequency. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Technology for simplified multimode signaling includes determining first and second self ?-terms, cross coupling ?-terms, and a delay skew term. For each communication link bundled in groups, the signals can be modulated as a superposition of the signals delayed and weighted based on the first and second self ?-terms, the cross coupling ?-terms and the delay skew term.

Abstract: A method of operating at least one node in a communication network that uses a shared communication medium has been developed. The method includes adjusting, with a controller in a first node, a resistance of a first potentiometer in the first node to a first resistance level that the controller in the first node determines randomly, the first potentiometer in the first node being connected to an output of a transceiver in the first node and to a shared communication medium, and transmitting, with the transceiver in the first node, a first data bit through the output that is connected to the shared communication medium with the first potentiometer producing the first resistance level.

Abstract: Described herein is an improved apparatus for increasing the performance of a ?? modulator, which may function as an ADC. In one embodiment, the ?? modulator comprises a voltage to current converter, a capacitor connected between two outputs of the voltage to current converter to receive a differential input current, and a switch that can switch between connecting each output of the voltage to current converter to ground while disconnecting the other output of the voltage to current converter. In this embodiment, the ?? modulator has no common mode control loop, and no reference current. This results in decreased complexity, i.e., fewer components, as well as reduced noise.

Abstract: A slave device may receive a clock signal from a master device via a bus. The slave device may detect a first pulse of the clock signal. The first pulse indicates that a bit is to be written to a slave shift register of the slave device. The slave device may identify a timeout threshold associated with the clock signal. The slave device may determine that the timeout threshold expired without a second pulse from the clock signal being detected. The slave device may reset, based on the timeout threshold expiring, the slave shift register to synchronize the slave shift register with a master shift register of the master device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decoder circuit for a pulse amplitude modulation signal and a method of decoding a pulse amplitude modulation signal. The pulse amplitude modulation signal has a zeroth signal level, a first signal level, a second signal level and a third signal level. The decoder circuit comprises a first decision circuit, and a mapping circuit. The first decision circuit receives the pulse amplitude modulation signal and generates a low output signal for the first and the zeroth signal level, and generates a high output signal for the third and the second signal level. The mapping circuit receives the pulse amplitude modulation signal and generates a low output signal for the second and first signal level, and generates a high output signal for the third and zeroth signal level. Optionally, the decoder circuit comprises a logic circuit.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system to transmit independent data by at least two transmitters to corresponding at least two receivers. The method includes obtaining, at a first transmitter, a first ternary sequence from a first base ternary sequence corresponding to a first set of data-symbols, and obtaining, at a second transmitter, a second ternary sequence from a second base ternary sequence corresponding to a second set of data-symbols. The method also includes transmitting, from the first transmitter, the first ternary sequence to a first set of receivers associated with the first transmitter. The method transmits, from the second transmitter, the second ternary sequence to a second set of receivers associated with the second transmitter.

Abstract: This application discloses a computing system to perform a fast evaluation of a worst case eye diagram for a channel capable of communicating signals encoding data in more than two value levels. The computing system can identify multiple step responses of the channel, each corresponding to a transition between a plurality of the value levels. The computing system can determine distribution boundaries of the signals at each of the value levels based, at least in part, on the step responses of the channel. The computing system can utilize the distribution boundaries at the value levels to determine boundaries of eye openings between adjacent value levels or to build worst case input patterns used to generate the worst case eye diagram for the channel. The computing system can predict a signal integrity of the channel based on the distribution boundaries at each of the value levels.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in multichannel digital front-ends (DFEs). A transmitter may be configured to reduce PAPR during multichannel transmission, with the reducing comprising: generating a plurality of frequency-domain symbols, each of which corresponding to a particular one of a plurality of subcarriers; assigning the subcarriers to a plurality of channels, wherein a number of channels is less than a number of subcarriers; and generating a plurality of time-domain signals corresponding to the channels. An adjustment to reduce PAPR may be applied to at least one of the time-domain signals, with the adjustment being based on symbols boundaries. The adjustment may comprise sign inversion. Adjusted and unadjusted waveforms may be generated for two or more of the time-domain signals; and selection may be made between generated adjusted waveforms based on particular criteria. The criteria may comprise lowest peak.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes an output driver having a data signal terminal, logic circuitry, and a driver circuit coupled to the logic circuitry and data signal terminal. The driver circuit is configured to drive a signal corresponding to a symbol onto the data signal terminal, wherein the symbol is an N-bit symbol, having one of 2N predefined values, N is an integer greater than 1, and the signal corresponding to the symbol has one of 2N signal levels. The driver circuit includes first, second and third driver sub-circuits, each driven by an input corresponding to one or more bits of the N-bit symbol, wherein the second and third driver sub-circuits are weighted, relative to the first driver sub-circuit, to reduce gds distortion in the signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for sampling an LCOM message and accurately reconstructing the entire LCOM message using a light receiver (e.g., digital camera) of a typical mobile computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile computing device. These including receiving segments of an LCOM signal from at least two repetitions of the LCOM signal. The location of each segment within the LCOM signal is identified and each segment is stored in a corresponding location in a buffer configured to have a length equal to the LCOM signal. The buffer is a ring buffer, in some embodiments.

Abstract: A return channel system for ultra-small aperture terminals has a spreader that receives an input signal and outputs a spread spectrum signal having multiple replicated signals with a lower power than the input signal. A de-spreader includes a de-multiplexer that receives the spread spectrum signal via satellite. The de-multiplexer separates the spread spectrum signal into a first channel having a first signal and a second channel having a second signal. The de-spreader also has an offset compensation circuit having a phase estimator configured to estimate a phase offset between a phase of the first signal and a phase of the second signal. And a phase adjustor that receives the second signal and adjusts the phase of the second signal to align with the phase of the first signal to provide a phase-adjusted second signal. A summer combines the first signal with the phase-adjusted second signal to provide a composite signal.

Abstract: A receiver includes: a frequency-characteristic-changing-circuit to change a frequency characteristic of an input signal in which N-level data value is pulse-amplitude-modulated, to generate a frequency-characteristic-changed-signal; a controller to control the frequency-characteristic-changing-circuit to obtain a desired ratio between a amplitude component of a target data value corresponding to the frequency-characteristic-changed-signal at a first timing and a second amplitude component thereof at a second timing which is later than the first timing; and a decision-feedback-equalization-circuit to which the frequency-characteristic-changed-signal is input, wherein the decision-feedback-equalization-circuit includes: a comparison-circuit to include comparators each to output a comparison result obtained from comparing the target data value and a threshold value, and N?1 selection circuits each to select one of comparison results output from the comparators at the second timing, based on the comparison resul

Abstract: A method for controlling the execution of an application with a mobile electronic device (202) in a building (100) having a number of rooms (101), the application usable on the mobile electronic device (202) or usable via the mobile electronic device (202) comprises the steps of: experimentally generating at least one rule; measuring with the mobile electronic device (202) a plurality of location-specific short-range signals, and forming a set ({S(ti)}) of signal vectors (S(ti)) representing short-range signals (s) received from known signal transmitters (201, 202) at each time instant; using said set (C) of sequence classifiers of said at-least-one rule on said set ({S(ti)}) of signal vectors (S(ti)) to determine which sequence classifiers in the set (C) of sequence classifiers match; and controlling the execution of the application according to the at-least-one rule. The patent application also contains independent claims for a computer and a computer program product.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) for a backplane serializer/deserializer (SerDes) system, comprising a first transmitter configured to send first data at a data rate to a second receiver in a second IC, a first receiver configured to receive second data at the data rate from a second transmitter in the second IC, wherein each of a first link and a second link is to the first transmitter, the first receiver, the second transmitter, and the second receiver, and wherein both the first link and the second link combined are configured to transfer the first data from the first transmitter to the second receiver and transfer the second data from the second transmitter to the first receiver at the data rate.

Abstract: A system comprising: at least one network modem configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one base station; and a subsystem configured to provide data packets to the at least one network modem to be transmitted wirelessly to the at least one base station, the subsystem comprising at least one video encoder configured to receive at least one input video signal and provide at least some of the data packets based on the at least one input video signal, wherein: the at least one network modem is further configured to provide network condition information to the subsystem; and the subsystem is further configured to adjust at least one operating parameter of the at least one video encoder based at least in part on the network condition information received from the at least one network modem.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for categorizing search terms. The system accesses search history for the search terms. The system also categorizes each of the search terms based on the number of times that the respective search term appears in the search history. If the number of times the search term appears in the search history exceeds a first threshold, a search result of the search term is determined and the search term is categorized as a type that is provided for registration to a user with recognized association with the search term or a type that is excluded from registration, where the categorizing based on a ratio of a number of times the search result was selected subsequent to receiving the search term to the number of times that the search term appears in the search history.

Abstract: A Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) transmitter transmits data modulated by non-overlapping Dynamic Modulation Coding (DMC) to a receiver. In order to enable the receiver to differentiate between the different modulations of the DMC, a novel non-overlapping DMC is used. The constellations of the non-overlapping DMC are selected such that the result of the modulo operation of the THP maintains the signal levels, belonging to the different constellations, separated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for nonlinear channel identification and estimation of the distorted signals in digital data transmission systems that include signals traversing a dispersive nonlinear channel that produces noisy distorted signals. The identification and estimation are accomplished with an amplitude-based signal expansion and are adapted for changing nonlinear distortion effects using a Least-Means Square direct solution that includes a precomputed matrix.

Abstract: A method for sending a signal to a signaled entity, the method determining at least a first code of a sequence of codes comprising the signal, wherein at least one code of the sequence of codes is derived from at least one bit string that is encoded by an encoder to produce a sequence of output bit groups, each output bit group being used to select a code from a set of predefined codes; receiving, at the signaling entity, an assignation of resources from the signaled entity for transmission of at least the first code of the sequence of codes; transmitting, utilizing at least the first code of the sequence of codes and the assignation, the signal, wherein at least the first code is shared among a plurality of signaling entities; and sending, utilizing subsequent codes of the sequence of codes, the signal.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for measuring signal transition times for a four-level pulse modulated amplitude (PAM4) transmitter. During a test procedure, a PAM4 transmitter is configured to repetitively transmit a PAM4 symbol test pattern, which is captured as a signal waveform. The test pattern includes at least one rising signal sequence having a PAM4 symbol pattern of at least three ?1 PAM4 symbols followed by at least three +1 PAM4 symbols and at least one falling signal sequence having a PAM4 symbol pattern of at least three +1 PAM4 symbols followed by at least three ?1 PAM4 symbols. A voltage modulation amplitude (VMA) level for each of a ?1 and +1 PAM4 signal level is measured for at least one rising signal sequence and falling signal sequence to derive 20% and 80% VMA levels.

Abstract: A method of encoding samples in a digital signal is provided that includes receiving a frame of N samples of the digital signal, determining L possible distinct data values in the N samples, determining a reference data value in the L possible distinct data values and a coding order of L?1 remaining possible distinct data values, wherein each of the L?1 remaining possible distinct data values is mapped to a position in the coding order, decomposing the N samples into L?1 coding vectors based on the coding order, wherein each coding vector identifies the locations of one of the L?1 remaining possible distinct data values in the N samples, and encoding the L?1 coding vectors.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for modulating, with circuitry of a source node in a communication network, at least one optical carrier to carry data utilizing a format of a soft decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) data field of an overhead portion of a data frame; encoding, with the circuitry of the source node, first data being SD-FEC data and second data being additional data into the SD-FEC data field, the first and second data being accessible without accessing client data traffic; and transmitting, with the circuitry of the source node, the data frame including the soft decision forward error correction data field. In one implementation, the second data comprises automatic protection switching bytes.

Abstract: Digital television (DTV) broadcasting using COFDM modulation is designed to modulate orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) mid-band carriers with metadata including synchronization signals and transmission-mode signals. DTV signals modulate OFDM carriers occupying portions of the frequency spectrum of the transmission channel that extend in frequency both below and above these mid-band carriers. The OFDM midband carriers are capable of signaling when a new broadcast service is used that differs from the one disclosed. The signaling is provided by modulating the midband carriers with respective elements of signature sequences, each of which signature sequences is composed of Zadoff-Chu sequences and repetitive pseudo-random sequences scrambled by a Zadoff-Chu sequence.

Abstract: A method of performing a soft demapping, includes obtaining a signal from a symbol representing bits that is transmitted from a transmitter, and calculating a gradient of a reference line in a constellation for a bit based on a rotation angle and a channel state of the constellation. The method further includes selecting a candidate for each of lines that corresponds to a logic value of the bit from constellation points included in the constellation based on the signal and the gradient of the reference line, and calculating a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the bit based on the signal and the selected candidate for each of the lines.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes: a pulse generation unit configured to alternately generate a positive pulse and a negative pulse indicating presence or absence of a pulse in accordance with a value of a data signal; a band-pass filter configured to filter the pulse generated by the pulse generator; and a transmission amplifier configured to amplify a signal filtered by the band-pass filter, and to output the signal as a transmission signal.

Abstract: System, methods and apparatus are described that improve signaling in a three-wire multiphase communication link. A method for data communications includes determining a transition in signaling state of three wires of a communication link between a pair of consecutive symbols transmitted on the communication link, and enhancing or attenuating energy of a signal prior to the transition in signaling state of the three wires when the transition in signaling state includes a change in signaling state of a wire on which the signal is transmitted. Each symbol may define a different signaling state of the three wires of the communication link. For each symbol transmitted, two of the three wires are differentially encoded and the third wire is in a neutral state. Different wires are differentially encoded during transmission of consecutive symbols.

Abstract: Transmission line driver systems are described which are comprised of multiple paralleled driver elements. The paralleled structure allows efficient generation of multiple output signal levels with adjustable output amplitude, optionally including Finite Impulse Response signal shaping and skew pre-compensation.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for implementing Physical Media Attachment (PMA) alignment and rapid transition from a link training mode to a data mode for next-generation high-speed Ethernet links including a 100 Gbps Ethernet link. Training frames are transmitted between first and second Ethernet interfaces on opposing ends of the link in a pair-wise manner, with a first training frame being sent from a first Ethernet interface and a second training frame being returned from the second Ethernet interface. The training frames have a length that is the same as the length of Physical Media Attachment (PMA) frames, and the returned training frames include receiver readiness status indicia identifying a readiness status of a local receiver port, and countdown data. The readiness status indicia, and countdown data are employed to facilitate a rapid transition from the link training mode to the data mode.

Abstract: An adaptive coding scheme for nonlinear channels improves reliability and an efficiency in digital communication networks. The method monitors channel statistics to analyze an extrinsic information transfer chart of the channels. The channel statistics are fed back to the transmitter to adapt forward error correction coding. A parametric analysis method uses a Gaussian mixture model. The statistical information feedback can adapt an ARQ sheme by adding a weighted received signal to the original coded signals to reduce nonlinear distortion. Trellis shaping can make the transmitting signal preferable for nonlinear channels.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) for a backplane serializer/deserializer (SerDes) system, comprising a first transmitter configured to send first data at a data rate to a second receiver in a second IC, a first receiver configured to receive second data at the data rate from a second transmitter in the second IC, wherein each of a first link and a second link is to the first transmitter, the first receiver, the second transmitter, and the second receiver, and wherein both the first link and the second link combined are configured to transfer the first data from the first transmitter to the second receiver and transfer the second data from the second transmitter to the first receiver at the data rate.

Abstract: Differential decoding processing applied to multilevel modulation is accomplished with the circuit scale kept small by including; an MSB coordinate rotating part for performing coordinate rotation based on information of the first two most significant bits of a signal received via a synchronous detection part; an MSB symbol likelihood generating part for generating likelihood with respect to the first two most significant bits after differential decoding, with the use of two sets of bit strings at different points in time for which coordinate rotation has been performed; an LSB symbol likelihood generating part for generating likelihood with respect to less significant bits; and a soft decision error correction decoding part for generating a decoded signal with the use of the likelihood of the first two most significant bits and the likelihood of the less significant bits.

Abstract: A transmitting device includes a parallel data generation unit and a transmitting unit. The parallel data generation unit generates first serial data and second serial data from a data packet, converts the first serial data and second serial data respectively into first parallel data and second parallel data, transmits the first parallel data and second parallel data respectively through first and second parallel transmission paths, and performs the transmission of the first parallel data and the transmission of the second parallel data in parallel. The transmitting unit receives the first parallel data and second parallel data respectively through the first and second parallel transmission paths, re-converts the first parallel data and second parallel data respectively into the first serial data and second serial data, and transmits the first serial data and second serial data to a receiving device respectively through first and second serial transmission paths.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for asymmetric multimode interconnect (MMI) are disclosed. According to one aspect, a system for receiver-side asymmetric MMI includes a receiver that receives binary-encoded input signals from a multichannel interconnect, encodes the received binary-encoded signals according to a multimode encoding equation to produce multimode-encoded signals having voltage levels according to the multimode encoding equation, adjusts the timing of the multimode-encoded signals to compensate for multichannel interconnect channel delays to produce delay-adjusted multimode-encoded signals, and decodes the delay-adjusted multimode-encoded signals according to a multimode decoding equation to produce binary-encoded output signals.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying minor echoes present in an input signal in the situation where a set of major echoes has already been identified from the input signal. The method includes: computing a spectrum F corresponding to a sum of the major echoes; computing a weighted power spectrum SM of the spectrum F; subtracting the weighted power spectrum SM from a weighted power spectrum PIN of the input signal to obtain a difference spectrum; performing a stabilized division of the difference spectrum by a conjugate of the spectrum F to obtain an intermediate spectrum; computing an inverse transform of the intermediate spectrum to obtain a time-domain signal; and estimating parameters one or more of the minor echoes from the time-domain signal. The echo parameters are usable to remove at least a portion of the one or more estimated minor echoes from the input signal.

Abstract: A method includes receiving input blocks each having multiple bits to be transmitted. The method also includes applying a first encoding scheme to a first subset of the bits in the input blocks to generate first encoded bits and applying a second encoding scheme to a second subset of the bits in the input blocks to generate second encoded bits. The second encoding scheme has lower overhead than the first encoding scheme. The method further includes generating symbols using the first and second encoded bits. The first encoded bits include two or more first bits per symbol of each output block, and the second encoded bits include one or more second bits per symbol of each output block.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a point-to-point two-lineserial interface (TSI) suitable for use in a wireless communications device as well as in other applications. The TSI may employ a protocol providing multiple frame formats to achieve delivery of one type of message with a reduced latency and other messages at increased latencies. Further, although the master initiates reads, the slave circuit may signal the master in real time over the TSI.

Abstract: An optical communication system, a transmitter, a receiver, and methods of operating the same are provided. In particular, a transmitter is disclosed as being configured to encode optical signals in accordance with a multi-level coding scheme. The receiver is configured to provide receive and decode to the optical signals received from the transmitter. One or both of the receiver and transmitter are configured to compensate for non-idealities or non-linearities introduced into the communication system by optical components of the system.

Abstract: A multilevel amplitude modulation device for generating, from digital data, a multilevel amplitude modulation signal having four or more signal levels and outputting the generated signal, including: an average level calculator that selects one of a plurality of preliminarily prepared different candidates for a code word building method such that average level of a symbol array, obtained by adding a symbol for a code word of digital data to be transmitted to one or more already outputted symbols included in a multilevel amplitude modulation signal already outputted, is most approximate to voltage center of the four or more signal levels, and outputs a selection signal indicating the selected method; a signal converter that forms a codeword of the digital data in accordance with the method indicated by the selection signal; and a multilevel modulator that generates a multilevel amplitude modulation signal using the codeword and outputs the generated signal.

Abstract: Receivers designed to reduce decision based filter error propagation by feedback from PCS to slicer. One embodiment includes a slicer, a physical coding sublayer (PCS), and a decision based filter (DBF). The frames include symbols of at least two different modulation orders. The slicer has slicing functions suitable for the different modulations and feeds the PCS with the slicing results. The PCS identifies frame boundaries and modulation information, which are modulated according to a predetermined modulation order, uses the identified modulation information to determine the modulation of a nonempty set of dynamically modulated symbols in each frame, and provides the slicer with an indication of which slicer function output to use to feed the DBF.

Abstract: Receivers configured to handle dynamically modulated symbols. One receiver includes a slicer, a physical coding sublayer (PCS), and a decision based filter (DBF). Each of most of the received frames comprising (i) modulation information modulated according to a predetermined modulation order, and (ii) symbols of at least two different modulation orders that are dynamically modulated in accordance with the modulation information. The slicer configured to feed the PCS with essentially the minimal combination of slicing results that essentially covers all the predetermined modulation order. And the PCS configured to identify the modulation information, to use the identified modulation information to determine the modulation of the dynamically modulated symbols, and to provide the slicer with an indication of which slicer function output to use to feed the DBF.

Abstract: A short reach communication system includes a plurality of communication SERDES that communicate data over a short reach channel medium such as a backplane connection (e.g., PCB trace) between, for example, chips located on a common PCB. A multi-level modulated data signal is generated to transmit/receive data over the short reach channel medium. Multi-level modulated data signals, such as four-level PAM, reduce the data signal rate therefore reducing insertion loss, power, complexity of the circuits and required chip real estate.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a driving signal for driving a dual mode supply modulator for a power amplifier. The method includes obtaining an envelope of a complex baseband signal to be transmitted, comparing the envelope of the complex signal with a preset threshold value, when a current envelope of the complex signal is the preset threshold value or greater or when there is a result having the preset threshold value or greater in previous N comparisons, outputting a digital board output signal configured with a first logic level through a digital-to-analog converter; and when the current envelope of the complex signal is smaller than the preset threshold value and when there is no result having the preset threshold value or greater in the previous N comparisons, outputting a digital board output signal configured with a second logic level through the digital-to-analog converter.