Abstract: A method of propagating data packets in a network of nodes is disclosed. The method, implemented at one of the nodes, includes: collecting a set of first data packets during a first time period, the set including at least one data packet received from one or more first nodes in the network; obtaining a plurality of encoded data packets, each one of the plurality of encoded data packets being generated by combining two or more first data packets of the set using network coding; determining a mapping of the plurality of encoded data packets and the first data packets of the set to one or more neighbouring nodes connected to the node; and transmitting the plurality of encoded data packets and the first data packets of the set to the one or more neighbouring nodes according to the determined mapping.

Abstract: Disclosed are procedures for measuring the modulation quality of each message resource element in a failed 5G or 6G communication modulated according to pulse-amplitude modulation, thereby revealing the most likely fault locations in the message. A second copy of the message can be merged by selecting the highest quality message elements from each version, where the quality is related to how far each message element's modulation deviates from the calibrated “states” of the modulation scheme. The receiver may also determine directional information based on the modulation of each message element, and may compare versions to determine the most likely correct state of each message element. Such strategies may directly recover the original message, or may greatly reduce the number of variations that need to be tested.

Abstract: When predicting required component service in an imaging device such as a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging device (12), component parameters such as coil voltage, phase lock lost (PLL) events, etc. are sampled to monitor system components. Voltage samples are filtered according to their temporal proximity to coil plug-in and unplug events to generate a filtered data set that is analyzed by a processor (46) to determine whether to transmit a fault report. A service recommendation is received based on the transmitted report and includes a root cause diagnosis and service recommendation that is output to a user interface (50).

Abstract: A user equipment includes a processor configured to: receive a first, second, and third reference signals including a first, second, and third sets of tones, and spanning first, second, and third frequency ranges in first and second sets of symbols and at least one third symbol, respectively, the first and second frequency ranges differing; where at least one of (1) the third frequency range overlaps the first frequency range, or (2) the at least one third symbol overlaps with the first set of symbols and the third frequency range overlaps the second frequency range; determine an offset between the first reference signal and the supplemental signal using the third set of tones; and determine a first indication, of a time and/or a range, based on a combination of the first reference signal and the second reference signal using the offset.

Abstract: Processing a received optical signal in an optical communication network includes equalizing a received optical signal to provide an equalized signal, demodulating the equalized signal according to an m-ary modulation format to provide a demodulated signal, decoding the demodulated signal according to an inner code to provide an inner-decoded signal, and decoding the inner-decoded signal according to an outer code. Other aspects include other features such as equalizing an optical channel including storing channel characteristics for the optical channel associated with a client, loading the stored channel characteristics during a waiting period between bursts on the channel, and equalizing a received burst from the client using the loaded channel characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication base station apparatus whereby it is possible to prevent degradation of throughput of LTE terminals, even when LTE terminals and LTE+ terminals are present together. In this apparatus, a setting section (105) sets in each subframe a resource block in which is arranged a reference signal that is employed solely by LTE+ terminals, based on the pattern of arrangement of reference signals employed solely by LTE+ terminals. In the case of symbols that are mapped to antennas (110-1) to (110-4), an arrangement section (106) arranges the characteristic cell reference signals employed by both LTE terminals and LTE+ terminals in all of the resource blocks in a single frame.

Abstract: A communication device and method include a reconfigurable receiver that is reconfigurable between communication, ranging and radar modes. The reconfigurable receiver includes a mixer configured to mix digital samples with a carrier phase estimate signal and configured to generate in-phase digital samples based on the carrier phase estimate. The reconfigurable receiver further includes a symbol correlator configured to correlate against the in-phase digital samples and generate correlated data, and a symbol binning unit configured to bin the correlated data and generate a first order channel impulse response estimate. The reconfigurable receiver yet further includes a multiplexer configured to switch the digital samples to the symbol binning unit when the reconfigurable receiver is configured in radar mode and to switch the correlated data to the symbol binning unit when the reconfigurable receiver is configured in a ranging mode.

Abstract: A method or testing a system. Input parameters of the system are divided into a first group and a second group. Using a first method, a first selection is made from among the input parameter assignments of the first group. Using a second method, a second selection is made from among the input parameter assignments of the second group. A characteristic value is calculated from the second selection. The first selection is adapted depending on the characteristic value.

Abstract: Improved ultrasound imaging devices and methods of operating the devices that minimize grating lobe artifacts in an ultrasound image are provided. For example, an ultrasound imaging system analyzes the ultrasound data at different frequency bands and generates a grating-lobe-minimized image based on minimum signals identified for each pixel among the plurality of frequency ranges. In one embodiment, an ultrasound imaging system includes an ultrasound transducer array configured to obtain ultrasound data, and a processor in communication with the ultrasound transducer array. The processor is configured to receive the ultrasound data, generate an ultrasound image based on a first frequency range of the ultrasound data, generate a grating-lobe-minimized ultrasound image based on a plurality of second frequency ranges of the ultrasound data, combine the ultrasound image and the grating-lobe-minimized ultrasound image to generate a combined ultrasound image, and output the combined ultrasound image to a display.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for dynamic interference management in NR dynamic TDD systems. A first WTRU (e.g., an aggressor WTRU) may receive downlink control information (DCI). The first WTRU may determine a first priority associated with the first WTRU. The first WTRU may determine the first priority based on one or more of the DCI or a logical channel prioritization. The first WTRU may receive an interference measurement reference signal (IMRS) transmission from a second WTRU (e.g., a victim WTRU). The first WTRU may measure the received IMRS transmission. The first WTRU may determine a second priority associated with a downlink payload of the second WTRU. The first WTRU may determine that the second priority is greater than the first priority. The first WTRU may adjust an uplink transmission power of the first WTRU, for example, based on the first priority and the second priority.

Abstract: A receiver with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal is provided. Said receiver comprises an accumulator for accumulating samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time. In this context, the respective accumulation length is a window being based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. Furthermore, the receiver may additionally comprise an output for outputting several windows and a maximum detector. In this context, the maximum detector is configured to determine a maximum power value of the several windows.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for time interleaving corresponding to hybrid time interleaving mode are disclosed. An apparatus for time interleaving according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a twisted block interleaver configured to perform intra-subframe interleaving corresponding to time interleaving blocks; and a convolutional delay line configured to perform inter-subframe interleaving using an output of the twisted block interleaver.

Abstract: A method for acoustic source separation comprises inputting acoustic data from a plurality of acoustic sensors, combined from a plurality of acoustic sources, converting the acoustic data to time-frequency domain data comprising time-frequency data frames, and constructing a multichannel filter for the time-frequency data frames to separate signals from the acoustic sources. The constructing comprises determining a set of de-mixing matrices (Wf) to apply to each time-frequency data frame to determine a vector of separated outputs (yft) by modifying each of the de-mixing matrices by a respective gradient value (G;G?) for a frequency dependent upon a gradient of a cost function measuring a separation of the sources by the respective de-mixing matrix. The respective gradient values for each frequency are each calculated from a stochastic selection of the time-frequency data frames.

Abstract: A broadcast signal receiver includes a tuner for tuning a broadcast signal, a reference signal detector for detecting pilots from the tuned broadcast signal, a de-framer for de-framing a signal frame of the broadcast signal and deriving service data based on a number of carriers of the signal frame, and a decoder for performing error correction process on the derived service data.

Abstract: An abnormality detecting apparatus that is configured to detect a presence or absence of an abnormality in a rotating machine includes a processor that is configured to execute a measured value acquisition process of acquiring, on the basis of a detection signal output from a vibration sensor that is configured to measure vibration caused by rotation of the rotating machine, a measured value including an amplitude and a phase of the vibration; a Mahalanobis distance calculation process of calculating a Mahalanobis distance of the measured value acquired at a time point at which the rotating machine is evaluated on the basis of a unit space configured with a plurality of measured values acquired at a plurality of past time points; and a determination process of determining that an abnormality has occurred in the rotating machine in a case where the calculated Mahalanobis distance exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A method and a system for selecting important delay taps of channel impulse response are provided, which belong to the field of adaptive transmission technology of wireless communication. The method performs local predictability estimation on all delay taps in the channel impulse response in wireless communication, thereby selecting the important delay taps in the channel impulse response. The disclosure uses recurrence rates of the delay taps to estimate local predictability of the delay taps. Noise delay taps are distinguished from the important delay taps through the local predictability of the delay taps, which improves the identification rate of the important delay taps of the channel impulse response in wireless communication. The disclosure may implement the selection of the important delay taps of the channel impulse response, which provides guarantee for implementing adaptive transmission and adaptive coding of wireless communication.

Abstract: A BP detector of a wireless receiver apparatus reads a first parameter set or a second parameter set. The first parameter set includes a plurality of scaling factors and a plurality of damping factors learned together using a deep learning technique. The second parameter set includes a plurality of scaling factors and a plurality of node selection factors learned together using a deep learning technique from a memory. The BP detector executes an iterative BP algorithm that uses the first parameter set or the second parameter set in order to perform multi-user detection.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling antenna signals are provided. In some embodiments, a method is performed by a first unit for handling antenna signals for transmission over a transmission connection with a second unit of the base station system. The base station system includes a base unit and a remote unit. The remote unit is arranged to transmit the antenna signals wirelessly to, and receive from, one or more wireless communication devices. The antenna signals each include a plurality of In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) samples. The first unit is the base unit and the second unit is the remote unit, or the first unit is the remote unit and the second unit is the base unit. In this way, quantization errors may typically add incoherently, i.e., adding quantization error power. Also, this may allow cancellation of quantization errors in certain directions depending on transformation type and transformation values.

Abstract: A method for cooperative use of a wireless communication interface and a wireless charging interface, wherein the wireless charging interface supports a first searching mode and a second searching mode. The method includes: searching, by a wireless docking station, for a wireless communication device that supports the wireless communication interface; if any wireless communication device that supports the wireless communication interface has been found, searching, by the wireless docking station, for a wireless charging device according to the first searching mode; and if no wireless communication device that supports the wireless communication interface has been found, searching, by the wireless docking station, for a wireless charging device according to the second searching mode.

Abstract: An uplink signal transmission method includes receiving, by an active antenna unit of a base station, a first uplink signal sent by a terminal in a first band. The method also includes sending, by the base station, the first uplink signal to a first baseband processing unit of the base station corresponding to a second band for demodulation. The active antenna unit of the base station includes a first array antenna corresponding to the first band and a second array antenna corresponding to the second band. The first band is lower than the second band.

Abstract: Example operations may include obtaining a first received signal of a first wireless transmission by a transmitting device of a wireless signal received at a receiving device. The operations may also include obtaining a second received signal of a second wireless transmission by the transmitting device that is a retransmission of the wireless signal also received at the receiving device. The operations may further include determining, based on the first received signal and the second received signal, an equalization of distortion of propagation of the wireless signal between the transmitting device and the receiving device. In addition, the operations may include generating an equalized signal based on the determined signal equalization, wherein the equalized signal is an estimate of the wireless signal as transmitted by the transmitting device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods for transmitting and receiving a control channel, a base station, and a user equipment, which relate to the communication field, and can solve a transmission problem of available changing transmission resources caused by introduction of an E-PDCCH. A method for configuring a control channel resource includes: determining, by a base station according to a system configuration and/or user configuration, resource elements REs included in an extended control channel element E-CCE, and transmitting an extended physical downlink control channel E-PDCCH to a user equipment, where the E-PDCCH is carried by the E-CCE; and receiving, by the user equipment, the E-PDCCH, and obtaining the REs included in the E-CCE, and receiving, over the REs included in the E-CCE, the E-PDCCH transmitted by the base station. The embodiments of the present invention are used for configuring and detecting a control channel resource.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an in-vehicle communication device and a time synchronization method thereof. The in-vehicle communication device includes a clock generator for generating a clock signal, a local counter for counting the number of pulses of the clock signal, a transceiver for receiving a message via an in-vehicle communication network, and a processor that determines whether the message received via the transceiver is a synchronization message, extracts synchronization time information from the synchronization message, and adjusts a count value of the local counter based on the synchronization time information to perform time synchronization.

Abstract: An in-phase and quadrature mismatch compensator for a quadrature transmitter includes a delay element, a complex-valued filter and an adder. The delay element receives an input transmit signal and outputs a delayed transmit signal. The complex-valued filter receives the input transmit signal and outputs a selected part of a filtered output transmit signal. The adder adds the delayed transmit signal and the selected part of the filtered output transmit signal and outputs a pre-compensated transmit signal. In one embodiment, the selected part of the filtered output transmit signal includes the real part of the complex-valued output transmit signal. In another embodiment, the selected part of the filtered output transmit signal includes the imaginary part of the complex-valued output transmit signal. Two transmit real-valued compensators are also disclosed that combine the in-phase and quadrature signals before being filtered.

Abstract: A reception apparatus includes receiver and processing circuitry. The receiver circuitry receives a broadcast stream that includes a television service selected by a user. The processing circuitry receives a user selection of the television service included in the broadcast stream and determines whether the selected television service is a digital rights management (DRM) protected service. When the selected television service is determined to be the DRM protected service, the processing circuitry outputs a quick response (QR) code for display, monitors the received broadcast stream for a DRM license that is associated with the unique identifier of the reception apparatus, acquires the DRM license that is associated with the unique identifier of the reception apparatus from the received broadcast stream, and decrypts at least one media component of the selected television service using the acquired DRM license.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may generate multiple orthogonal demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequences associated with multiple orthogonal DMRS ports based at least in part on a pi/2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) based DMRS base sequence and based at least in part on utilizing at least one of a frequency-domain comb structure or a time-domain orthogonal cover code (OCC), wherein the multiple orthogonal DMRS ports are associated with different UEs; determine a DMRS port, of the multiple orthogonal DMRS ports, to be used in association with a transmission of pi/2 BPSK modulated data; and transmit the pi/2 BPSK modulated data and a DMRS sequence, of the multiple orthogonal DMRS sequences, associated with the DMRS port. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for estimating synchronization of a broadcast signal in a time domain using a synchronization estimation signal through steps of: performing a correlation operation using a correlation window on a plurality of synchronization estimation signals separated to a plurality of paths and outputting a plurality of correlated signals; delaying the plurality of correlated signals to output a plurality of delayed signals; and estimating the synchronization using the plurality of delayed signals are provided.

Abstract: A control device for a wireless communication system is configured to obtain a first channel estimation for a first client device and a second channel estimation for a second client device, to allocate a common resource block (RB) for concurrent wireless transmission between a first network node and the first client device using a first radio access technology (RAT) and between a second network node and the second client device using a second RAT based on the first channel estimation and the second channel estimation. The control device is further configured to allocate a first precoder for the common RB for the first client device and a second precoder for the common RB for the second client device. The first precoder and the second precoder are configured for spatially multiplexing the concurrent wireless transmission.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for testing the electromagnetic compatibility of a radar detector with at least one onboard pulse signal transmitter, wherein said radar detector and each onboard transmitter are part of the same platform, by means of eliminating the onboard component in the signals received by said radar detector, where the onboard component corresponds to the mix of the direct component and the reflected component onboard, said method comprising a training phase allowing the detected pulses to be divided into classes, grouping together the pulses for which at least two characteristics have a common range of values, and a phase of eliminating the pulses that belong to the selected classes.

Abstract: A power control method and apparatus that relates to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: determining, according to a power offset parameter configured by a network side, a first power offset value used by a control channel corresponding to a first subframe, and determining a second power offset value used by a control channel corresponding to a second subframe; feeding back the control channel corresponding to the first subframe to the network side by using the first power offset value; and feeding back the control channel corresponding to the second subframe to the network side by using the second power offset value. The power control method and apparatus are applicable to a multiflow transmission scenario in which a UE feeds back control information to a network side.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding data read from non-volatile storage devices. A method may comprise receiving a chunk of data read from a physical location of a non-volatile storage device and searching a memory for soft information associated with the physical location using a unique identifier associated with the physical location. The soft information may be generated from one or more previous decoding processes on previous data from the physical location. The method may further comprise retrieving the soft information identified by the unique identifier associated with the physical location from the memory, decoding the chunk of data with the soft information indicating reliability of bits in the chunk of data and updating the soft information with decoding information generated during the decoding.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system for hybrid communication between electronic circuits is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of sensor nodes configured to read data from one or more sensors. The system also includes a master node configured to receive periodic data transmissions from each of the plurality of sensor nodes via a primary transmission medium and a secondary transmission medium, which is different from the primary transmission medium.

Abstract: In a transmission method according to one aspect of the present disclosure, a encoder performs error correction coding on an information bit string to generate a code word. A mapper modulates a first bit string in which the number of bits is the predetermined integral multiple of (X+Y) in the code word using a first scheme, the first scheme being a set of a modulation scheme in which an X-bit bit string is mapped to generate a first complex signal and a modulation scheme in which a Y-bit bit string is mapped to generate a second complex signal, and modulates a second bit string in which the first bit string is removed from the code word using a second scheme different from the first scheme.

Abstract: This application provides a transmission method and a transmission apparatus, so that a receive end can correctly demodulate data. A transmission method may include performing a phase compensation operation of a corresponding frequency value on each of m first signals in k signals, to obtain m second signals, where each of the m first signals is located at a non-center frequency of a current carrier, each first signal is a synchronization signal or data, m and k each are a positive integer, and m?k. The method may also include performing sending processing on the m second signals.

Abstract: A new configuration suitable for a downlink single carrier is provided in a downlink control signal of a radio communication system of the future. A user terminal includes: a reception section that receives a downlink signal including a downlink control signal and a downlink data signal; and a demodulation and decoding section that uses the downlink control signal to demodulate and decode the downlink data signal, in which the downlink control signal is mapped to signal transmission points of a single carrier in units of control channel elements.

Abstract: A method of controlling a communication device including a communication interface that communicates with a wireless terminal includes successively selecting one transmission scheme included in a plurality of transmission schemes according to schedule information and using the selected one transmission scheme for a trial of communications with the wireless terminal via a communication interface in a first period; determining which transmission scheme of the plurality of transmission schemes has succeeded in communicating with the wireless terminal in the first period; and adjusting the schedule information so that a trial of communications using a transmission scheme determined as having succeeded in communicating with the wireless terminal is started earlier in a second period subsequent to the first period than in the first period.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described by which to embed enhanced audio transports in backward compatible bitstreams. A device comprising a memory and one or more processors may be configured to perform the techniques. The memory may store the backward compatible bitstream, which conforms to a legacy transport format. The processor(s) may obtain, from the backward compatible bitstream, legacy audio data that conforms to a legacy audio format, and obtain, from the backward compatible bitstream, extended audio data that enhances the legacy audio data. The processor(s) may also obtain, based on the legacy audio data and the extended audio data, enhanced audio data that conforms to an enhanced audio format, and output the enhanced audio data to one or more speakers.

Abstract: A method is performed by a wireless communications device of transmitting measurement reports to an infrastructure equipment. The method comprises receiving signals transmitted by the infrastructure equipment, measuring a characteristic associated with the received signals, and selecting an index value from one of a plurality of index values. Each of the index values represents a range of values of the characteristic for which communications parameters of a transmitter in the infrastructure equipment and a receiver in the communication device should have to achieve an acceptable communications performance for values of the characteristic within the range of values of the characteristic. The method further comprises, subject to the selected index value, transmitting the selected index value to the infrastructure equipment.

Abstract: A wireless device may receive at least one radio resource control (RRC) message comprising a field indicating a starting symbol for an enhanced physical downlink control channel (ePDCCH). The wireless device may receive an ePDCCH signal. The ePDCCH may start from the starting symbol plus an offset value.

Abstract: A method of detecting a symbol transmitted over a communication channel in a multiple input-multiple output communication system. The method includes receiving a plurality of symbols transmitted over a communication channel of a multiple input-multiple output communication system. A sphere radius is initialized based on attributes of the communication channel. A first matrix of possible transmitted signals is defined as well as a second matrix of received symbols. The matrix of possible transmitted signals is searched using a breadth-first search (BFS). Each level of the search tree is analyzed utilizing matrix multiplication to determine selected symbols satisfying the initialized sphere radius. A maximum likelihood solution is of the transmitted symbols is derived based on the selected symbols.

Abstract: A method for execution by a computing device of a storage network begins by obtaining a credential to be added to a local authentication list, where the credential authenticates, during a first time period, at least one of an access request and a requesting device, and where the local authentication list is stored in temporary memory of the computing device and is stored as a plurality of sets of encoded authentication slices in a set of storage units. The method continues by updating the local authentication list stored in the temporary memory to include a representation of the credential. The method continues by encoding the representation to produce a set of encoded authentication slices, where a decode threshold number of encoded authentication slices is needed to recover the representation. The method continues by sending the set of encoded authentication slices to the set of storage units for storage therein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as long-term evolution (LTE). An operating method of a reception device in a wireless communication system includes: receiving a signal transmitted through a plurality of antennas of a transmission device; determining an initial symbol vector based on the signal; determining a first candidate symbol vector based on a plurality of solution vectors which are obtained by a search on the initial symbol vector; determining a second candidate symbol vector by flipping at least one symbol value of the first candidate symbol vector; and determining a symbol vector transmitted from the transmission device based on at least a portion of the second candidate symbol vector.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. A wireless node may determine a pattern for transmitting multiple synchronization communications in one or more synchronization communication sets. The wireless node may determine a set of resources, in the one or more synchronization communication sets, to be used to transmit the multiple synchronization communications based at least in part on the pattern. The wireless node may transmit the multiple synchronization communications using the set of resources. A first synchronization communication, of the multiple synchronization communications, may be frequency division multiplexed with a second synchronization communication. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. In some cases, due to blind decoding and channel estimation (CE) limits, one or more user equipment (UE) specific search sets may be pruned for blind decoding and/or CE purposes. For instance, after hashing a set of common decoding candidates to control channel elements (CCEs) within the control region, the UE specific search sets may be pruned so as to conform to the blind decode limitation, since a common search space has already occupied a portion of the total blind decode limit. Following pruning, the UE may hash the sets of UE-specific decoding candidates associated with the one or more UE specific search sets to CCEs within the control region. The UE may further prune UE specific search sets, based on CE limits, while reusing CE for overlapping hashed locations.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method of operating a scheduled entity for wireless communication with a network. In some aspects, the scheduled entity transmits a message that requests a scheduling entity to transmit at least one reference signal. The scheduled entity obtains channel state information based on the at least one reference signal. The scheduled entity transmits a report that includes the channel state information. In other aspects, the scheduled entity transmits a message that requests a scheduling entity to schedule a reference signal transmission for the scheduled entity. The scheduled entity obtains an assignment of resources for transmission of the reference signal in response to the message. The scheduled entity transmits the reference signal based on the assignment of resources. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: An Ethernet lighting control system comprises an ARTNET console and several rows of stage lights, wherein each row of stage lights comprises several stage lights successively connected in series, each stage light being internally provided with a network switching unit. The ARTNET console is connected to a network switching unit of a first stage light in each row of stage lights, by means of a network cable respectively; adjacent stage lights in each row of stage lights are connected in sequence by means of a network cable; a network control signal sent by the ARTNET console is delivered to the network switching unit of the first stage light; and the network switching unit of the preceding stage light receives and delivers the network control signal to an internal circuit of the stage light for processing, and then switches to the network switching unit of the subsequent stage light.

Abstract: An electronic control system is disclosed for controlling individually controllable elements of an external component. In one embodiment the system may include a state translator subsystem for receiving a state command from an external subsystem. The state translator subsystem may have at least one module for processing the state command and generating operational commands for controlling the elements to achieve a desired state or condition. A programmable calibration command translation layer (PCCTL) subsystem may be included which receives and uses the operational commands to generate granular level commands for controlling the elements. A feedback control layer subsystem may be included which applies the granular level commands to the elements, and further modifies the granular level commands as needed to control the elements in closed loop fashion.

Abstract: Trans-filter/Detectors are extremely sensitive circuits that recover exponentially modulated signals buried in noise. They can be used wherever Matched Filter/Coherent Detectors are used and operate at negative input signal-to-noise ratios to recover RADAR, SONAR, communications or data signals. Input signal and noise is split into two paths where complementary derivatives are extracted. Outputs of the two paths are equal in amplitude and 180 degrees relative to each other at the band center frequency. The outputs are summed, causing stationary in-band noise to be reduced by cancellation while exponentially modulated signals are increased by addition. Trans-filters are Linear Time Invariant circuits, have no noise×noise threshold and can be cascaded, increasing in-band signal-to-noise ratio prior to detection. Trans-filters are most sensitive to all types of digital modulation, producing easily detected polarized pulses synchronous with data transitions.

Abstract: A method for processing a radio signal includes producing first and second streams of audio samples; decimating the first and second streams of audio samples to produce first and second streams of decimated streams of audio samples; estimating a first offset value between corresponding samples in the first and second streams of decimated streams of audio samples; shifting one of the first and second streams of audio samples by a first shift value; decimating the first and second streams of audio samples to produce third and fourth streams of decimated audio samples; estimating a second offset value; determining a final offset value based on an intersection of ranges of valid results of the first and second offset values; and shifting one of the first and second streams of audio samples by the final offset value to align the first and second streams of audio samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving data using multiple codewords in a communication system using SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). A transmitter generates the multiple codewords for user data and transmits the generated multiple codewords. A receiver receives the multiple codewords and sequentially performs decoding and SIC (successive interference cancellation) on the received multiple codewords. Therefore, this structure can minimize a PAPR (peak to average power ratio) and considerably reduces interference between symbols in a frequency selective fading environment.