Abstract: Borehole logging methods and apparatuses for estimating formation properties using nuclear radiation, particularly an apparatus and method for estimating amounts of silicon and/or oxygen in the formation. Methods include estimating a formation property using an oxygen estimate and at least a formation lithology. The method may include using nuclear radiation information from at least one nuclear radiation detector generate the oxygen estimate. The apparatus may include at least one nuclear radiation detector. The apparatuses may include an information processing device to perform the methods.

Abstract: A remote sensing device for detecting materials of varying atomic numbers and systems and methods relating thereto. A system for identifying a material includes a photon beam flux monitor for resolving a high-energy beam. A method for identifying a material includes casting an incident photon beam on the material and detecting an emerging photon beam with an array of fission-fragment detectors, a first set of scintillator paddles, and a second set of scintillator paddles.

Abstract: A system and method for rapidly analyzing elemental abundances in rock or soil samples (14) under field conditions. The system uses a portable neutron source (12) to allow neutron activation analysis of elements having identifiable radioactive decay characteristics. A radiation detector (18) detects radiation released by the sample (14) and provides radiation testing results to an amplifier (26) for computing the concentration of trace elements in the sample with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: System for the detection of substances and in particular explosives, by neutron irradiation thereof.It comprises means (4) for the irradiating, by neutrons, of an object (6) which may contain a substance, means (14) for detecting the gamma radiation which can be emitted by the object and means (18) for processing the signals supplied by the detection means. These processing means count the gamma photons of each line of a plurality of characteristic lines of at least one chemical element of the substance, determining for each line a probability of false detection of the chemical element associated with said line, determine the product of these probabilities, compare said product with a threshold fixed by users and notify the latter if the product is below the threshold, the object then being assumed to contain the substance.

Abstract: A nuclear spectroscopy method and apparatus for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information related to water flow, comprising the steps of:(1) irradiating the water flow with a source of neutrons of sufficient energy to interact with oxygen atoms in the water according to the activation reaction O.sup.16 (n,p)N.sup.16 ;(2) detecting and counting, with at least at a detector, the gamma rays emitted during disintegration of N.sup.16 ;(3) making a plot of the counts versus time; and(4) deriving from said plot information related to said water flow.The irradiating is advantageously interrupted after a given period of time, and is preferably immediately followed by the detection. The water flow velocity "V" is calculated from the formula V=d/t, where "d" is the distance between the source and the detector(s), and "t" is the time period between the irradiation and the time corresponding to a characteristic on said plot, representative of the water flow and departing from the N.sup.16 exponential decay curve.

Abstract: A nuclear detection system and method efficiently detects explosives in checked airline baggage or other parcels with a high probability of detection (PD) and a low probability of false alarms (PFA). The detection system detects the presence of nitrogen and its rough density distribution within the object under investigation by performing a nuclear-based analysis of the object. The detection system includes a source of thermal neutrons; an array of gamma ray detectors; a neutron detector; means for irradiating the object being examined to neutrons from the neutron source, which neutrons interact with the atomic nuclei of one or more specific elements, e.g.