Abstract: A method and device for monitoring oil field operations with a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) that uses a continuous-wave fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor with a very small spatial sampling while being able to sense acoustic events that have a large bandwidth by employing a demodulation/decoding method utilizing multiple spread-spectrum codes.

Abstract: A small form factor pluggable (“SFP”) transceiver for use in a communications network includes a transmitter adapted to be coupled to the network for supplying signals to the network, a receiver adapted to be coupled to the network for receiving signals from the network, and a programmable signal processing module coupled to the transmitter and the receiver and adapted to be programmed from a remote station coupled to the network. The module can be programmed to perform at least one service or management function on the network.

Abstract: A laser light generator is configured to generate one or more wavelengths of continuous wave laser light. The laser light generator is configured to collectively and simultaneously transmit each of the wavelengths of continuous wave laser light through an optical output of the laser light generator as a laser light supply. An optical fiber is connected to receive the laser light supply from the optical output of the laser light generator. An optical distribution network has an optical input connected to receive the laser light supply from the optical fiber. The optical distribution network is configured to transmit the laser light supply to each of one or more optical transceivers and/or optical sensors. The laser light generator is physically separate from each of the one or more optical transceivers and/or optical sensors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical signal frequency calibration method and device. The method includes: receiving a first optical signal that experiences a frequency offset and that is generated by a laser in a transmitter of an access node; receiving a reference optical signal sent by a local oscillator; calculating a difference between a specified frequency difference and a frequency difference between the reference optical signal and the first optical signal; and performing frequency calibration on the first optical signal according to the difference, modulating to-be-sent uplink data by using the calibrated first optical signal, and sending the modulated uplink data to a primary node.

Abstract: An optical relay device includes a WSS functioning as a wavelength selective switch capable of performing path switching in wavelength units and optical level adjustment for each of wavelengths and a control device that instructs, on the basis of a fluctuation amount of an optical level for each of the wavelengths of an optical signal output from the WSS and setting information indicating, for each of the wavelengths, whether optical level adjustment for the wavelengths of the optical signal is enabled, the WSS to perform a setting change of an optical level adjustment amount of the optical signal.

Abstract: A hybrid wavelength division multiplexing system wherein one or more intensity modulated signals generated by optical amplitude modulators are co-propagated with one or more phase modulated signals generated by optical phase modulators, wherein a drive voltage of said optical amplitude modulator is adapted to reduce an extinction ratio of the intensity modulated signal to minimize a cross-phase modulation impact on the co-propagating phase modulated signals.

Abstract: In some cases, a method includes receiving first control data from a proxy device at a proxy controller. The first control data is prevented from being received at a remote control signal receiver associated with a media device. The proxy controller may determine second control data associated with recording a multimedia content item at a first digital video recorder associated with the media device and third control data associated with recording the multimedia content item at a second digital video recorder that is accessible to one or more communication devices. The proxy controller may communicate the second control data to the media device via the proxy device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for transmitting an identifier using visible light communication (VLC) and for generating a plurality of identifiers for transmission using VLC. Input identifying an illumination factor associated with a light source is received. A first set of modulation parameters is modified for transmitting the identifier using VLC. The first set of modulation parameters is modified based on the illumination factor. A signal, in which the identifier is encoded, is applied to the light source. The signal is applied according to the first set of modulation parameters. Another method includes identifying a number of light transmitting devices, generating a plurality of identifiers based on the identified number of light transmitting devices, storing the generated identifiers, determining a plurality of cyclic shifts for each identifier in the plurality of identifiers, and removing identifiers from the plurality of identifiers that match the identified cyclic shifts.

Abstract: In general, a branching configuration used in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system includes a branching unit (BU) and a separate predetermined wavelength filter (PWF) unit. The PWF unit may include wavelength selective elements (e.g., filters) for providing a desired wavelength allocation and may also include optical connections (e.g. optical couplers) for coupling the allocated wavelengths between trunk and branch paths in the WDM system. The PWF unit is physically separate from an associated BU but coupled adjacent the BU.

Abstract: Challenges of direct-to-Earth (DTE) laser communications (lasercom) between spacecraft in low-Earth orbit (LEO) or medium-Earth orbit (MEO) and ground terminals can include short duration transmission windows, long time gaps between the transmission windows, deleterious effects of atmospheric turbulence, and the inability to operate in cloudy weather. Direct-link optical communications systems described herein can have data rates that are high enough to empty high-capacity on-board buffer(s) (e.g., having a capacity of at least about 1 Tb to hundreds of Tb) of a spacecraft in a single pass lasting only tens of seconds to a few minutes (e.g., 1-15 minutes), and overprovisioning the buffer capacity accounts for variations in the latency between links. One or more distributed networks of compact optical ground terminals, connected via terrestrial data networks, receive and demodulate WDM optical data transmissions from a plurality of orbiting spacecraft (e.g., satellites).

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) and an optical network unit (ONU) configured to generate a plurality of fragments by fragmenting a media access control (MAC) frame and to transmit the plurality of generated fragments, when a length of the MAC frame is greater than or equal to a maximum transmission unit (MTU).

Abstract: The present invention describes how to handle errors occurring during communication in a frame-based communication system that uses a communication protocol having a first error handling mechanism responsive to receipt of an incorrect protocol symbol. The invention provides a method and apparatus that allow several errors to occur without the communication system responding by initiating the first error handling mechanisms. Under circumstances where errors occur, the method and apparatus may improve throughput.

Abstract: A free-space optical communication system is provided. The free-space optical communication system includes a transmitter configured to optically transmit data in a plurality of subcarrier signals over a free-space scattering medium. The free-space optical communication system includes a coherent receiver configured to receive the plurality of subcarrier signals and extract the transmitted data from the plurality of subcarrier signals after traversal over the free-space scattering medium.

Abstract: A network capable of being used in a datacenter is described. The network can comprise a set of optical fiber rings, wherein each optical fiber ring carries data traffic on multiple wavelengths, and wherein each optical fiber ring is partitioned into multiple sectors. In some embodiments, each sector in the multiple sectors can comprise: (1) only one add-wavelength-selective-switch (add-WSS) communicatively coupled to only one optical fiber ring in the set of optical fiber rings, wherein the only one add-WSS is used for sending all data traffic that originates from the sector and is destined to other sectors; (2) an add-electro-optical-switch (add-EOS) communicatively coupled to the add-WSS; (3) a set of drop-wavelength-selective-switches (drop-WSSs) communicatively coupled to the set of optical fiber rings, wherein the set of drop-WSSs are used for receiving data traffic from other sectors; and (4) a drop-electro-optical-switch (drop-EOS) communicatively coupled to a drop-WSS in the set of drop-WSSs.

Abstract: An intelligent terminal power-saving management method and apparatus, wherein the method includes acquiring, by a second intelligent terminal, a power-saving control policy, where the power-saving control policy includes an interval for enabling a communications module, the interval for enabling the communications module is greater than a power-saving period of the communications module, and the power-saving period is a built-in power-saving control policy of the communications module, counting, by the second intelligent terminal, duration when the interval for enabling the communications module is acquired, enabling, by the second terminal, the communications module to perform communication when the duration is greater than or equal to the interval for enabling the communications module, and disabling, by the second intelligent terminal, the communications module when the communication ends. Using the apparatus can reduce power consumption and extend usage time of an intelligent terminal.

Abstract: A data mapping method and a data mapping device for an optical transport network are provided. The method includes: mapping packet service data or constant bit rate data to a Super Optical Channel Data Unit (ODUS) and mapping the ODUS to a Super Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTUS); distributing the OTUS to a plurality of electrical lane signals, dividing the plurality of electrical lane signals into one or more groups and mapping the one or more groups of electrical lane signals to corresponding Super Optical Channels (OChSi), wherein rates of the ODUS and the OTUS are both N times of 100 Gb/s, a rate of the OChSi is M times of 100 Gb/s, tributary slot sizes of the ODUS and the OTUS are both 100 Gb/s, where N is a positive integer equal to or greater than 2, i is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer equal to or greater than 1 but less than N.

Abstract: Methods and systems may estimate nonlinear penalties for optical paths using spectral inversion in optical transport networks. Certain values of nonlinear transfer functions for nonlinear penalty estimation may be pre-calculated for optical paths between given nodes. When an optical path computation for using spectral inversion between a given source node and a given destination node is desired, the pre-calculated values may be concatenated for improved computational efficiency.

Abstract: Methods and systems may implement a credit based approach for optimizing optical transmission and calculating optical paths in optical networks.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a detecting unit that detects terminal position information including information concerning a position of another display apparatus with respect to the display apparatus; and a display unit that displays a part of a given image based on the terminal position information detected by the detecting unit.

Abstract: A method of characterizing a monolithic tunable mid-infrared laser including a heterogeneous quantum cascade active region together with a least first and a second tunable integrated distributed feedback gratings, the method including operating the laser while tuning the first grating through its full tuning range, while holding the reflectivity function of the second grating constant, then operating the laser while tuning the second grating through its full tuning range, while holding the reflectivity function of the first grating constant.

Abstract: A method to avoid sympathetic switches in path switching protection due to client protection switching includes monitoring a drop side Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) entity and a line side TCM entity for a connection, wherein the drop side TCM is provisioned between a drop port of the node and a second drop port of a corresponding node, and wherein the line side TCM entity is provisioned between a plurality of line ports of the node and a second plurality of line ports of the corresponding node; responsive to detecting defects in both the drop side TCM entity and the line side TCM entity on a working line, implementing path protection switching of the working line; and, responsive to detecting defects only in the drop side TCM entity, implementing path protection switching of the working line responsive to persistence of the defects.

Abstract: An adaptive optics compensation approach for an OAM multiplexed FSO communication system is described, in which a Gaussian beam is used to probe the turbulence-induced wavefront distortions and derive the correction pattern for compensating the OAM beams. Using this approach, we demonstrate simultaneous compensation of multiple OAM beams each carrying a 100-Gbit/s data channel through emulated atmospheric turbulence. The results indicate that the turbulence-induced crosstalk and power penalty could be efficiently mitigated by ˜12.5 dB and ˜11 dB respectively.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first and second trunk terminals, a plurality of communication trunks disposed along a floor of a body of water, and power feed equipment. Each communication trunk couples the first trunk terminal to the second trunk terminal and includes at least one signal amplifier configured to amplify a signal conveyed along the corresponding communication trunk. The power feed equipment is coupled to the plurality of communication trunks and is configured to deliver power along each communication trunk to power the at least one signal amplifier of the communication trunk. The power feed equipment is also configured to receive a shunt fault notification identifying an electrical shunt fault along a faulted communication trunk of the plurality of communication trunks. In response to the shunt fault notification, the power feed equipment is configured to cease delivery of power along at least one communication trunk.

Abstract: A method and system for transient and switching stabilization of a fiber optic transport system. One or more data-bearing channels are coupled to an optical fiber. The data-bearing channels are distributed among a plurality of frequency sub-bands. A set of control channels is also coupled to the optical fiber. Each control channel includes a pair of signals at separate frequencies. There is at least one control channel in each of the plurality of frequency sub-bands. The pair of signals of a control channel are cross-polarized. Optical power in at least one of the plurality of sub-bands is measured. Responsive to the measured optical power, the optical power of a control channel is adjusted to maintain a substantially constant power of a sub-band that contains the adjusted control channel.

Abstract: An optical frequency shifter includes a splitter that branch a first optical signal having a first frequency component, a first mutual phase modulator that generate a second optical signal having a second frequency component and a third optical signal having a third frequency component with mutual phase modulation of the first optical signal and a first optical beat signal, a phase converter that change a phase of an output of the first mutual phase modulator, a second mutual phase modulator that generate the second optical signal and the third optical signal with mutual phase modulation of the first phase converter of output signal and a second optical beat signal, and a combiner that interfere between an output of the second mutual phase modulator and another optical signal obtained by branching of the splitter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing enhanced optical networking service and performance which are particularly advantageous in terms of low cost and use of existing infrastructure, access control techniques, and components. In the exemplary embodiment, current widespread deployment and associated low cost of Ethernet-based systems are leveraged through use of an Ethernet CSMA/CD MAC in the optical domain on a passive optical network (PON) system. Additionally, local networking services are optionally provided to the network units on the PON since each local receiver can receive signals from all other users. An improved symmetric coupler arrangement provides the foregoing functionality at low cost. The improved system architecture also allows for fiber failure protection which is readily implemented at low cost and with minimal modification.

Abstract: A procedure for transferring wavelengths, and a system that operates in accordance with the procedure. The system comprises at least one network terminal, each including a switch and a controller. A plurality of wavelength sets are applied to the switch. The controller is arranged to operate the switch such that the switch (a) selects at least one wavelength from at least one of the plurality of wavelength sets, based on electrical monitoring at a port module external to the network terminal, and (b) outputs the at least one wavelength to an output of the at least one network terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a dimming method, a dimming device and a computer storage medium. The method comprises: segmenting, on a Media Access Control (MAC) layer, a MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU) into multiple sub-MSDUs of the same length; encapsulating the sub-MSDUs after the segmentation into separate MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs), and separately generating a Compensation Frame (CF) for each MPDU according to a target brightness value of a light source; and aggregating the MPDUs and the CFs into a Physical Layer Service Data Unit (PSDU) of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) and transmitting the PPDU.

Abstract: We disclose a hybrid optical switch configured to switch optical channels based on their respective utilization factors. In an example embodiment, optical channels having relatively low utilization factors are unwrapped down to payload units, which are then switched electrically, e.g., using an Optical-Transport-Network (OTN) switch, in a manner that tends to increase the utilization factors of the optical channels that carry the switched payload units. In contrast, optical channels having relatively high utilization factors are switched optically, e.g., using a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer, without being unwrapped. The hybrid optical switch may advantageously be deployed in a network node subjected to relatively high traffic-volume fluctuations because the switch tends to improve optical-channel utilization when the traffic volume is relatively low and to decrease the workload of the corresponding OTN switch when the traffic volume is relatively high.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for tuning optical components are provided. The apparatus and method may be used for wavelength selection in the context of optical communication. An example apparatus may include a plurality of tunable components, each having an optical output. The apparatus may also include a switch that during each period of a plurality of periods has a switch output that contains a selected one of the optical outputs. The apparatus may operate such that during each period of the plurality of periods, at least one of the tunable components other than the tunable component having the selected optical output is available for tuning.

Abstract: A transmitting device coupled to a first route and a second route as communication paths on a first ring network and coupled to a third route as a communication path on a second ring network, the transmitting device includes: a first branching unit configured to branch and output signal light input from the first route to a first terminating unit and a second output unit that outputs signal light to the second route; a second branching unit configured to branch and output signal light input from the second route to a second terminating unit, a first output unit that outputs signal light to the first route, and a third output unit that outputs signal light to the third route; and a third branching unit configured to branch and output signal light input from the third route to a third terminating unit that terminates signal light and the second output unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transimpedance gain circuit for temporally differentiating photo-sensing systems in dynamic vision sensors, which uses at least one photodiode and at least two in-series transistors, each of the transistors being connected in diode configuration and being positioned at the output of the photodiode. The output current from the photodiode flows through the drain-source channels of the transistors and the source of the last transistor in series is connected to a voltage selected from ground voltage, a constant voltage or a controlled voltage.

Abstract: Interior trim apparatuses for motor vehicles are provided. In one example, an interior trim apparatus for a motor vehicle comprises one or more infrared (IR) light emitting diodes (LEDs). One or more IR sensors are cooperatively configured with the one or more IR LEDs to detect a presence of a nomadic device and/or a user input.

Abstract: A communication system includes a primary module with: first trunk and branch input and output ports, each coupled to first in/out couplers, the first in/out couplers coupled to first circulators, and the circulators in turn coupled to first central couplers; second trunk branch input and output ports, each coupled to second in/out couplers, each of second in/out couplers coupled to second circulators; and first and second bidirectional wavelength-selective switches (WSSes) coupled to the first central couplers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical amplifier arrangement and a method of amplifying an optical signal. The optical amplifier arrangement (20) comprises an optical dividing device (21) arranged to divide an optical input pulse into a plurality of non-overlapping pulses forming a pulse train, an optical amplifier (22) arranged to amplify the pulse train, and an optical aligning display (23) arranged to temporally align the plurality of amplified pulses in the amplified pulse train into a single output pulse having the same temporal width as the input pulse.

Abstract: At least two light-emitting elements emit light to a branching device, and the branching device divides the light that entered into an input port into at least two and emits the light from M number of output ports. An optical modulator individually modulates the M number of light beams that were emitted. When a first light-emitting element driven normally fails, the first light-emitting element is stopped and a second light-emitting element that was stopped is driven, thereby maintaining the emission of the modulated M number of light beams.

Abstract: The invention refers a method and an arrangement for channel set up in an optical network. An optical signal path is configured for a certain optical channel signal (OC1) of a WDM-signal. This channel signal (OC1) is on-off-modulated by a modulation test signal (MT1) having a predetermined lower frequency and is generating a channel test signal (OT1). This channel test signal (OT1) is combined with other optical channels (OC2-OCn) to the WDM-signal (WS) and transmitted via said path. At a start node (1) or a downstream node (3, 5) a measurement signal (EMI, EM3) is derived from the complete WDM-signal (WS) without wavelength de-multiplexing. The measurement signal (EMI, EM3) is compared with a correlation signal (MC1) and an obtained power level (PC1) is used to adjust the channel power (PC1, PC2, PC3) to achieve predetermined target power values (PC1-PC4) at different power monitoring points (19, 40, 41, 58).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical transceiver, method of mapping, and method of management utilizing a plurality of Optical Channel Transport Unit layer k (OTUk) links to form an aggregate signal, such as, for example, 10 OTU2s to provide a single 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) signal. Specifically, the present invention enables use of existing circuitry and methods at lower speed signals, e.g. 10G, to support higher speed aggregate signals, e.g. 100G. The present invention may be utilized to support carrier-grade OTN applications with optical transceivers such as, for example, pluggable optical transceivers. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes a method which receives a plurality of signals, frames each of the plurality of signals into an OTUk frame, and manages/monitors each of the plurality of signals in an OTUk frame in the aggregate.

Abstract: A fast protection switching method for a Passive Optical Network (PON). When performing protection switching from an operation link (an operation network) to a protection link (a protection network) in a PON, the fast protection switching method enables rapidly updating Equalization Delay (EqD) values, even if the EqD values are different for Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) of varying distances.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes: a reception apparatus configured to receive signal light separated from wavelength division multiplexing light; and a management apparatus configured to manage a plurality of optical transmission apparatuses that transmit the wavelength division multiplexing light, wherein the reception apparatus further comprises: an amplification section configured to amplify each power of electric signals for demodulating the signal light within a predetermined tolerance level, the electric signals being converted from mixed light of local light and the signal light input into the reception apparatus; an adjustment section configured to adjust power of the signal light input into the reception apparatus or power of the local light; and a controller configured to control the adjustment section based on an adjustment amount notified by the management apparatus, the management apparatus includes a computer.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product are provided for detecting state and sparing of optical Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI-Express or PCIE) cable channels attached to an IO drawer. System firmware is provided for implementing health check functions and state detection and sparing functions. One or more optical cables are connected between a host bridge and a PCIE enclosure, each optical cable includes one or more spare optical channels. An identified failed optical channel is rerouted to the spare optical channel.

Abstract: Preventing optical beat interference includes dynamically managing an adjustable optical transmitter wavelength of each of a plurality of customer premises equipment, wherein each of the plurality of customer premises equipment is in bidirectional communication with a customer premises equipment controller. A bidirectional communication system includes a customer premises equipment controller; and a plurality of customer premises equipment coupled to the customer premises equipment controller, each of the plurality of customer premises equipment having an adjustable optical transmitter wavelength, wherein each of the plurality of customer premises equipment is in bidirectional communication with the customer premises equipment controller to prevent optical beat interference by dynamically managing the adjustable optical transmitter wavelength of each of the plurality of customer premises equipment.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for protecting a passive optical network including an optical-line terminal connected to a plurality of optical network terminals grouped set-wise. The method includes: obtaining a transmission schedule of the optical network terminals; comparing, by set, the schedule with the signals transmitted by the optical network terminals, and, if at least one optical network terminal of an assembly does not transmit in synchronization with the schedule, disconnecting the assembly.

Abstract: An optical signal monitor circuit includes a PD which directly detects an optical signal and converts the optical signal into a photocurrent, and another PD which detects the optical signal and converts the optical signal into a photocurrent. A resistance element converts the photocurrents into voltages for input to an operational amplifier which outputs voltages based on the voltages generated by the resistance element. A switching control circuit switches a connection between the PDs and the resistance element, and a calculation circuit acquires the output of the operational amplifier converted to digital signals such that the switching control circuit controls switching to cause the two photocurrents to flow into the resistance element at individual timings and to cause the two photocurrents to flow into the resistance element at the same timing, and the calculation circuit calculates a corrected digital signal by subtracting with the obtained digital signals.

Abstract: A transport management system receives a request for a planned interruption in an optical network, and identifies transport equipment of the optical network affected by the planned interruption. The transport management system selectively sends a notification, from the network device, the identified transport equipment affected by the planned interruption, including a scheduled time of the planned interruption and a duration associated with the planned interruption, where the notification enables the notified transport equipment to buffer data to be transmitted on links affected by the planned interruption for the notified duration of the planned interruption.

Abstract: An optical transmitting device includes: a light source; an optical modulator configured to modulate light from the light source based on an electric signal corresponding to transmission data, and output an optical signal based on the electric signal; a measuring section configured to measure power of the optical signal in each of measurement bands which are different from with each other and narrower than a frequency band of the modulated optical signal; a determining section configured to determine whether or not the measured power is within a power range in each of the measurement bands; and an output section configured to output fault information indicating a fault in the optical modulator when the measured power is not within the power range.

Abstract: A coherent optical receiver including an optical transducer, an adaptive filter, and a processor updates the adaptive filter according to a metric derived in Stokes space. The optical transducer receives an optical signal corresponding to a modulated signal of symbols. The optical transducer also determines a first signal corresponding to a first polarization of the optical signal and a second signal corresponding to a second polarization of the optical signal. The adaptive filter recovers a first equalized signal and a second equalized signal from the first signal and the second signal. The first equalized signal and the second equalized signal form an equalized modulated signal of symbols. The processor calculates a set of Stokes parameters from the equalized modulated signal and updates the adaptive filter based on a metric derived from the set of Stokes parameters.

Abstract: A method of adding a transceiver including a transmitter and a receiver to an optical network. The transceiver is controlled to enable the receiver while maintaining the transmitter in a disabled state. The receiver detects a presence of an optical signal at a first wavelength. If an optical signal at the first wavelength is not present, the transmitter is enabled. Responsive to detection that an optical signal at the first wavelength is present: a feature of the optical signal, and a match condition between the detected feature and a predetermined feature are detected. The transmitter is enabled responsive to detection of the match condition.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes a transmitting device and a receiving device, wherein the transmitting device includes a modulating unit that changes a frequency of an optical signal, and the receiving device includes a filtering unit that passes an optical signal in a predetermined frequency band; a measuring unit that measures an intensity of an optical signal that passes through the filtering unit; a detecting unit that detects a center wavelength of the optical signal in accordance with an intensity of the optical signal that is measured when a frequency of the optical signal is changed in a state of a passed band that corresponds to the optical signal; and an output unit that outputs information that indicates the detected center wavelength to the transmitting device, wherein the transmitting device controls a wavelength of the optical signal in accordance with the information from the receiving device.

Abstract: A method of operating a BPSK modulator includes receiving an RF signal at the BPSK modulator and splitting the RF signal into a first portion and a second portion that is inverted with respect to the first portion. The method also includes receiving the first portion at a first arm of the BPSK modulator, receiving the second portion at a second arm of the BPSK modulator, applying a first tone to the first arm of the BPSK modulator, and applying a second tone to the second arm of the BPSK modulator. The method further includes measuring a power associated with an output of the BPSK modulator and adjusting a phase applied to at least one of the first arm of the BPSK modulator or the second arm of the BPSK modulator in response to the measured power.