Abstract: A fiber optic sensing (FOS) system and method. The system may include one or more interrogator units and a proximal wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and a distal WDM optically connectable to the one or more interrogator units, an upgoing transmission fiber, a down-going transmission fiber, and one or more downhole sensing fibers. The method may include transmitting one or more light pulses from an interrogator unit, multiplexing the one or more light pulses from the interrogator unit with a proximal WDM into an upgoing transmission fiber and a down-going transmission fiber, and receiving the one or more light pulses with a distal WDM. The method may further include multiplexing the one or more light pulses from the upgoing transmission fiber and the down-going transmission fiber into one or more downhole sensing fibers and receiving backscatter light from at least one of the one or more downhole sensing fibers.

Abstract: A wavelength multiplexing communication system includes a master station apparatus and a plurality of slave station apparatuses. The master station apparatus includes a wavelength multiplexing communication unit that performs wavelength multiplexing communication with the plurality of slave station apparatuses by wavelengths the number of which is equal to or less than the number of the plurality of slave station apparatuses using an optical signal of a wavelength in a first wavelength group and an optical signal of a wavelength in a second wavelength group.

Abstract: Techniques for identifying sources of degradations within a PON include detecting that an optical profile of a segment of the PON is outside of a designated operating range, and comparing the drift over time of the segment's optical profile with respective drifts over time of optical profiles of other PON segments, each of which shares an OLT or a last mile termination unit with the segment as a common endpoint. Each segment's optical profile corresponds to characteristics of optical signals delivered over the segment (e.g., attenuation, changes in frequencies, changes in power outputs, etc.). The differences between the segments' drift(s) over time are utilized to determine the source of a degradation within the PON, and may be utilized to identify a particular component of the segment (e.g., the OLT, the last mile termination unit, or an optical fiber included in the segment) as being the source of the degradation.

Abstract: An optical communication system configured with a station-side apparatus and a plurality of subscriber-side apparatuses in a bus network topology includes an optical amplification unit installed on a station side, and a drop unit configured to branch an optical signal and excitation light, wherein the optical amplification unit includes an amplifier configured to amplify a downlink signal, and an excitation light output unit configured to output the excitation light for amplifying an uplink signal to a communication path, and the drop unit changes a branching ratio in accordance with a wavelength of the optical signal so that a transmission loss of the excitation light with respect to a trunk fiber is reduced.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for identifying and monitoring connections in an optical system. A plurality of optical ports is configured to receive a plurality of optical links that couple with one or more remote optical devices. At least one light source generates identification (ID) signals. At least one optical element configured to direct the ID signals into transmission paths from the source optical device to the remote optical device/s over the plurality of optical links. The remote optical device/s include one or more optical elements that direct the ID signals through a set of WDM filters and returns the ID signals. At least one optical element directs returned ID signals to an optical channel monitor. At least one microprocessor configured to execute control instructions to generate the ID signals and process one or more outputs of the optical channel monitor in response to the returned ID signals to identify the plurality of optical links.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for subcarrier modulation with radio frequency inphase-quadrature (IQ) modulators. A system includes a plurality of IQ modulators, each configured to receive an input electrical signal comprising an inphase signal and a quadrature signal, and each configured to modulate the inphase signal and quadrature signal based on one of a plurality of local oscillator signals to output a multiplexed signal. Each of the plurality of local oscillator signals is supplied by a respective one of a plurality of local oscillator circuits. A modulator circuit is configured to modulate a carrier optical signal from a laser having a frequency ?c based on the multiplexed signal to generate a modulated optical signal centered at frequency ?c and comprising a plurality of subcarriers. A center frequency of each of the plurality of subcarriers is offset from ?c by a frequency of said one of the plurality of local oscillator signals.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem coupled with a radio transceiver, a voice processing module, an intelligent (smart) camera, a first set of computer implementable instructions in an artificial intelligence algorithm and a fuzzy logic algorithm (stored in one or more non-transitory storage medias) and a second set of computer implementable instructions to provide a search on an internet in response to a user's interest/preference (stored in the one or more non-transitory storage medias), wherein the first set of computer implementable instructions and the second set of computer implementable instructions are combined/integrated or separated.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem comprising a microprocessor, a foldable/stretchable display, radio modules/transceivers, a first set of computer implementable instructions for intelligent learning (that can include (i) artificial intelligence or an artificial neural network and (ii) fuzzy logic) and a second set of computer implementable instructions in natural language is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can (i) respond to a user's interests and/or preferences and (ii) provide a peer-to-peer transaction. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem can be sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem comprising a system-on-a-chip (that can include a microprocessor and a graphic/graphical processor), a foldable/stretchable display, radio modules/transceivers, a first set of computer implementable instructions for intelligent learning (that can include (i) artificial intelligence or an artificial neural network and (ii) fuzzy logic) and a second set of computer implementable instructions in natural language is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can (i) respond to a user's interests and/or preferences and (ii) provide a peer-to-peer transaction. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem can be sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: Provided is an optical transceiver including: a receiver configured to receive an optical transmission signal including wavelength information from another optical transceiver through a multiplexer/demultiplexer connected to the receiver; and a controller configured to identify a reception wavelength for communication with the other optical transceiver and to determine a wavelength corresponding to the reception wavelength as a transmission wavelength for communication with the other optical transceiver, based on the wavelength information included in the optical transmission signal.

Abstract: A method for allocating bandwidth to a first ONU, a second ONU, M1 ONUs, and M2 ONUs includes, during an allocation cycle, (i) granting a respective upstream time slot to, of a plurality of N ONUs, only each of the M1 ONUs, and (ii) granting a first upstream time slot to the first ONU. Each of the M1 ONUs and M2 ONUs is one of the plurality of N ONUs. The method also includes, during a subsequent cycle, (i) granting a respective upstream time slot to, of the plurality of N ONUs, only each of the M2 ONUs. The N ONUs includes a skipped-ONU that is one of either, and not both, the M1 ONUs and the M2 ONUs. The method includes, during the subsequent allocation cycle, granting a second upstream time slot to a second ONU, which is not one of the plurality of N ONUs.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving a first optical signal from a first optical network via a first port of the wavelength converter, receiving a second optical signal from a second optical network via a second port of the wavelength converter, modulating the first optical signal with the second light signal to generate a third optical signal, eliminating the first light signal from the third optical signal to generate a fourth optical signal, and transmitting the fourth optical signal through the second optical network. The first optical signal can include a first digital signal modulated onto a first light signal of a first wavelength, the second optical signal can include a second light signal can include a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and the fourth optical signal can include the first digital signal modulated onto the second light signal. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A TORminator module is disposed with a switch linecard of a rack. The TORminator module receives downlink electrical data signals from a rack switch. The TORminator module translates the downlink electrical data signals into downlink optical data signals. The TORminator module transmits multiple subsets of the downlink optical data signals through optical fibers to respective SmartDistributor modules disposed in respective racks. Each SmartDistributor module receives multiple downlink optical data signals through a single optical fiber from the TORminator module. The SmartDistributor module demultiplexes the multiple downlink optical data signals and distributes them to respective servers. The SmartDistributor module receives multiple uplink optical data signals from multiple servers and multiplexes them onto a single optical fiber for transmission to the TORminator module.

Abstract: There is provided an OTDR receive device and an OTDR system comprising an OTDR receive device wherein the OTDR unit and the OTDR receive device are to be connected at opposite ends of an optical fiber link under test. The OTDR receive device comprises means for the OTDR system to detect an established connectivity between the OTDR unit and the OTDR receive device via the optical fiber link under test and a status indicator to notify a user of the receive device of the connectivity status and optionally an OTDR measurement status. Connectivity detection allows to check for continuity between the OTDR unit and the OTDR receive device before launching an OTDR measurement. A user of the OTDR unit does not need to communicate with the user of the OTDR receive device to know when to start the acquisition.

Abstract: Amplitude-modulated (AM) signals spanning a spatial wide area can be efficiently detected using a slowly scanning optical system. The system decouples the AM carrier from the AM signal bandwidth (or carrier uncertainty), enabling Nyquist sampling of only the information-bearing AM signal (or the known frequency bandwidth). The system includes a staring sensor with N pixels (e.g., N>106) that searches for a sinusoidal frequency of unknown phase and frequency, perhaps constrained to a particular band by a priori information about the signal. Counters in the sensor pixels mix the detected signals with local oscillators to down-convert the signal of interest, e.g., to a baseband frequency. The counters store the down-converted signal for read out at a rate lower than the Nyquist rate of AM signal. The counts can be shifted among pixels synchronously with the optical line-of-sight for scanning operation.

Abstract: A network, such as a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network, may comprise a plurality of nodes. Each node may facilitate transmission of service signals between a service provider and a plurality of subscribers. If a node's utilization is determined to be above a predetermined threshold that is indicative of congestion on the node, a system associated with the service provider and/or a third party service may identify a subset of subscribers with excessive data usage. For example, the system may receive usage data for each subscriber serviced by the node, and compare the usage data to a total usage data among the subscribers serviced by the node and/or a standard to identify the subset. Once identified, the system may determine a cause of the excessive data usage for each subscriber within the subset, and determine an action to be performed based on the cause to alleviate the congestion on the node.

Abstract: Conventionally, for processing multi-legged orders, matching engines were implemented in software and were connected through Ethernet which is very slow in terms of throughput. Such traditional trading systems failed to process orders of tokens on different machines and these were summarily rejected. Present disclosure provides multiple FPGA system being optimized for processing/executing multi-legged orders. The system includes a plurality of FPGAs which are interconnected for communication via a PCIe port of a multi-port PCIe switch. Each FPGA comprise a net processing layer, a matcher, and a look-up table. Each FPGA is configured to process tokens (e.g., securities, etc.). If orders to be processed are for tokens on same FPGA where the order is received, then tokens are processed locally. Else net processing layer of a specific FPGA routes to specific order request to another FPGA where the tokens (securities) are located thereby reducing the latency and improving overall throughput.

Abstract: An electronic control unit includes a relay device that is connected via a first network with a different relay device included in a different electronic control unit to relay a frame via the first network. It is determined whether a reception interruption has occurred. The reception interruption signifies that at least one predetermined frame scheduled to be transmitted from the different relay device is not received within a predetermined time via the first network. In response to the reception interruption being determined to have occurred, it is determined whether an abnormality has occurred in the first network based on at least one of (i) a presence or absence of reception of a state data representing a state of the different electronic control unit from the different electronic control unit via a second network within a fixed time, and (ii) a content of the state data.

Abstract: An optical network is provided that includes at least one strand of a plurality of strands of optical fiber optically connected to a first fiber distribution hub and an access terminal. The at least one strand optically is also connected to a second fiber distribution hub and the access terminal. The at least one strand thus provides a full duplex optical path in a first direction from the first fiber distribution hub to the access terminal and in a second direction from the second fiber distribution hub to the access terminal.

Abstract: This application provides an uplink access method and a device. The method includes: a network device receiving indication information sent by a terminal device when the terminal device goes online, where the indication information is used to trigger the network device to send uplink registration window indication information on a first port; the uplink registration window indication information indicates a registration window location at which the terminal device sends uplink registration information; and the network device sends the uplink registration window indication information on the first port according to the indication information. According to the technical solutions provided in embodiments of this application, in a P2MP working mode, a network device may be prevented from periodically indicating a registration window, thereby reducing resource overhead and power consumption.

Abstract: Various multiple methods of data transport, and combinations thereof, may be used to initialize or update conditional access information on various devices. In an integrated device having both a broadcast receiver, such as an SDARS receiver, and a two-way communications transceiver, such as an LTE, 3G, 4G or 5G modem, or the like, conditional access information for the broadcast receiver may be sent to the transceiver, and then passed to the broadcast receiver, or vice versa. Additionally, for example, the broadcast receiver may be sent, over the broadcast communications channel, a “wake-up” message for the two-way transceiver, which message may then be passed to the two-way transceiver, so as to make it ready to receive conditional access information over the two-way communications channel, or vice versa.

Abstract: A device for controlling upstream transmission of bursts from optical network units (ONUs) to an optical line termination (OLT) in a passive optical network (PON), wherein the upstream transmission is organized in time intervals that form part of an upstream timeframe, includes obtain respective optical power levels received at the OLT for the ONUs; obtain respective extinction ratios at the OLT for the ONUs; obtain respective transmission wavelengths for the ONUs; distinguish pairable ONUs and non-pairable ONUs at least based on the wavelengths; pair the pairable ONUs based on the optical power levels and/or the extinction ratios to generating one or plural subsets of paired ONUs; allow paired ONUs that belong to a same subset to simultaneously transmit bursts within a time interval.

Abstract: Technologies are directed to active taps and distributed gain architectures in a cable network. In some embodiments, an active tap includes multiple ports, where at least one of the multiple ports can receive radio-frequency (RF) signals from a customer premises equipment (CPE) and/or can transmit RF signals to the CPE. The active tap also can include a switch module and a controller device functionally coupled to the switch module. The controller device can monitor one or several performance metrics defining respective signal attributed. The controller device also can control the operation of the tap device based on a magnitude of a performance metric. The active tap also includes a cable modem that can report magnitudes of performance metric(s) to a network device or a user device. A distributed gain architecture can include any combination of passive taps and active taps functionally coupled to a fiber node in the cable network.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem coupled with a system-on-chip (comprising a microprocessor/graphic processor), a radio transceiver, a voice processing module/voice processing algorithm, a foldable display, a near-field communication device, a biometric sensor and an intelligent learning algorithm is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can respond to a user's interests and/or preferences. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: A system for powering a network element of a fiber optic wide area network is disclosed. When communication data is transferred between a central office (CO) and a subscriber terminal using a network element to convert optical to electrical (O-E) and electrical to optical (E-O) signals between a fiber from the central office and twisted wire pair, coaxial cable or Ethernet cable transmission lines from the subscriber terminal, techniques related to local powering of a network element or drop site by the subscriber terminal or subscriber premise remote powering device are provided. Certain advantages and/or benefits are achieved using the present invention, such as freedom from any requirement for additional meter installations or meter connection charges and does not require a separate power network.

Abstract: In conventional hybrid lasers large back refection may lead to a degradation of relative intensity noise (RIN), linewidth broadening, mode hopping, etc. To solve the aforementioned problem a hybrid laser includes a mode converter for converting a higher-back-reflection mode of the light to a mode providing less back reflection to the gain chip. The mode converter may comprise a polarization rotator, a waveguide converter, or high-order mode converter. A routing waveguide may be provided including a phase shifter, e.g. a doped waveguide, for adjusting a cavity length of the laser cavity.

Abstract: A method and system for time-based viewing to coordinate airport collaborative decision making (A-CDM) events between a pilot and ground personnel on a cockpit display of an aircraft of generating a time scale with a list of A-CDM events of the aircraft during inbound, turnaround and outbound flight operations to an airport based sensor data contributed by aircraft systems and data of A-CDM event related to airport operations to generate a current time moving window in the time scale for identifying A-CDM events; generating a graphic user interface using the sensor data for positioning the current time moving window on the time scale; and collaboratively communicating with ground personnel decisions based on an aircraft state and a current A-CDM event identified by the positioning of the current time moving window in the time scale to expedite completion of a particular A-CDM event.

Abstract: A network element (200) of a cable television (CATV) network, comprising an input (204) for upstream signal transmission; at least two diplex filters (210, 212, 214) configured to be connected to said input (204), a first diplex filter (210) comprising a bandpass filter for a first upstream frequency band and a second diplex filter (212) comprising a bandpass filter for a second upstream frequency band; a switch (208) for connecting one of said at least two diplex filters to said input; wherein the network element is configured to be remotely controlled by a headend of the CATV network for selecting the diplex filter.

Abstract: Concepts and technologies for multi-lane optical transport network recovery are provided herein. In an embodiment, a system includes a multi-lane optical transceiver. The multi-lane optical transceiver can include a transmitter optical sub-assembly, a receiver optical sub-assembly, and a controller that includes a processor and a memory that stores computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations. The operations can include detecting an optical interruption event corresponding to an optical lane within a multi-lane optical path. The operations can further include instantiating an optical protocol alarm based on the optical interruption event. The operations can further include generating an optical protocol message based on the optical protocol alarm. The operations can further include instructing a peer multi-lane optical transceiver to alter optical transmission along the multi-lane optical path based on the optical protocol message.

Abstract: An optical network is provided that includes at least one strand of a plurality of strands of optical fiber optically connected to a first fiber distribution hub and an access terminal. The at least one strand optically is also connected to a second fiber distribution hub and the access terminal. The at least one strand thus provides a full duplex optical path in a first direction from the first fiber distribution hub to the access terminal and in a second direction from the second fiber distribution hub to the access terminal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a ruggedized/hardened fiber optic connection system designed to reduce cost. In one example, selected features of a fiber optic adapter are integrated with a wall (24) of an enclosure (22). The adapter comprises a sleeve port (26) into which an optical adapter subassembly is inserted. The subassembly comprises a sleeve part (44) which is inserted into the sleeve, a ferrule alignment sleeve (48) which is inserted into the sleeve part, a ferrule (55) with hub which is inserted into the alignment sleeve, and fixing clip (46) securing the ferrule with hub into the alignment sleeve and the sleeve part.

Abstract: An ONU comprises a receiver configured to receive a continuous-mode TDMA downstream signal from an OLT; a PD coupled to the receiver and configured to convert the continuous-mode TDMA downstream signal to an electrical signal or an RF signal; an ADC coupled to the PD and configured to convert the electrical signal or the RF signal to a digital signal; and a burst-mode data recovery stage coupled to the ADC and configured to perform data recovery on a segment of the digital signal corresponding to the ONU, the burst-mode data recovery stage comprises a synchronization stage configured to perform synchronization on the segment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to passive optical network (PON) systems, optical line terminals (OTLs), and optical network units (ONUs). One example PON system includes an OLT and at least two ONUs. The OLT and the ONUs exchange data on one downstream channel and two upstream channels. The OLT sends downstream data to each ONU on the downstream channel, where the downstream data includes an upstream bandwidth grant used to control each ONU to send upstream data. Each ONU receives the downstream data on the downstream channel, and sends the upstream data on a first upstream channel or a second upstream channel based on the upstream bandwidth grant included in the downstream data. The OLT receives, on the first upstream channel and the second upstream channel, the upstream data sent by each ONU, where a registration function is disabled on the first upstream channel, and enabled on the second upstream channel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a passive optical network communications method, apparatus and system. The method includes: receiving, by an optical network unit, a first message sent by an optical line terminal, where the first message carries backup wavelength channel ID information; switching, by the optical network unit, following the optical network unit detects a fault, an operating wavelength channel of the optical network unit to a backup wavelength channel identified by the backup wavelength channel ID information; and performing, by the optical network unit, data communication over the switched-to backup wavelength channel. In this way, fast protection switching of a passive optical network system is implemented and reliability of the system is improved.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem includes/couples a radio transceiver, a voice processing module/voice processing algorithm and an intelligent learning algorithm. The intelligent subsystem can respond to a user's interests and/or preferences. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: A system that utilizes data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) over passive optical networks is disclosed. An example system includes core system in a passive optical network (PON), comprising a memory; and one or more processors configured to generate a downlink (DL) data stream comprising optical signals, in compliance with a data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS); and provide the optical signals containing DL data to a network component in the PON over an optical fiber coupled between the core system and the network component. In some embodiments, the core system is located at a head end equipment at the internet service provider's facility. However, in other embodiments, the core system can have a distributed architecture, with a part of the core system located at the internet service provider's facility and a different part of the core system located at a different location.

Abstract: A device and method for optical power measurement in an optical network supporting upstream and downstream signal propagation along an optical transmission path. An upstream wavelength analyzer receives upstream light extracted from the optical transmission path and is configured to determine an upstream spectral characteristic of the extracted upstream light. A downstream optical power meter assembly receives downstream light extracted from the optical transmission path and is configured to measure an optical power parameter of a downstream signal. A processing unit is configured to determine, based on the upstream spectral characteristic, at least one pass/fail threshold associated with the measured optical power parameter of the downstream signal.

Abstract: A hybrid optical-RF device, called a “stamp cell” herein, may be a small, passive repeating device that is designed to be placed close to User Equipment (UE) such that the UE only needs to reach a few meters using high frequency RF signals. The stamp cell may directly convert the received RF signal to an optical signal which may be transmitted to an optical receiver mounted on a traditional cell tower. Similarly, in the downlink direction, the stamp cell may receive optical signals from the cell tower and convert the optical signals to high frequency RF signals, which may be received by the UE.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to systems, apparatuses, and methods for performing continuous or periodic link training. Existing link training protocols generally perform link training only once during startup or initialization of a link and, as a result, are limited in their applications. After link training is performed and Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) data link layer and other high-layer data is transmitted across the link, no further link training is performed using these existing link training protocols. However, parameters of the link may change over time after link training is performed, such as temperature of the link and voltage levels of signals transmitted over the link by the transmitter of the transmitter-receiver pair.

Abstract: A system and method for performing an in-service optical time domain reflectometry test, an in-service insertion loss test, and an in-service optical frequency domain reflectometry test using a same wavelength as the network communications for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint optical fiber networks while maintaining continuity of network communications are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a DAC configured to convert a digital electrical signal to an analog electrical signal and a laser coupled to the DAC. The laser is configured to generate an optical signal using the analog electrical signal for modulation, the optical signal is a band-multiplexed optical signal comprising frequency bands, the frequency bands comprise a lowest-frequency band, and the lowest-frequency band comprises a baseband IM signal. The laser is configured to transmit the optical signal. A PON comprises an OLT configured to transmit a downstream optical signal, the downstream optical signal is a band-multiplexed optical signal comprising a first band and a second band. The PON includes a first ONU configured to receive the downstream optical signal and equalize only the first band; and a second ONU configured to receive the downstream optical signal and equalize the first band and the second band.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes: an optical demultiplexer to demultiplex an optical signal in which a plurality of wavelengths is multiplexed and divide the optical signal into optical signals corresponding to the plurality of wavelengths, respectively; a reflector to change a progress direction of the divided optical signals; an optical coupling lens including, in an array form, light transmission lenses through which the divided optical signals are transmitted, respectively; a plurality of photodetectors to mount on a photodiode (PD) substrate provided on the optical coupling lens, receive the divided optical signals that are transmitted through the light transmission lenses of the optical coupling lens, respectively, and convert the received optical signals to electrical signals; and a plurality of trans impedance amplifiers provided at desired intervals to electrically connect to the plurality of photodetectors through wire bonding and amplify the received plurality of electrical signals to be a desired magn

Abstract: A gigabit passive optical network (GPON) includes: at least one strand of optical fiber optically coupled to a fiber distribution hub and terminating at a termination port, the strand optically coupled to another termination port, the strand thus configured to provide a full duplex optical path for the GPON. A method of communication, a method of testing and a method of configuring a network are disclosed.

Abstract: In an optical system having multiple cascaded splitter/combiners, a trunk port and/or a drop port is configured for at least one of the splitter/combiner units. Drop ports may be configured with an average gain control, and the trunk ports may be configured to have individual gain control to provide a more precise overall gain and to maintain adequate signal levels. Embodiments apply to evolving RFoG architectures designed to serve a large number of subscribers without suffering from OBI (Optical Beat Interference) by retransmitting an optical signal through cascading splitters/combiners.

Abstract: A single-wavelength light path is selected between a source access node and a destination access node of a wavelength-division multiplexed optical network, including selecting an illuminated wavelength of the light path and selecting a start time and duration for a data transfer that would not interfere with other data transfers. If no start time/wavelength combination is available with duration sufficient to transport the data, an additional wavelength is automatically selected, based on modeling, that would not impair traffic being carried by other wavelengths in the network, and without a time-consuming manual process of the prior art. The scheduling process may include selecting a set of optical fibers, a wavelength, a start time and an end time to transport proposed traffic. A novel scheduler avoids checking every possible start time, thereby saving significant processing time. The scheduler schedules single-wavelength light paths, rather than relying on complex wavelength shifting schemes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a passive optical network communications method, apparatus and system. The method includes: receiving, by an optical network unit, a first message sent by an optical line terminal, where the first message carries backup wavelength channel ID information; switching, by the optical network unit when the optical network unit detects a fault, an operating wavelength channel of the optical network unit to a backup wavelength channel identified by the backup wavelength channel ID information; and performing, by the optical network unit, data communication over the switched-to backup wavelength channel. In this way, fast protection switching of a passive optical network system is implemented and reliability of the system is improved.

Abstract: Various multiple methods of data transport, and combinations thereof, may be used to initialize or update conditional access information on various devices. In an integrated device having both a broadcast receiver, such as an SDARS receiver, and a two-way communications transceiver, such as an LTE, 3G, 4G or 5G modem, or the like, conditional access information for the broadcast receiver may be sent to the transceiver, and then passed to the broadcast receiver, or vice versa. Additionally, for example, the broadcast receiver may be sent, over the broadcast communications channel, a “wake-up” message for the two-way transceiver, which message may then be passed to the two-way transceiver, so as to make it ready to receive conditional access information over the two-way communications channel, or vice versa.

Abstract: In a case where a wavelength to be assigned to a subscriber-side device, to which a downstream wavelength has been assigned, is to be changed from the currently used (Source) downstream wavelength to a different changeover target (Target) downstream wavelength, a downstream wavelength changeover instruction message that indicates the change target wavelength is generated. In a case where a wavelength to be assigned to the subscriber-side device, to which an upstream wavelength has been assigned, is to be changed from the currently used (Source) upstream wavelength to a different changeover target (Target) upstream wavelength, an upstream wavelength changeover instruction message that indicates the change target wavelength is generated. The downstream wavelength changeover instruction message and the upstream wavelength changeover instruction message are respectively independently generated, and only the wavelength for which the wavelength changeover instruction message was generated is changed.

Abstract: A system and method for performing an in-service optical time domain reflectometry test, an in-service insertion loss test, and an in-service optical frequency domain reflectometry test using a same wavelength as the network communications for point-to-point or point-to-multipoint optical fiber networks while maintaining continuity of network communications are disclosed.

Abstract: A station-side device of the present invention includes: a wavelength change instruction unit that issues, to a subscriber-side device, a wavelength change instruction to change a transfer-source wavelength assigned to the subscriber-side device to a transfer-target wavelength different from the transfer-source wavelength; a transfer-source port that transmits and receives an optical signal of the transfer-source wavelength; a transfer-target port that transmits and receives an optical signal of the transfer-target wavelength; a transfer-source port monitoring unit that detects a connection between the transfer-source port and the subscriber-side device; a transfer-target port monitoring unit that detects a connection between the transfer-target port and the subscriber-side device; a transfer-source timer that counts, at the transfer-source port, an elapsed time from a predetermined starting time in response to the wavelength change instruction, and ends the counting of the elapsed time in a case where change