Abstract: A report cover (10) is disclosed which can be used with a report (12) bound by a flexible comb binding (14). An insert (20) is bound with the report (12) in the flexible comb binding (14). The insert (20) is then fit within a pocket (38) in the back cover (28) of the cover (26). The spine or side cover (30) and front cover (32) of the cover (26) then encloses the report (12) and spiral binding (14) to provide an attractive, book-like report with spine labeling and titling for easy shelf reference. The spine also provides a space for advertising. The report cover can be used with a report that is bound with a spiral, wire loop or three ring binding also. A modified cover (100) can be formed with integral side tabs (110) and end tab (112) to form the pocket (102) without the use of adhesive or other fastener.

Abstract: A body and pouch combination including a body having a front cover and a rear cover pivotally coupled together. The front cover has a generally flat, planar outer surface having a body attachment structure located thereon. The combination includes a pouch that can cooperate with the body attachment structure to removably attach the pouch to the outer surface, the pouch having an inner storage cavity.

Abstract: A notebook device includes an intermediate connection member integrally coupled between a top and a bottom cover sheet members with folding lines. The intermediate connection member includes one or more bars and one or more straps coupled between the top and the bottom cover sheet members. The straps include a length greater than that of the bars, to form one or more curved or convex binder members between the top and the bottom cover sheet members. One or more sheet members may be attached to the intermediate connection member and retained between the top and the bottom cover sheet members with the binder member.

Abstract: An optical storage media management system and process for storing and organizing a relatively large collection of optical discs in the form of a display binder with a plurality of display sheets including associated indicia matching a positional identifier indicating the location of the disc. In one embodiment, the binder is used in conjunction with a table of contents indicating the position of individual optical discs in relation to the binder contents and a centralized database for storing optical disc information in a categorized format in cooperation with a computerized table of contents generator for generating the table of contents for the binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet-retaining system for securing sheets on a sheet carrier, in particular for securing paper sheets in a cover, having a retaining and connecting device for securing at least one sheet at the sheet edge and for connecting the at least one sheet to the sheet carrier indirectly via the retaining and connecting device. According to the invention, the retaining and connecting device has a retaining bar which is connected to the at least one sheet, may possibly be subdivided into separate sections and extends along the sheet edge which is directed towards the sheet carrier.

Abstract: An indexing system with a label display configured for connection to a stack holder for placement adjacent a stack of sheets held in the stack holder. The display has a label portion disposed in a viewing position beyond the stack and is configured for displaying label indicia thereon for identifying a section of the stack. A divider is configured for dividing the section of the stack from other sections and for mounting in the stack holder within the stack. A tab connected to the divider and positionable extending beyond the stack and over the label portion is configured to permit viewing of the indicia therethrough with the divider held in the stack holder. An indexing system package and a system for displaying indexing system packages is also disclosed.

Abstract: A binder ring clamp assembly for use with a loose leaf binders having binder rings. The assembly has a pair of clamps, each clamp having a flat panel with at least two holes for allowing the binder rings to extend therethrough. Tensioned springs are secured around the holes such that in use the springs are extended over the binder rings. The springs serve to urge the paper contained within the rings towards the center of the rings. When the binder is closed, the springs are compressed between the binder rings and the clamp assembly panels. The tension in the springs, along with the weight of the panels, exert pressure against the papers from both directions to maintaining the papers in alignment and positioned towards the center of the binder.

Abstract: A wrap-around notebook or binder includes a ring assembly with a shield and a pair of frames forming a bistable construction, and a hinge plate pivotally coupled to the shield with the outer surface of the hinge plate aligned with the outer extent of the shield/frame assembly when the hinge plate is parallel to the plane of the shield. The exposed frame member may be convex, recessed to receive rivet heads, and may be plated. The hinge plate(s) may have curls which interfit with alternate curls from the shield to provide a hinge. The ring assembly may be mounted in the notebook or binder so that the shield side of the ring assembly faces the front cover of the binder. The pivot line between the shield and the hinge plate may be spaced from the shield by a clearance distance. The notebook or binder lies flat on an underlying surface with either the front cover of the rear cover folded under the assembly.

Abstract: A single sheet report cover is folded to create a top cover sheet, a bottom cover sheet, a narrow binding margin panel extending a short distance from a spine fold, and a return panel folded under the binding margin panel at a return fold. An elongated document binder clasp is provided with a pair of mutually facing jaws that define a gap therebetween. At least one of the jaws has a hooked lip. The document binder clasp is pressed on to the portion of the document binder covering the binding margin of a stack of papers encased therewithin. The hooked lip of one of the jaws of the clasp engages the return fold and the resilient clamping force of the jaws is sufficient to prevent either the document binder or the sheets held between the top and bottom covers formed by the binder from being pulled away from the clasp.

Abstract: The document holder essentially includes a front, generally flat, rectangular cover and a back, generally flat, rectangular cover. The covers may be transparent and are joined at one corner. This may be the upper left hand corner. A clip is pivotably mounted to both the front and back covers at the corner and the clip is pivotable from an operative position wherein the papers are held between the covers by the clip and an inoperative position wherein the papers may be released from the clip. The clip is mounted to the covers via a rivet. The covers are scored adjacent the corner so that the covers may be opened as necessary and lay flat. The holder is also reversible so that it can be arranged either horizontally of vertically with the clip always in the upper left corner.

Abstract: A binder for receiving and retaining papers includes first and second strips slidably connected to one another. Each strip includes spaced-apart fingers extending upwardly therefrom. The fingers of the first and second strips are offset from one another when the first and second strips are in a closed position. The first and second strips include releasable locking catches to retain the strips in a closed position, and release tabs for selectively moving the second strip into the open position. A cover having living hinges is attached to a lower surface of the first strip. The cover may include pockets on an outer surface thereof for accepting inserts, such as file hangers or printed labels.

Abstract: A folder includes a board with one or more folding marks provided at the central position. The folding mark can separate the board into two folding panel boards. And, a folder body is provided at the inner face of a panel board adjacent to the folding mark, where a folder will take shape to hold the documents. The board is made of multi-layered sheets, with its middle layer including one or more foamed plastic layers. And, two plastic surface layers are attached to the surfaces of both sides of the middle layer. Thereupon, it is possible to enhance the ruggedness of the folder 20, reduce the manufacturing cost and offer more chromatism and diversity.

Abstract: An optical storage media management system and process for storing and organizing a relatively large collection of optical discs in the form of a display binder with a plurality of display sheets including associated indicia matching a positional identifier indicating the location of the disc. In one embodiment, the binder is used in conjunction with a table of contents indicating the position of individual optical discs in relation to the binder contents and a centralized database for storing optical disc information in a categorized format in cooperation with a computerized table of contents generator for generating the table of contents for the binder.

Abstract: An organizer for take-out menus comprises a plastic folder of a size conveniently held in one hand and stored in a kitchen drawer or like area. The folder is made of multiple layers that provide pockets for permanent insert cards that stiffen the folder and, optionally, provide decorative and/or informational data, and pockets for receiving take-out menus of various sizes and configurations in a manner that displays such menus for quick identification, retrieval, reference and return.

Abstract: A notebook including a stack of papers and a pouch having generally the same size and shape in top view as the stack of papers, the pouch including an inner cavity in which loose objects can be stored. The notebook further includes a binding mechanism binding the stack of papers and the pouch together, wherein at least part of the binding mechanism extends through the stack of papers and the pouch to bind the stack of papers and the pouch.

Abstract: A binding structure for binding together sheets of paper having multiple openings along a margin thereof is provided. The structure comprises a male connector panel having multiple openings along its edge and a female connector panel fastened to the back panel of a one-piece report cover by means of adhesive, extending adjacent and parallel to the second hinge and distanced to allow enough room for the tab-shape on the male connector panel to be inserted to the center opening of the female connector panel without interfering with the adhesion of the female connector panel to the back panel of the cover. An elongated binding element is provided extending adjacent and parallel to the margin of the sheets of paper and the male connector panel edge. The male connector panel is disposed on a bottom side of the elongated binding element. A one-piece report cover is provided having a front panel, a center spine panel, a back panel, a first hinge and a second hinge.

Abstract: In order to provide a ring file that can preferably file much more sheet of papers or leaves, a file wherein a binding member 1 constituting a ring-shaped body to file papers or leaves is mounted on a cover sheet body 2 is so arranged that a pair of hinges are arranged at predetermined positions of the ring-shaped body and a portion 112 of the rig-shaped body locating ahead of the hinge can be inclined.

Abstract: An object resembling the cover of a hardbound book comprises two panels connected by a spine. The outside hinge configuration of the invention prevents the spine from collapsing, even if there are no contents between the two panels. The invention lends itself to a wide variety of book-like products (e.g., a book-like holder for a compact disc and accompanying booklet) where the contents are of changing width (thickness) or where the spine must be of a specific width, irrespective of the width of the contents, and further allows for a binding for a book to be fabricated prior to assembly or insertion of its pages. A hinged cover consistent with the invention comprises a spine and two rigid panels, each panel coupled to the spine and disposed rotatably with respect to the spine, and the spine serves as a hinge stop for each rigid panel, such that each panel, when rotated toward the other panel, is constrained from rotating substantially beyond 90 degrees with respect to the spine.

Abstract: A page lifting device for use with loose-leaf binders containing binding rings. The leaves of the page lifter are formed from one or more stiff sheets of material or loops of stiff wire, rotatably affixed at their inner edges to an attaching member that is fixedly attached to the binding ring-base. The pivot axis between the leaves and attachment member is located close to the center of the substantially circular binder rings which, when the binder is closed, causes the page lifter leaves to envelope and lift the loose-leaf pages away from the binder spine. The page lifter leaves can contain slots or holes therein, which allow them to fit over the binder rings on closing.

Abstract: A book-marking device for marking one or more page locations in a book. The device includes a pocket having a first end, a second end, and a mid-section, the pocket being of a pocket length between the first end and the second end the pocket length being adapted to extend approximately the cover length, and an elastic strap, the elastic strap extending from the first end and terminating in a strap end, and being of a relaxed length that is approximately as long as the pocket length. The elastic strap is adapted for extending around the cover to the second end of the pocket, retaining the pocket against the cover.

Abstract: In a binder such as a window binder having two opaque thermoplastic sheets sandwiching therebetween front and rear panels, a spine panel, and an outer clear panel forming a window over the spine panel and the front and rear panels, the spine has a depression or slot for receiving a spine label without substantial friction that would inhibit the insertion and removal of the spine label. The spine panel may either be sandwiched between the two opaque sheets, or it may be disposed on the outside of both of the opaque sheets, and the slot may be either open or closed at the side that faces the label printing. When disposed on the outside of the opaque sheets, the spine panel may be colored to provide a colored spine for an otherwise white or differently colored window binder.

Abstract: A binder 10 includes a base 15 formed with through passages 14 that allow binding legs 13 to pass through respectively, movable members 16 which are mounted on this base 15 and located at positions corresponding to the through passages 14 respectively, and an operating section 17 which connects these movable members 16 to each other and operates the movable members 16. Each movable member 16 is provided so as to open/close the respective through passage 14so that, in the state that the through passage 14 is closed, a binding force is given to the binding leg 13. The movable members 16 are synchronously movable between a position where the respective through passage 14 are closed and a position where the same is opened synchronously when the operating section 17 is operated in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: A binder for papers, photographs, or other sheet-like materials is provided with a cover having one or more window openings defined therein. A flat, transparent protective sheet is located in contact with the inside surface of the binder cover and a backing sheet overlies the protective sheet. The backing sheet is secured to the peripheral margin of the protective sheet, and elsewhere as required, to delineate at least one, and preferably a plurality of pockets. The pockets are formed between the backing sheet and the protective sheet. An elongated slit in defined through the backing sheet behind each pocket created. The peripheral edges of the backing sheet are permanently secured to the inside surface of the binder cover. Photographs or other flat display materials may be inserted into the pockets formed between the backing sheet and the protective sheet through the elongated slits. The pockets are delineated so that they are aligned with the window opening in the cover.

Abstract: In addition to a set of dividers having staggered tabs and binder holes, the retail packaging includes a sheet protector pocket having a front sheet and a back sheet and binder holes. The user removes the dividers and pocket from the packaging and custom designs and prints sheet indicia on a paper sheet. He/she then inserts the printed sheet into the pocket whereby the front sheet allows the sheet indicia to be viewed therethrough. The front sheet has pre-printed indicia thereon. With the printed sheet in the pocket and the pocket and dividers assembled in a ringed notebook or other binding system, the sheet indicia and the pre-printed indicia line up with respective ones of the tabs. The indicia thereby form an attractive custom-designed table of contents, which can be easily corrected or changed by the user by simply printing and inserting into the pocket a new sheet. The front sheet can either be transparent or have a window to allow the sheet indicia to be viewed therethrough.

Abstract: A notebook including a stack of papers and a pouch having generally the same size and shape in top view as the stack of papers, the pouch including an inner cavity in which loose objects can be stored. The notebook further includes a binding mechanism binding the stack of papers and the pouch together, wherein at least part of the binding mechanism extends through the stack of papers and the pouch to bind the stack of papers and the pouch.

Abstract: A binder including a binder body including a front cover and a rear cover directly or indirectly pivotally coupled together, and a panel located on an outer surface of the binder body to thereby form a pocket between the panel and the binder body. The panel has a free edge located adjacent to a mouth of the pocket. The mouth faces an outer edge of the binder body, and the free edge of the panel is located a variable distance from the outer edge of the binder body along the length of the free edge such that the pocket has a variable width.

Abstract: A binding wrapper including a first generally stiff end component, a second generally stiff end component spaced apart from the first end component, and a connecting component extending between the first and second end components. The connecting component includes at least a portion of elastic material, and the first and second end components are releasably attachable together such that the wrapper is formable into a closed loop.

Abstract: A front and back cover of a binder are separate from one another to be attached to and bind a document. Each cover is in a form of a pocket having a spine edge opening to accept extensions of a spine cover. The spine cover is dimensioned to adapt to the thickness of the document being bound. Each front and back cover has an inside flap with openings that permit flexible prong paper fasteners to extend through these openings and through the document thereby holding each cover to the document.

Abstract: A notebook device includes an intermediate connection member integrally coupled between a top and a bottom cover sheet members with folding lines. The intermediate connection member includes one or more bars and one or more straps coupled between the top and the bottom cover sheet members. The straps include a length greater than that of the bars, to form one or more curved or convex binder members between the top and the bottom cover sheet members. One or more sheet members may be attached to the intermediate connection member and retained between the top and the bottom cover sheet members with the binder member.

Abstract: An organizer cover, comprising first and second cover panels and a spine, an external surface, at least one organizer element, and at least one concealment flap. The spine is operatively coupled between the first and second cover panels. The first and second cover panels and the spine each have an exterior. The external surface includes the exteriors of the first and second cover panels and of the spine. The organizer element is located on the external surface of the cover. The concealment flap is connected to the external surface and manually positionable between a closed position against the external surface and an open position. The concealment flap is located and configured to conceal, at least in part, the organizer element when the flap is in the closed position. Neither the external surface nor the organizer element includes thereon any means for securing the concealment flap in the closed position.

Abstract: A loose-leaf type storage device includes a pivot shaft (20), a plurality of storage cases, each storage case having a plurality of barrels axially aligned in a line at one side and respectively coupled to the pivot shaft, and a loose-leaf positioning structure provided between the pivot shaft and the storage cases for enabling the storage cases to be turned about the pivot shaft and selectively positioned in one of a series of angles.

Abstract: The invention provides a shield for use on at least a portion of the exterior of a ring binder. The shield can have a hardness greater than the underlying panel of the binder. In some embodiments, at least a portion of a ring mechanism is mounted on an exterior side of the binder to act as the shield. For example, the chassis of the ring mechanism can be mounted on an exterior surface of the binder while at least one ring extends through an aperture in the binder to the interior side of the binder. Particularly, the chassis can be coupled to a mounting surface on the exterior surface of the binder's spine panel.

Abstract: A notebook (1) includes a base (2) having a front side and a rear side, as well as first retaining device (10) disposed at a first distance (8) from a first peripheral edge (4) for securing a writing medium (18) of a first size to the front side of the base (2). At a second distance (20) from the first peripheral edge (4) of the base (2), second retaining device is provided, which is used to fasten a second individual writing medium (26), in the form of a sheet, having a different size than the first writing medium (18). The first retaining device includes a first strip (10) of thin material which, within the span of the first distance (8), extends from a first side edge (12) to a second side edge (14), substantially in parallel to the first peripheral edge (4) of the base (2) in such a way that the corresponding edge (16) of the first writing medium (18) is slideable underneath the first strip (10), in order to secure the same to the base (2).

Abstract: A portable carrier for containing, using, displaying, protecting and modifying blueprints in an outdoor working environment. The Blueprint Caddy (“Caddy”) includes a removable and durable plastic or polyethylene cover, affixed by means of two detachable pin hinges, which allows for both the protection of any prospective blueprints and easy alterations or amendments to same by means of a wax pencil. The back of the Caddy is constructed with a storage area allowing for the safe and convenient storage of the cover when its use is not desired. The Caddy is equipped with two plastic lock down elongated clamps which fit into channeled grooves of the Caddy to support and restrain blueprints of either twenty-four or thirty-six inches in length with a wrap around storage slot to slide unwanted pages of any blueprints utilized. The top of the Caddy is constructed with two small contained storage areas for carrying wax pencils or other writing materials, erasers, cloths, etc.

Abstract: In a binder such as a window binder having two opaque thermoplastic sheets sandwiching therebetween front and rear panels, a spine panel, and an outer clear panel forming a window over the spine panel and the front and rear panels, the spine has a depression or slot for receiving a spine label without substantial friction that would inhibit the insertion and removal of the spine label. The spine panel may either be sandwiched between the two opaque sheets, or it may be disposed on the outside of both of the opaque sheets, and the slot may be either open or closed at the side that faces the label printing. When disposed on the outside of the opaque sheets, the spine panel may be colored to provide a colored spine for an otherwise white or differently colored window binder.

Abstract: The binder comprises two faces, a back and two flaps respectively extending a face and adapted to be folded to close the binder, an external envelope of plastic material, a ring mechanism fixed inside the back, and a magnetic closure arranged on the flaps, this magnetic closure being constituted by a magnet positioned in a housing of the plastic envelope defining a flap, and a metallic plate positioned in a housing of the envelope defining the second flap. The plate and the magnet have identical dimensions and a placed so that their perimeters coincide to be applied one against the other.

Abstract: A notebook including a plurality of sheets of paper, a binding mechanism binding the plurality of sheets together; and a cover bound to the plurality of sheets of paper by the binding mechanism. The cover includes first and second opposed panels coupled together and having a hinge line extending between the opposed panels. The cover includes a lower panel fixedly coupled to and facially abutting at least one of the panels to form a pocket therebetween.

Abstract: The cover of a binder is provided with a coating which is receptive to inks which are water based, solvent based or gel based, and which is substantially water-fast after the ink has dried. A coated transparent sheet may be provided on the front cover of the binder to form a pocket so that visual material inserted in the pocket may be traced, and so that the cover may be personalized. The coating may include porous pigment and a binder which includes as a component a water soluble polymer.

Abstract: A binder including a front cover, a rear cover directly or indirectly coupled to the front cover, and a gusset extending generally between the front and rear covers. The pocket further includes a pocket located on an outer surface of the binder, the pocket at least partially overlapping with at least part of the gusset.

Abstract: In order to provide a ring file that can preferably file much more sheet of papers or leaves, a file wherein a binding member 1 constituting a ring-shaped body to file papers or leaves is mounted on a cover sheet body 2 is so arranged that a pair of hinges are arranged at predetermined positions of the ring-shaped body and a portion 112 of the rig-shaped body locating ahead of the hinge can be inclined.

Abstract: A binder assembly and manufacturing process thereof includes a front cover, a back cover, a spine, and openings in the assembly for the purpose of placing windows inside the front cover and spine. The front cover, back cover and spine define the space for holding loose-leaf pages. The openings in the front cover and spine define the space for placing loose papers into the front cover and spine. Pockets are included on the inside of the binder assembly for securing additional loose-leaf papers. Manufacturing processes of the binder assembly include methods in which the same material is used for all components and in which different materials are used to manufacture various components in the same process.

Abstract: A notebook, folio, and divider with an integrated writing instrument holder. The notebook and folio have a back cover that extends beyond a front cover and may have a plurality of sheets positioned between the front cover and back cover by at least a width of a writing instrument defining a support for the writing instrument holder. The writing instrument holder can be integrally-formed into the support or attached to the support by sewing stitches. The writing instrument holder is formed from a flexible material to allow adequate expansion for accommodating larger writing instruments. The back cover may also have a closure tab, with a writing instrument holder, integrally formed with the back cover for maintaining the notebook in a closed position.

Abstract: In a binder such as a window binder having two opaque thermoplastic sheets sandwiching therebetween front and rear panels and a spine panel and an outer clear thermoplastic panel forming a window over at least the spine, the outer surface of the spine panel has a depression formed in it such that the spine is thicker or otherwise raised near its vertical edges, and thinner or otherwise depressed between the raised portions. The opaque sheet covering the outward face of the spine panel is sufficiently flexible so as to deflect inwardly into the depression in the spine panel. The deflection of the thermoplastic sheet into the spine depression allows a spine label to be inserted into the pocket between the thermoplastic sheet with relatively little force.

Abstract: A document case includes a first side panel, a second side panel, and a central section panel. The central section panel joins the first side panel and the second side panel such that the panels may be brought into a facing and spaced apart relationship. A closure can couple the panels and hold them in the facing relationship. An expandable file module with a plurality of interconnected pockets is attached to the first side panel.

Abstract: A report cover (10) is disclosed which can be used with a report (12) bound by a flexible comb binding (14). An insert (20) is bound with the report (12) in the flexible comb binding (14). The insert (20) is then fit within a pocket (38) in the back cover (28) of the cover (26). The spine or side cover (30) and front cover (32) of the cover (26) then encloses the report (12) and spiral binding (14) to provide an attractive, book-like report with spine labeling and titling for easy shelf reference. The spine also provides a space for advertising. The report cover can be used with a report that is bound with a spiral, wire loop or three ring binding also. A modified cover (100) can be formed with integral side tabs (110) and end tab (112) to form the pocket (102) without the use of adhesive or other fastener.

Abstract: A display device such as a folder, binder or book includes transparent envelope pages for display of material and a support that is deployable to brace the covers of the device inside out in a triangular configuration that is capable of supporting relatively heavy displays from the apex of the triangle so formed.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a ring binder assembly that includes a cover, a ring mechanism and a means to removably secure the cover to the ring mechanism. The removable securing means includes a pair of removable rivets. The removable rivets may in a first embodiment include a pair of resilient tail members that can be pinched together in order to pass through openings in the cover and the ring mechanism. The resilient tail members tend to have a diameter larger then the openings such that when the resilient tail members pass through the openings, the resilient tail members return to their larger diameter configuration. This permits a consumer or user with the ability to disassemble the components of the ring binder assembly and interchange these components with new components similarly configured. The user may then customize and personalize the ring binder assembly to their own specifications.

Abstract: A document or manuscript cover and/or holder has an extension above the document inserted into the cover so that, if it is in a file without other documents on top, it can be read like a book without removing it from the file. Even if there are other documents filed on top of the document in the cover, the documents on top need only be rolled back because space provided between the file clips that hold the documents in the file, on the one hand, and the document to be read, on the other hand, permits the documents on top to be rolled back so that the document in the cover can be read without removing it from the file and without the other documents being in the way. This is particularly important when the document within the cover is printed on both sides of the page because it can still be read like a book.

Abstract: A spiral coil is used when stacking a plurality of sheets each having a plurality of holes punched at a constant pitch, and binding the sheets by inserting the spiral coil therethrough. The spiral coil has a different pitch from that between the holes of the sheets. The spiral coil may be densely wound or have a different pitch from that of the sheets. A bookbinding device is prepared for inserting the spiral coil through the holes in the sheets. The bookbinding device has the same pitch as that between the holes, and has an engaging portion at an end thereof for engagement with the spiral coil. The bookbinding device is inserted through the holes such that the spiral coil follows it and is plastically deformed, thereby binding the sheet. The spiral coil after the plastic deformation is held at a pitch after the deformation.

Abstract: A ring binder adapted to be secured to an article by at least one integral rivet, the ring binder comprising a substantially rigid integral upper plate supporting a pair of pivotable lower plates to which a plurality of ring members are mounted, the rivet comprising (1) a barrel that is in direct engagement with the upper plate and (2) a plurality of claws for securing the article, wherein at least 75% of said claws extend away from a longitudinal axis of the barrel. Also disclosed is a rivet adapted to secure a ring binder to an article, the rivet comprising (1) a barrel for engaging the ring binder and (2) a plurality of claws for securing the article, wherein at least a majority of the claws generally extend away from a longitudinal axis of the barrel.