Abstract: An order picker truck includes an extendible mast, and a load platform slidably fixed relative to the extendible mast. An operator platform is slidably fixed relative to the load platform, and a load former is fixed to the operator platform. The load former defines a volume over a portion of the load platform to guide an operator building the load and stabilize the load on the load platform.

Abstract: A method and system for sharing robotic mechanisms between physically remote storage libraries in an automated storage library system includes routing robotic mechanism guide structures between the storage libraries. The guide structures run through robotic mechanism transfer ports located on the sides of the housing enclosures of the storage libraries. A robotic mechanism within an first storage library moves through the transfer port of the enclosure of the first storage library onto the guide structure. The robotic mechanism then moves out of the enclosure of the first storage library along the guide structure towards a second storage library. The robotic mechanism then moves along the guide structure through the transfer port of the enclosure of the second storage library and into the second storage library for performing operations such as accessing media objects within the second storage library.

Abstract: A method and system for sharing robotic mechanisms between physically remote storage libraries in an automated storage library system includes routing robotic mechanism guide structures between the storage libraries. The guide structures run through robotic mechanism transfer ports located on the sides of the housing enclosures of the storage libraries. A robotic mechanism within an first storage library moves through the transfer port of the enclosure of the first storage library onto the guide structure. The robotic mechanism then moves out of the enclosure of the first storage library along the guide structure towards a second storage library. The robotic mechanism then moves along the guide structure through the transfer port of the enclosure of the second storage library and into the second storage library for performing operations such as accessing media objects within the second storage library.

Abstract: A fully mechanical gripper for grasping and releasing data cassette cartridges is disclosed. The gripper may be built into a robotic picker, or may be implemented as an adapter to be fitted to an existing robotic picker. When used as an adapter, the present invention provides the added functionality of allowing a single robotic picker to carry different sized tapes by connecting and disconnecting itself to the adapter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a storage arrangement (15) and a storage receptacle (10) for objects (1), wherein the storage arrangement (15) has a storage device (14) with at least one storage shaft (14.1, 14.2) containing several storage spaces (13) arranged on top of each other, and a delivery device (34) for the short-term reception of the objects (1). The storage arrangement (15) furthermore has a transport device (16) with an object carrier (36), and has a vertical displacement device (40), a horizontal rotating device (38) and a horizontal displacement device (42) for displacing the object carrier (36) between the delivery device (34) and the storage spaces (13). The objects always take up the same angle in respect to the vertical line, wherein a base surface of the objects is preferably horizontally oriented. The storage receptacle (10) consists of a storage cabinet (12) and an integrated storage arrangement (15).

Abstract: An autonomous remote controlled vehicle for use in the automation of an existing refrigerated flow through storage facility food processing application. The remote vehicle is specifically designed to operate within a network of centrally controlled remote vehicles that are adapted to receive selectable items from production and temporarily store them for later retrieval. The system is adapted to minimize travel time for the remote vehicle and optimize cycle time. The system is specifically adapted to handle cardboard shipping boxes containing meat products.

Abstract: One embodiment of a picking tool for an automated library of disk drives has an electromagnet, a tapered hole, and a ventilation system. The ventilation system has a box fan with an impeller for moving air through ducting located within the picking tool. The ducting includes a vents located adjacent to one surface of the picking tool. The picking tool is designed to work in conjunction with a disk drive carrier having a front bezel equipped with a tapered guide pin that is complementary to the tapered hole, and vent ports. The guide pin provides alignment between the carrier and the picking tool. The automated disk drive library has a rack with drawers for containing the carriers. The picking tool is mounted to a robotic arm for selectively engaging and interfacing with the carriers. After the picking tool aligns with a desired carrier, the picking tool moves toward the carrier to insert the guide pin into the tapered hole.

Abstract: Substances having useful pharmacological properties are identified by candidate screeners and screening methods. The substances may be incorporated into medicaments. The substances may have modulating activity with respect to pre-defined molecular targets.

Abstract: An upper cart 12 and a lower cart 2 have running motors 4, 14, respectively, for controlling these carts in a manner overlapping each other on a vertical line. A mast 18 is formed into a truss structure, and an elevating platform 20 has a slide fork a load on which is supported on a shelf support of a rack. The present invention provides a light stacker crane operating at a high speed.

Abstract: An easily installed inter-row transfer unit is disclosed employing a movable cartridge bin assembly suspended via linkage from a pair of bearing blocks, wherein the resulting bin assembly carriage travels horizontally along a support housing extending between front-to-back arrangements of rows of library systems, to enable expansion of the library systems into very large mass storage systems. The pair of bearing blocks of the bin assembly carriage are spread or closed to respectively raise or lower the bin assembly from or into a respective library system. Thus, vertical as well as horizontal motions of the bearing blocks are controlled by a motor/cable drum drive device secured to the support housing. In a preferred embodiment, a trapdoor mechanism and a cooperating roller support mechanism are used to enable reversing the direction of horizontal translation of the bin assembly carriage with a single motor/cable drum drive device. Various other embodiments and modifications are illustrated.

Abstract: A reticle transfer system includes a fork arm for withdrawing a reticle from a reticle cassette and transferring the reticule to a predetermined position, a linear carrier for temporarily holding the reticle transferred by the fork arm, and a position sensor for detecting the position of the reticle on the fork arm. The position sensor can detect an abnormal loading state of the reticle to prevent the reticle from being damaged. Additionally, an unpredictable error in a linear carrier can be prevented when the reticle is transferred from the fork arm to the linear carrier.

Abstract: Pulse encoders (21) are linked to motors (16) in driven travel support devices positioned in the opposite outside portions of a movable rack travel path (trackless) in a transverse direction to the travel path, and a movable rack controller (41) is provided for controlling drive rotation amounts of the motors (16), based on pulse signals from pulse encoders (21). That controller (41) finds travel distances of the driven travel support devices by counting the pulses from the pulse encoders (21), and, when a difference occurs in pulse counts, the controller finds predicted travel distances for the driven travel support devices expected in a certain period of time, based on the travel distances, and performs a movable rack deviation (inclination) correcting control to control speeds (drive rotation amounts) of the motors (16) to eliminate a deviation between the predicted travel distances.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to reduce the number of shelves for supporting articles in an article storage system for storage of articles such as containers. The storage system includes a shelf 12 for supporting a container 2 having an engaging means 8 formed at an upper portion thereof. The storage system also includes a loader/unloader 4 for loading the container 2 on and unloading it from the shelf 12. The shelf 12 includes a deck 20 formed on the upper side thereof, on which the container 2 can be placed. The shelf 12 also includes a pair of right and left engaging parts 16 formed on the lower side thereof for engaging with the engaging means 8 of the container 2 to hold the container 2 hanging from the shelf 12. The engaging means 8 and the pair of engaging parts 16 can engage with and disengage from each other in the directions in which the container 2 can be loaded and unloaded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for storing spools 3, especially filament spools, comprising several spool carriers 2. According to the invention, the spools 3 are stored with an upright spool axis 6 in a shelf storage unit 1 with horizontal shelf compartments 17 for receiving individually movable spool carriers.

Abstract: An arrangement for exchanging empty bobbins with full bobbins includes a creel having lateral delivery positions for holding filament-carrying bobbins for delivery of filaments to a textile machine. Disposed above the creel is a bobbin carrier which has several transport positions for bobbins and is moveably guided in a rail for travel in suspended disposition along a travel path. Transfer units are positioned on either side of the creel for transferring bobbins between the creel and the bobbin carrier and include an upright moveable along the creel and at least one support moveable along the upright and having receptacles for the bobbins. The receptacles are moveable horizontally relative to the support, wherein the delivery positions of the creel that neighbor the transfer unit are provided at a number and at a distance which corresponds to a number of and a vertical distance of the transport positions on the bobbin carrier.

Abstract: A overhead transport system with load-bearing members, in particular transverse bars for attachment of loads, includes running rails which extend in at least two horizontal planes in spaced-apart, parallel disposition, and at least one crane which travels in an upper one of the planes transversely to the running rails for transfer of the load-bearing members from one running rail to another running rail. In order to provide the overhead transport system in a cost-efficient manner with two production or treatment planes while yet saving time as far as transfer of the load-bearing members is concerned, the transfer of the load-bearing members in a lower one of the planes is realized by at least one self-propelled transfer vehicle which travels transversely to the running rails.

Abstract: A self-service kiosk having a walk-in enclosure, interactive selection panel, multi-section inventory storage area for dispensing items and accepting returns. User selections are entered via instructions entered at an interactive panel containing a selection menu of graphical icons and messages. A programmable controller monitors entered identification data and payments to control the dispensing and return of selected items from assigned storage locations via X-Y-Z track driven, transfer and end effect assemblies. Associated software manages payment transactions via a bill receiver, coin changer, credit card verifier, and receipt printer and develops associated administrative inventory status reports. One end effect includes a hook that interconnects to storage trays. The end effect extends and retracts the trays onto a support platform and conveys the trays and items back and forth from the storage space.

Abstract: An autonomous remote controlled vehicle for use in the automation of an existing refrigerated flow through storage facility food processing application. The remote vehicle is specifically designed to operate within a network of centrally controlled remote vehicles that are adapted to receive selectable items from production and temporarily store them for later retrieval. The system is adapted to minimize travel time for the remote vehicle and optimize cycle time. The system is specifically adapted to handle cardboard shipping boxes containing meat products.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically transferring and handling cartridges containing flat articles. The method and apparatus robotically transfers filled cartridges from the output compartments of a sorting machine to a buffer shelf; and from the buffer shelf to a docking station of a cartridge unloader and automatic feeder to the input of the sorting machine, and for transferring empty cartridges from the docking station to either the buffer or the output compartments of the sorter, is provided.

Abstract: A storage system is disclosed which utilizes an array of at least three storage columns, each including a plurality of storage spaces. A primary automation system, which includes a robotic end effector for engaging objects to be stored, carrying objects into and removing objects from the storage spaces. A secondary automation system moves at least one of the storage columns as needed to create a travel space for the robotic end effector, thereby permitting ready access to all of the storage locations in the system.

Abstract: An automated data storage system which comprises one or more robotic accessors movably disposed therein, each such accessor including a revolving memory buffer and a velocity control program, wherein the velocity control program stores operational data regarding the gripping and pivot mechanisms disposed on the accessor. A method to diagnose the cause of an accessor failure by downloading and analyzing the operational data stored on the defective accessor's revolving memory buffer.

Abstract: Each of the lower cart 4 and the upper cart 5 of the stacker crane 2 are loaded with running motors 8, 9, and are synchronized with one another and are ran. The elevating platform 18 is elevated and descended by employing the mast 10 between the carts 4, 5. The mast 10 is attached to the lower cart 4 in the running direction, freely swinging, and is attached to the upper cart 5, freely swinging in the running direction and freely shifting in the lower direction.

Abstract: An upper cart 12 and a lower cart 2 have running motors 4, 14, respectively, for controlling these carts in a manner overlapping each other on a vertical line. A mast 18 is formed into a truss structure, and an elevating platform 20 has a slide fork a load on which is supported on a shelf support of a rack. The present invention provides a light stacker crane operating at a high speed.

Abstract: Case handling magazines and robot end effector for an automated storage and retrieval system in a warehouse include comb shelves for holding individual cases of goods. The case handling magazines are transported by conventional automated pallet handling stacker cranes and transfer cars. The magazine comb shelves and robot end effector have load carrying teeth spaced apart along the length of the shelves. The magazines include storage magazines for holding cases in conventional storage bays and transfer magazines for transferring cases to and from the storage magazines. The comb shelves of the storage magazines and transfer magazines are complementary with one another and enable the teeth of the comb shelves to intermesh with each other for transferring cases from a loaded comb shelf to an empty comb shelf. The robot end effector and some magazines include movable comb shelf segments that enable the selective transfer of all or less than all the cases on the loaded comb shelf to the unloaded comb shelf.

Abstract: The invention provides exemplary systems, devices and methods for manipulating and handling multi-well plates. In one exemplary embodiment, a system is provided which comprises a robot having a base member and at least one arm. The arm includes a grasping mechanism which is adapted to grasp the plate. Further, the grasping mechanism is configured to receive the plate in a repeatable and known location such that the location of each well relative to the grasping mechanism is known by the robot.

Abstract: In order to provide an automated warehouse having high space utilization efficiency, high floor area utilization efficiency, and high loading/unloading efficiency and a method of managing the warehouse, a transfer unit is placed above a stocking area, a holding unit of the transfer unit can move three-dimensionally, and an elevating unit of the transfer unit, which holds a stock object and raises/lowers it, raises/lowers a stock object without making it roll. This transfer unit holds a stock object in a loading area, and transfers the loaded stock object over stock objects stored in the stocking area. The transfer unit then lowers this stock object from above and stacks it flat or on another stock object. When an object is to be unloaded, the transfer unit holds the stock object from above and transfers it to an unloading area through the air.

Abstract: A two way operated storage system including a container storage area in the form of a multi-rack, multi-tier rotary storage carousel, a vertical lift for transporting containers vertically to a shuttle that transfers containers to and from the storage carousel. Storage carousel is supported on two straight tracks separated by a non-supporting distance. The rotary storage carousel and the shuttle are mechanically and synchronously interlocked such that the storage system can be operated in two different directions.

Abstract: A work transport system having an overhead travelling carriage that runs along a rail arranged near the ceiling, arranged with a storage rack member upon which work may be loaded, between the floor and the rail. As the storage rack member upon which work may be loaded is arranged between the floor and the rail, the space of the processing station and floor may be decreased and the transfer time of the work by the overhead travelling carriage may be reduced.

Abstract: This transfer device is to be supported by the tines of a forklift and supports a load such as a lumber pack to be transferred to a rack cell which have an anchor bar at its opening. The device comprises an underframe having tine receivers, and a mainframe which is movable with respect to the underframe towards the cell opening and which has hooks to hook onto said anchor bar. Said mainframe has rollers on which the load is supported. The system is motorized; first, the load remains centered with respect to the underframe when the mainframe is first shifted laterally of the forklift to hook onto the anchor upper bar of a selected rack cell because the frame rollers rotate in a direction opposite to the shifting direction; then the mainframe rollers rotate in the opposite direction to transfer the load into the rack cell.

Abstract: In an installation for the storage of objects, in particular for boats (8), numerous cells (1) are arranged next to and/or above each other for the accommodation of an object, in particular of a boat (8).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically transferring and handling cartridges containing flat articles. The method and apparatus robotically transfers filled cartridges from the output compartments of a sorting machine to a buffer shelf; and from the buffer shelf to a docking station of a cartridge unloader and automatic feeder to the input of the sorting machine, and for transferring empty cartridges from the docking station to either the buffer or the output compartments of the sorter, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved stacking and retrieving warehouse system that eliminates the use of expensive pallets. A storage and retrieval machine moves along floor tracks and top guide tubes between the racks in a warehouse. A carriage platform moves vertically along vertical masts of the storage and retrieval machine until it is aligned with the rack to be entered. Rails within the carriage align with rails within the racks, allowing the wheels of the rack entry vehicle to pass from the storage and retrieval machine into the racks. Vertical arms suspended from a lifting/lowering horizontal support member pack up goods stored on a pedestal within the racks. The good are picked up from the racks by the vertical arms of the rack entry vehicle and deposited on a pedestal within the carriage. The storage and retrieval machine transports the goods to a location to be deposited, stored, retrieved or unloaded.

Abstract: A warehousing system includes a multistory building having at least one lower floor, at least one upper floor located above the lower floor, opposed pairs of rack members disposed on the upper floor, and an aisle formed between each of the pairs of the rack members. Each pair of the rack members has two opposed horizontal guide rails respectively formed thereon at two sides of the aisle. A hole is formed in the upper floor at the aisle to intercommunicate respectively with the lower floor. A conveying device is disposed movably on the horizontal guide rails. The conveying device includes a translation device having a base bridging the aisle and connected slidably to the horizontal guide rails, a driving device disposed on the base for driving the base to move along the horizontal guide rails in a first direction, a holding apparatus mounted on the base and adapted for holding an article to be conveyed, and an elevator apparatus disposed on the base for raising and lowering the holding apparatus from the base.

Abstract: A plurality of subsidiary transport paths are disposed crossing a main transport path, for transferring a workpiece. A stocker is disposed at each cross point between the main transport path and each of the subsidiary transport paths. The stocker transfers the workpiece to and from the main transport path and a corresponding subsidiary transport path and temporarily stocks the workpiece. A plurality of processing apparatuses are disposed corresponding to each of the subsidiary transport paths. The processing apparatus receives the workpiece transported on a corresponding subsidiary transport path, processes it, and returns it to the corresponding subsidiary transport path. An efficient transport as a whole can be realized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cargo container storage and retrieval system and method. One embodiment of a system according to the present invention includes a vessel having cargo hold with a plurality of bulkheads disposed along a width of the cargo hold to define a plurality of adjacent cells along a length of the cargo hold. The cargo hold is also equipped with a plurality of tiers along a depth of the cargo hold. The vessel also includes a deck having a plurality of hatch openings that are used to gain access to the cargo hold. In addition, the vessel includes a storage and retrieval system having a plurality of sets of parallel spaced tracks and a plurality of chassis seats disposed within each set of parallel space tracks.

Abstract: Machine for handling objects such as raw materials, semifinished products, finished parts, and in particular metal sheets or the like, comprising: a portal comprising two uprights and a transverse beam and mounted on a movable carriage with drive means, a crossmember that can move up and down the said uprights and is connected to the latter as well as to lifting means; and two tracks, mounted at right angles to the said crossmember, in which two prongs with drive means can travel back and forth; the said means of lifting the said movable crossmember comprise two screws arranged parallel to each of the said uprights, each screw being engaged in a nut arranged at one end of and with its axis perpendicular to the said crossmember, and each screw being provided with drive means, and also a pallet that is especially suitable for use in the said machine.

Abstract: Wafer handling apparatus includes a plurality of holding stations arranged in an upstream-to-downstream order and devices to treat the wafers held at the stations. Cyclically operative wafer shifting devices engage the wafers, simultaneously remove the engaged wafers during that cycle from the holding stations, shift the engaged wafers downstream relative to said holding stations and then simultaneously redeposit the wafers onto the holding stations. Thus, each wafer redeposited on a cycle of the wafer shifting devices is disposed at a holding station downstream from the holding station occupied by such wafer before that cycle of the shifting devices. Wafer supply and removal devices are provided for introducing and removing the wafers to and from the holding stations after they are treated. A method of handling wafers among a plurality of holding stations is also disclosed.

Abstract: An integrated data cartridge import/export device controls the operation of both a closure door mechanism and a cartridge media carrier. Each of these two mechanisms are functionally coupled to one another and are driven by a single drive motor, thus simplifying the design and minimizing parts. Further, these two devices interact to insure necessary operational relationships are maintained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically sorting and feeding flat articles. The method stacks flat articles into cartridges in output compartments of a sorting machine, robotically transfers filled cartridges from the output compartments of a sorting machine to a buffer shelf; and from the buffer shelf to a docking station of a cartridge unloader and automatic feeder to the input of the sorting machine, and for transferring empty cartridges from the docking station to either the buffer or the output compartments of the sorter.

Abstract: A system for moving watercraft for storage inside a dry stack watercraft storage facility. The system includes a frame assembly, a cradle assembly and a rack assembly which closely interact with each other to precisely and securely position and protect watercraft stored inside the facility. The cradle assembly lifts a watercraft from the watercraft's center of gravity to position in the rack assembly. The rack assembly supports the watercraft through a pair of cantilever beams, and further includes a pair of cable guides used to guide the cradle assembly in the placement of the watercraft on the cantilever beams and to reduce the sway present during the positioning of the watercraft. The frame assembly supports and protects the other assemblies.

Abstract: An integrated intrabay buffer, delivery, and stocker system including a pair of shuttles, capable, by themselves, of transferring a pod in an X-Z plane between the interbay transport system, the I/O ports of various process tools and a plurality of storage shelves provided along the wall of the tool bay. Advantageously, the present invention integrates together the process tools within a tool bay by providing a single transport mechanism shared by each tool, and by providing a single, large storage and buffer area for pods that is shared by each tool. This increases reliability and flexibility, and simplifies the hardware and software control. Additionally, the storage shelves may be provided above some or all of the process tools within the tool bay. Such an arrangement offers a substantially greater number of spaces to store a pod as compared to conventional tool bays.

Abstract: An assembly for storage and retrieval of materials consisting of a right gantry carrying track, a left gantry carrying track in parallel alignment with the right gantry carrying track, a right column, a left column, right column mounting means rollably mounting the right column upon the right gantry carrying track, left column mounting means rollably mounting the left column upon the left gantry carrying track, a lift beam having cantilevered lift arms fixedly attached thereto, lift beam mounting means mounting the lift beam upon the left and right columns so that the lift beam may be upwardly and downwardly moved, storage rack carrying tracks positioned between the gantry carrying tracks in parallel alignment, storage racks, and storage rack mounting means rollably mounting the storage racks upon the storage rack carrying tracks.

Abstract: A system for picking particular articles, by using a receiving box, out of many articles held on article shelves in order to handle articles at high speeds, highly efficiently and highly reliably in a physical distribution management system.

Abstract: An active high volume storage and retrieval system provides an improved accumulator and package transfer devices. The storage and retrieval system includes a storage carousel having a plurality of spaced apart, horizontal storage tiers and a lift having a plurality of article supports for supporting articles to be delivered to or to be received from the storage carousel. A first conveyor is provided which delivers articles to the article supports of the lift assembly. A second conveyor is provided which receives articles from the article supports of the lift assembly. A first article transfer device is disposed adjacent the lift, which includes a plurality of injection pushers for pushing containers from the storage supports of the lift onto storage tiers of the carousel. A second article transfer device disposed adjacent the carousel. The second article transfer device includes a driver beam and a plurality of ejection pushers, with each ejection pusher aligned with one of the article supports.

Abstract: A storage rack is loaded and unloaded from the top with pallets carrying articles to be stored in and retrieved from the rack. The rack consists of a series of spaced columns arranged in parallel rows defining wells accessible from the top; the columns have vertically spaced, upwardly facing sets of steps protruding to an equal extent towards the centre of the wells. A crane is horizontally movable over the rack and stoppable above a selected well; it has a hoisting block which can be lowered between and guided by the columns of the selected well; a pair of hooks are pivoted to the hoisting block for movement towards and away from each other between opened and closed position; a pair of Z-shaped pallet holding beams adapted to carry a series of pallets aligned in end to end relation are suspended from the hooks and clear the steps when in closed position.

Abstract: Process for loading spool pegs (10) of a spool rack (11) or the like with full yarn spools (12) set by a loading device (13) onto superimposed horizontally arranged pegs (16) of a transport carriage (15), which is moved by a drive motor (23) on a rail between the loading device (13) and the rack (11) and positioned with a sensor in front of the rack (11) in a predetermined position, wherein the carriage pegs (16) and the pegs (10) of the rack (11) are aligned. In order to avoid time-consuming and complicated setting operations, the process is performed so that the sensor (25) is set at the level of a peg tier (b) of the rack (11), that the travel segments (e.g. x1) of the transport carriage (15) are stored during its travels, that sensor signals triggered by the rack pegs (10) are stored in relation to the travel segments (e.g. x1), and that the transport carriage (15) is steered into its spool transfer position via the stored sensor signals.

Abstract: A storage and retrieval machine comprises a base, a carriage, and a control system. The control system is used to control the movement of the carriage in the vertical direction and/or the movement of the base in the horizontal direction. The control system includes at least one encoder and at least one optical distance meter. The encoder provides relative position information during a middle portion of the SRM trajectory, i.e., during the implementation of a feedback control scheme. The optical distance meter provides absolute position information to the control system at an endpoint of the SRM trajectory, i.e., to verify that the SRM has in fact reached its destination. If the control system controls both the movement of the carriage and the movement of the base, then two encoders and two optical distance meters are used.

Abstract: There are used article display shelves each comprising a plurality of article storing compartments arranged vertically and laterally, the article storing compartments each holding a plurality of articles in a front-declined state, and the articles in each article storing compartment are held by means of a stopper, the stopper being capable of moving between an article holding position for inhibiting free fall of article and an article release position for permitting free fall of article. On the premise that money is paid, a bucket is conveyed to a position where a desired article is to be dropped from the article storing compartment which holds the article, and the position of the stopper is shifted to the article release position by an operation performed on the bucket side. As a result, the desired article is put into the bucket, which bucket is then conveyed up to an article take-out port. In this way the sale of article is effected.

Abstract: A system for "refueling" an electric vehicle includes a traction battery on a tray that is slidably disposed in a battery compartment of the vehicle and that is electrically connected to the traction motor of the vehicle. When the battery is depleted, the vehicle stops at an energy replenishment center which stores charged replacement traction batteries. The traction battery is electrically disengaged from the motor and the tray in the vehicle is slid out of the vehicle onto a dolly or into a receptacle of a carousel. Then, the replacement battery tray, which is disposed on another dolly or in another receptacle of the carousel, is juxtaposed with the battery compartment and slid into the compartment. Next, the fresh battery is electrically engaged with the motor, and the vehicle quickly resumes its journey. The depleted battery is recharged at the energy replenishment center and reused on a subsequent vehicle.

Abstract: A tilt and height indicator for a forklift truck including a tape reel connected to the forks of the forklift to sense their relative height. An indicator panel includes plural sets of indicators, with each set indicating when the forks are in a proper pre-programmed position, just above, or just below this position, or well above or well below this position. The plural indicators may each be programmed to independent heights which are within the range of indicated heights for another indicator, such that infinitesimal differences in shelf heights may be accounted for. All indicators may be active at the same time, or the operator may change to a separate mode in which only a chosen indicator set is active. The present invention also includes a tilt sensor in the form of a rod connected to the piston of the tilt cylinder and adjustably mounting a magnet. A sensor box is mounted on the cylinder and includes a plurality of spaced Hall-effect transistors.