Abstract: Described is a selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprising an iron-promoted 8-ring small pore molecular sieve. Systems and methods for using these iron-promoted 8-ring small molecular sieves as catalysts in a variety of processes such as abating pollutants in exhaust gases and conversion processes are also described.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a saddle-ride type vehicle that can make it hard for the heat of a catalyst body to be transmitted to an external plate of a muffler. A catalyst body is installed in a muffler. An exhaust system has a tubular case covering the outer circumferential surface of the catalyst body along from the exhaust gas inlet to outlet of the catalyst body. The catalyst body is secured at its inlet-side end portion to one end portion of the case and the catalyst body is supported at its outlet-side end portion by the other end portion of the case. The case is supported at its outer circumferential surface by the front end portion of the muffler.

Abstract: An SDPF (SCR on Diesel Particular Filter) includes a porous filter collecting PM (Particulate Materials) of diesel exhaust gas, an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst layer coated on an exhaust gas inlet of the filter, an aluminum oxide layer coated on an exhaust gas outlet of the filter, and a precious metal catalyst layer coated on the surface of the aluminum oxide layer, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to materials that can be used for gas (e.g., CO2) capture, methods of making materials, methods of capturing gas (e.g., CO2), and the like.

Abstract: A reverse flow hydrocarbon trap is provided that improves the conversion of hydrocarbons present in the exhaust gases of a vehicle to more environmentally benign compounds during cold engine starts. The trap includes a substrate having at least one exhaust gas passage therethrough, with the walls of the exhaust gas passage including a hydrocarbon trapping material and an oxidative catalyst. The substrate includes an inlet for hot exhaust gas from a vehicle engine and an outlet for the exhaust gas and further includes an inlet channel, an outlet channel, and an intermediate channel through which exhaust gas flows. The intermediate channel is oriented such that the flow of exhaust gas through the exhaust gas passage is reversed from the direction of flow in the inlet and outlet channels to improve the performance of the hydrocarbon trap.

Abstract: A filter for treating CO2 from a CO2-emitting industrial plant, takes advantage of the fact that peridotite igneous rocks (or material of similar chemical content: basalt, gabbro, dunite, amphibolites, artificially produced Ca, Mg oxides) which are abundant on and close to the Earth's surface, can absorb and contain CO2 gases resultant from industrial activity. This chemical process occurs naturally, but has not been utilized to capture high concentrations of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Calcium and magnesium oxides of the peridotite react with CO2 to form stable carbonate minerals. The invention enhances and expedites this natural process for the remediation of industrial pollutants such as CO2 from the oil, gas, coal, cement/concrete and like CO2-emitting industries, and provides a resource for materials in construction (concrete), steel, aviation and agricultural and other industries.

Abstract: Embodiments for an exhaust gas aftertreatment device are provided. In one example, an exhaust gas aftertreatment device for a gasoline engine comprises a filter body with porous filter walls through which exhaust gas flows to remove soot, the porous filter walls containing a first catalyst material and having a coating of a second catalyst material on partial areas of the filter walls. In this way, a particulate filter and catalyst may be provided in a common aftertreatment device.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst article for treating an emission gas comprising (a) a noble metal catalyst layer comprising one or more noble metals disposed on a first refractory metal oxide support; and (b) a vanadium catalyst layer comprising vanadium pre-fixed on a second refractory metal oxide support selected from alumina, titania, zirconia, ceria, silica, and mixtures of these, wherein the first catalyst layer is in physical contact with said second catalyst layer. Also provided is a method for making such a catalyst article, a method for treating gas emissions using such an article, and an emission gas treatment system incorporating such an article.

Abstract: A flow device for an exhaust system includes a body that defines an interior cavity. An exhaust inlet passage is disposed in the interior cavity. An exhaust outlet passage is disposed in the interior cavity so that at least a portion of the exhaust inlet passage circumferentially surrounds at least a portion of the exhaust outlet passage. A doser is adapted to inject reductants into the interior cavity of the body such that the reductants are injected in the same general direction as the direction of flow of the exhaust gases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-PGM catalyst for burning carbon soot without using a noble metal, the non-PGM catalyst comprising: a cerium-praseodymium complex oxide and an iron oxide, the cerium-praseodymium complex oxide impregnated with silver (Ag). The cerium-praseodymium complex oxide illustratively consists of 60 to 95 wt % of cerium oxide and 5 to 40 wt % of praseodymium oxide, and silver (Ag) impregnated in the complex oxide is 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of the total weight of the complex oxide. The iron oxide may be an oxide in a form of particles separate from the cerium-praseodymium complex oxide in which silver is impregnated, and may be 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of the total weight of the cerium praseodymium complex oxide.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst coating solution may realize high purification performance by preventing the active surface of a catalyst from being reduced, and may greatly improve the durability of a catalyst by preventing soot from directly coming into contact with a catalyst layer containing a precious metal so that the catalyst layer can continuously exhibit proper purification performance. A method of manufacturing a catalyst body using the catalyst coating solution, and a catalyst body manufactured by the method are also described.

Abstract: A catalytic converter for use in motor vehicle exhaust systems includes a housing and a catalytic substrate disposed in the housing. The housing includes a central shell fixed to an inlet end cone and an outlet end cone. The catalytic substrate includes a primary body section is disposed in an internal chamber and has a plurality of skewed flow channels through which the hot exhaust gas flows. The skewed flow channels create turbulent flow to assist in improved light-off and improved purification efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-PGM catalyst for burning carbon soot without using a noble metal, the non-PGM catalyst comprising: a cerium-praseodymium complex oxide and an iron oxide, the cerium-praseodymium complex oxide impregnated with silver (Ag). The cerium-praseodymium complex oxide illustratively consists of 60 to 95 wt % of cerium oxide and 5 to 40 wt % of praseodymium oxide, and silver (Ag) impregnated in the complex oxide is 1.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of the total weight of the complex oxide. The iron oxide may be an oxide in a form of particles separate from the cerium-praseodymium complex oxide in which silver is impregnated, and may be 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of the total weight of the cerium praseodymium complex oxide.

Abstract: A modular exhaust after-treatment system including a plurality of exhaust after-treatment modules. Each module includes a housing defining a non-linear flow path arranged between an inlet passage and an outlet passage. The non-linear flow path includes a first portion adjacent the inlet passage that includes a first exhaust treatment component, a second portion downstream from the first portion, and a third portion downstream from second portion adjacent the outlet passage, wherein the third portion includes a second exhaust treatment component. The plurality of exhaust after-treatment modules are secured to each other in either horizontally or vertically.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are examples of open mesh style monolith filters utilizing an ozone-depleting catalyst. In addition, pairing of an ozone depletion coated filter with electrostatic filter is disclosed herein such that the electrostatic filter is provided upstream of the ozone depletion coated filter so as to reduce the volume of particulates encountered by the ozone depletion coated filter and thus extending the useful life of the ozone depletion coated filter. In addition, pairing of the treated filter as well as the combined treated filter and electrostatically charged filter with an air ionizer is disclosed herein so as to further reduce particulates in the air stream, reduce chemical contaminants in the air stream, and provide a low pressure airflow through the filter. A method for making an economical ozone depletion filter that is energy efficient (with open mesh monolith structure) with high air cleaning efficiency at ambient temperature.

Abstract: In an engine, an exhaust purification catalyst (13) and a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) are arranged in an engine exhaust passage, and, a low pressure exhaust gas recirculation system (LPL) which makes exhaust gas downstream of the exhaust purification catalyst (13) recirculate is provided. If hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15), a carbon dioxide which is generated at the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is recirculated, and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) temporarily drops. Hydrocarbons are injected from the hydrocarbon feed valve (15) in synchronization with this temporary drop in the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A filtration medium comprises a textile substrate and a mercury abatement coating on a least a portion of the surface of the textile substrate. The mercury abatement coating comprises a copper salt, a binder, and other optional components. A process for removing mercury from a gaseous stream uses the filtration medium.

Abstract: Hybrid PGM-ZPGM exhaust treatment systems are disclosed. The systems include a PGM close-couple catalytic converter followed by an underfloor ZPGM catalytic converter. The disclosed hybrid systems, including PGM based catalysts and zero-PGM based catalysts may replace pure PGM based exhaust treatment systems. The ZPGM catalyst compositions used may include copper and cerium as active ZPGM catalysts. The disclosed ZPGM underfloor converters may be designed to convert leaks from close-couple converters.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst article for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The catalyst article has a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst for ozone oxidation of pollutant components dispersed in a gas is provided. The ozone oxidation catalyst has a porous body formed from a metal body, a ceramic, or polymeric fibers coated with metal. A catalytic noble metal composition is deposited on the surface of the porous body. The catalytic noble metal composition is formed from particles of a noble metal supported by a mesoporous molecular sieve.

Abstract: A laminated body composed of a holding member and an inner cylinder is arranged between a heat generation element, which is electrically energized to generate heat, and a case which covers the heat generation element, and the inner cylinder has an upstream side end portion extended to a more upstream side than an upstream side end face of said heat generation element and an upstream side end face of said holding member to form an extension portion, which is formed with a protruding portion protruding to an inner side in a diametrical direction. A flow of an exhaust gas, which flows backwards after colliding with the heat generation element, will be obstructed by said protruding portion. As a result, the backflow exhaust gas stops flowing into a gap between the case and the inner cylinder.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst article for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The catalyst article has a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst article for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The catalyst article has a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia.

Abstract: A structured adsorbent sheet, is provided including a nano-adsorbent powder, and a binder material, wherein the nano-adsorbent powder is combined with the binder material to form an adsorbent material, and a porous electrical heating substrate, wherein the adsorbent material is applied to the porous electrical heating substrate thereby forming a structured adsorbent sheet. A structured adsorbent module is provided, including a plurality of stacked structured adsorbent sheets, configured to produce a plurality of fluid passages, wherein the plurality of fluid passages have a cross-sectional shape in the direction of a fluid stream. The structured adsorbent module may have a cross-sectional shape that is trapezoidal, rectangle, square, triangular or sinusoidal.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. The exhaust purification catalyst (13) is comprised of a mixture of a first catalyst in which platinum (51) and a basic layer (52) are carried on alumina (50) and a second catalyst in which rhodium (56) is carried on zirconia (55). The concentration of hydrocarbons which flow into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude of a 200 ppm or more and within a predetermined range of period of 5 second or less, whereby the NOx which is contained in exhaust gas is reduced at the exhaust purification catalyst (13).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising a carrier substrate, and a first washcoat layer disposed on the substrate, the first washcoat layer comprising palladium supported on a support material comprising a metal oxide, gold supported on a support material comprising a metal oxide, and a ceria comprising compound, as well as a process for the preparation of such catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment device is disclosed. The exhaust treatment device has a compact configuration that includes integrated reactant dosing, reactant mixing and contaminant removal/treatment. The mixing can be achieved at least in part by a swirl structure and contaminant removal can include NOx reduction.

Abstract: An electro-catalytic honeycomb for controlling exhaust emissions, which adopts to purify a lean-burn exhaust, comprises a honeycomb structural body, a solid-oxide layer and a cathode layer. The honeycomb structural body includes an anode, a plurality of gas channels, and a shell. The anode is formed as a backbone, the gas channels are formed inside the backbone for passing the exhaust, and the shell covers an outer surface of the anode. The solid-oxide layer is adhered to an inner surface of the anode and connects the shell so as to encapsulate the anode. The cathode layer is adhered to a tube wall of the solid-oxide layer and has an oxidizing environment. The anode has a reducing environment. The reducing and the oxidizing environment facilitate an electromotive force to occur between the anode and the cathode layer to promote a decomposition of nitrogen oxides of the exhaust into nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coated particle filter (3), in particular wall-flow filter, having a length (L). According to the invention, at least two zones (4, 5) which have different coatings are provided along the length (L). The invention also relates to a catalytic converter (2), wherein the catalytic converter (2) is formed with a coating which has a washcoat coating layer as a lower coating layer, onto which palladium is deposited. The invention finally relates to a device (1) for the purification of exhaust gases, in particular exhaust gases of diesel-engined motor vehicles, comprising a catalytic converter (2) and a coated particle filter (3) of length (L) positioned downstream of the catalytic converter (2), wherein the particle filter (3) and the catalytic converter (2) are designed in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes at least one pillar-shaped honeycomb unit and a pair of electrodes. The pillar-shaped honeycomb unit includes an outer peripheral wall and cell walls. The cell walls extend along a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb unit to define cells. The cell walls are composed of a ceramic aggregate having pores. The cell walls contain a substance having an electrical resistivity lower than an electrical resistivity of ceramic forming the ceramic aggregate. The pair of electrodes is arranged at the cell walls and/or the outer peripheral wall.

Abstract: A formed zeolite honeycomb article comprises a formed article obtained by extruding a zeolite raw material containing zeolite particles, an inorganic binding material and a filler constituted of plate-like particles in a honeycomb shape including partition walls disposed to form a plurality of cells, a drying shrinkage of the partition walls in a thickness direction thereof is larger than a drying shrinkage of the partition walls in a cell extending direction thereof and a drying shrinkage of the partition walls in a diametric direction perpendicular to the cell extending direction thereof, and the drying shrinkage of the partition walls in the thickness direction thereof is 1.2 or more times the drying shrinkage of the partition walls in the diametric direction perpendicular to the cell extending direction thereof in the formed zeolite honeycomb article.

Abstract: A method of converting nitrogen oxides in a gas to nitrogen by contacting the nitrogen oxides with a nitrogenous reducing agent in the presence of a zeolite catalyst containing at least one transition metal, wherein the zeolite is a small pore zeolite containing a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, wherein the at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Ir and Pt.

Abstract: A method of converting nitrogen oxides in a gas to nitrogen by contacting the nitrogen oxides with a nitrogenous reducing agent in the presence of a zeolite catalyst containing at least one transition metal, wherein the zeolite is a small pore zeolite containing a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, wherein the at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Jr and Pt.

Abstract: A method of converting nitrogen oxides in a gas to nitrogen by contacting the nitrogen oxides with a nitrogenous reducing agent in the presence of a zeolite catalyst containing at least one transition metal, wherein the zeolite is a small pore zeolite containing a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, wherein the at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Re, Ir and Pt.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (16), an exhaust purification catalyst (13), a particulate filter (14), and an NO2 reduction catalyst (15) are arranged. At the time of engine operation, the amplitude of change of the concentration of hydrocarbons which flow into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made to become within a predetermined range of amplitude by control of the injection amount of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed valve (16). When the NO2 which is produced at the particulate filter (14) should be reduced to NO, the injection amount of hydrocarbons is increased whereby the pass through amount of hydrocarbons which pass straight through the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is increased.

Abstract: An ammonia oxidation catalyst being superior in heat resistance and capable of suppressing by-production of N2O or NOx. The ammonia oxidation catalyst is made by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) including a catalyst supported a noble metal on an inorganic base material including any of a composite oxide (A) having at least titania and silica as main components, alumina, and a composite oxide (B) consisting of alumina and silica; and a catalyst layer (upper layer) including a composite oxide (C) consisting of at least silica, tungsten oxide, ceria and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, wherein a composition of the composite oxide (C) is silica: 20% by weight or less, tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight.

Abstract: A composite catalyst substrate is provided, which may include a metallic core and a porous ceramic coating on the metallic core. The substrate may also include a washcoat substantially covering the ceramic coating and including a catalyst material configured to react with constituents in an exhaust flow of an exhaust producing engine. The catalyst material may be dispersed in, or coated on, the washcoat.

Abstract: A high-temperature-resistant component for an exhaust-gas treatment unit, an exhaust-gas treatment unit and a method for producing such a unit, include providing the component or the exhaust-gas treatment unit with a surface layer intended to prevent the formation of chromium carbide bridges during a brazing process for producing the exhaust-gas treatment unit.

Abstract: A wall flow type particulate filter (24) adapted to be arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine in which combustion is performed in an excess of oxygen carries a solid acid. The solid acid has an acid strength which is higher than the acid strength of sulfurous acid and lower than the acid strength of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for purifying the exhaust gases from diesel engines, in particular an oxidation catalyst which is particularly well suited for the purification of exhaust gases from heavy goods vehicles when further exhaust gas purification units such as a particle filter and/or a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst are installed downstream thereof. The catalyst contains two catalytically active coatings which have different compositions and of which only one is in direct contact with the outflowing exhaust gas. The coating (1) which is in direct contact with the outflowing exhaust gas is platinum-rich and contains a total amount of noble metal (platinum and palladium) which is greater than that in the coating (2) which is not in direct contact with the outflowing exhaust gas.

Abstract: A filter for internal combustion engines, includes a rigid external casing provided with at least an inlet for a fluid to be filtered and an outlet for the fluid when filtered, and a filter cartridge located internally of the external casing, which includes a plurality of tubular filter walls arranged parallel to one another which are destined to be crossed by the fluid flowing from the inlet towards the outlet of the external casing; the external casing being conformed such as to delimit a pouch a transversal section of which, performed along a perpendicular plane to axes of the tubular filter walls, exhibits a prevalent line of development and a small width with respect to the prevalent line of development; the tubular filter walls being arranged internally of the pouch, side by side with one another, forming a single row which follows the prevalent line of development of the pouch.

Abstract: An exhaust gas catalyst where the catalyst efficiency is improved by enhancing diffusion of the exhaust gas in a catalyst layer. An exhaust gas catalyst comprises at least a carrier and a plurality of layers formed on the carrier. At least one of the layers has pores therein, and at least one other layer has pores therein and contains, as catalyst components, a noble metal, alumina and a complex oxide mainly containing ceria, zirconia and one or more rare earth elements other than cerium.

Abstract: A composition for applying to a honeycomb body includes a refractory filler, an organic binder, an inorganic binder, and a liquid vehicle, wherein the refractory filler, the particle size distribution of the refractory filler, the organic binder, and the inorganic binder are selected such that, when the composition is applied to plug a plurality of channels of the honeycomb body, the plug depth variability is reduced.

Abstract: Thermal shock resistance of a ceramic honeycomb structure is increased through modifications of the cell wall joints. Wall joints can be modified such that a longitudinally-extending opening is created, putting two or more cells that meet at the wall joint in fluid communication through such opening. In such a case, all walls that meet at such a modified joint must join at least one other wall at that joint. Alternatively, wall joints can be modified by providing stress concentrating notches which extend into the joint from two or more cells that share the joint.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for a diesel engine includes a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in an exhaust system in the diesel engine. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus is constructed to execute regeneration of the DPF by raising a temperature of the DPF in a case where a predetermined DPF regeneration condition is fulfilled, interrupt the regeneration of the DPF, execute idling stop, automatically restart the diesel engine and then restart the regeneration of the DPF, and when shifting to the idling operation is carried out during regeneration of the DPF, delay execution of the idling stop until a temperature of the DPF at a time at which the idling stop is started becomes not less than a temperature of the DPF at a time at which shifting to an idling operation is carried out even in a case where the predetermined idling stop condition is fulfilled.

Abstract: A filter for filtering particulate matter (PM) from exhaust gas emitted from a positive ignition engine or a compression ignition engine, which filter comprising a porous substrate having inlet surfaces and outlet surfaces, wherein the inlet surfaces are separated from the outlet surfaces by a porous structure containing pores of a first mean pore size, wherein the porous substrate is coated with a washcoat comprising a plurality of solid particles wherein the porous structure of the washcoated porous substrate contains pores of a second mean pore size, and wherein the second mean pore size is less than the first mean pore size.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb unit. The honeycomb unit has a plurality of through holes defined by partition walls along a longitudinal direction of the honeycomb unit. The partition walls have a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm to approximately 0.4 mm. The honeycomb unit is manufactured by molding raw material paste by extrusion molding and thereafter by firing the molded raw material paste. The raw material paste contains zeolite and an inorganic binder. A specific surface area of the zeolite is more than or equal to approximately 500 m2/g and less than or equal to approximately 800 m2/g. An external surface area of the zeolite is more than or equal to approximately 40 m2/g and less than or equal to approximately 80 m2/g.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a filter whose initial collection efficiency can be increased and whose pressure loss increase can be suppressed. [Means to solve the problem] A ceramic filter includes: numerous crystalline masses bound to one another each formed of aggregation of columnar crystals, wherein a number of large diameter pores are present between the numerous crystalline masses, and small diameter pores are present between the numerous columnar crystals forming the crystalline mass.

Abstract: A system for producing ammonia includes sources of hydrogen and nitrogen gas, a hydrogen gas booster for producing produce pressurized hydrogen gas, a nitrogen gas booster for producing pressurized nitrogen gas, and a synthesis reactor that receives a mixture of the pressurized hydrogen and nitrogen gases. The synthesis reactor includes an inlet for receiving the pressurized gas mixture, a heating zone adjacent the inlet for heating the gas mixture, a catalyst zone downstream from the heating zone for catalyzing a reaction of the mixture to form ammonia and a by-product, and a cooling zone downstream from the catalyst zone for cooling the ammonia and the by-product. The system has a separator for separating the ammonia from the by-product, an ammonia storage tank for collecting the ammonia, and a recycle loop for re-circulating the by-product back to the synthesis reactor.