Abstract: A process and system for reducing cold start NO.sub.x, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon emissions from mobile source engine exhaust utilizes adsorption and desorption of NO.sub.x compounds on a regenerable sorbent material. Molecules of NO.sub.x are adsorbed onto the sorbent material during the ineffective warm up period of a three-way catalytic converter. When the catalytic converter reaches operating temperatures, the NO.sub.x molecules are thermally desorbed from the sorbent material and delivered to the catalytic converter for effective reduction to molecular nitrogen.

Abstract: An apparatus for quenching in hydroprocessing of a hydrocarbon feed stream, which provides a substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed which substantially fills the entire volume of a reactor vessel. Catalyst are selected to be essentially the same density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebullation of the packed catalyst bed at the design feed rates. The liquid and gas components of the hydrocarbon feed stream flow into the bed of catalyst and a quenching medium, which is preferably a liquid, is injected into the bed of catalyst. Injection of a liquid quench reduces the gas component of the hydrocarbon feed stream while simultaneously increasing the residence time and reducing the liquid velocity of the liquid component of the hydrocarbon feed stream within the substantially packed bed of catalyst.

Abstract: A filter utilizes a filter bed having a ceramic media to remove particulates from process emissions upstream of a regenerative incinerator to prevent fouling of the incinerator. To prevent the filter from fouling, the filter is adapted to "bake-off" contaminants from the filter bed by providing a flow of hot innocuous air through the filter. In addition, fluid can be flushed through the filter.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying pollutant-containing waste or exhaust air from industrial plants by means of regenerative afterburning includes a heat exchanger in the form of a heat exchanger fill. The material for the heat exchanger fill is a sponge-like foamed ceramic material having open pores. In accordance with another embodiment, the material of the heat exchanger fill may be constituted by ceramic grate plates or grate bodies.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the level of NOx, CO and SO.sub.2 emissions in a gas turbine is disclosed. A catalyst absorber, preferably made of alumina/platinum/carbonate salt, is used to oxidize the pollutant oxides and absorb them. The catalyst absorber can then be regenerated and reused. An apparatus for treating the stack gases and a method of making the catalyst absorber are also described.

Abstract: An FCC process mixes spent and regenerated catalyst to obtain thermal equilibrium of a blended catalyst stream before contacting feed with the blended catalyst stream. The spent and regenerated catalyst from the reactor and regenerator catalyst may be mixed in a blending vessel located at the bottom of an FCC riser that can also serve as a hot catalyst stripper.

Abstract: An apparatus for contemporaneously catalytically cracking a paraffin rich feedstock and a heavy feedstock wherein the feedstocks are segregated prior to catalytic cracking in separate reactors with regenerated particulate catalyst solids. The apparatus provides for the separate optimal cracking of paraffinic constituents and heavy naphthenic constituents while maintaining an overall heat balance.

Abstract: A vibrating bed pyrolysis system has a vibrating bed which is supplied with hot solid particles. Dry coal particles are rapidly heated by the hot solid particles to drive off hydrocarbon vapors. The vapors are condensed in a jet condenser, and products are flowed to a header tank. A portion of the liquid product is stored at room temperature for later use. A small portion of the liquid product is pumped from the header tank and cooled to ambient temperature and is sprayed in the jet condenser, which is positioned above the vibrating pyrolysis bed. A dryer bed vibrated by the same vibrating machine which vibrates the pyrolysis bed is supplied with hot solid particles and the crushed coal. Moisture in the coal particles is evaporated, and water vapors entrain coal fines before the coal particles are passed to the pyrolysis bed. The hot solid particles are taken from a fluidized bed combustor and are returned to the combustor with the coal char particles by entrainment into the gas lift system.

Abstract: A regeneration process and apparatus eliminates the need for an external chlorination recycle loop. The method and apparatus uses two-pass internal mixing of a chlorine compound input stream and drying gas to both mix and heat the chlorination gas before entering the chlorination zone. The only heat required for the process is a small amount for vaporizing the chlorine containing input stream to prevent the formation of chloride droplets. All other heat for the chlorination zone is supplied internally in the regeneration vessel.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for generating elemental sulfur and re-usable metal oxide from spent metal-sulfur compound. Spent metal-sulfur compound is regenerated to re-usable metal oxide by moving a bed of spent metal-sulfur compound progressively through a single regeneration vessel having a first and second regeneration stage and a third cooling and purging stage. The regeneration is carried out and elemental sulfur is generated in the first stage by introducing a first gas of sulfur dioxide which contains oxygen at a concentration less than the stoichiometric amount required for complete oxidation of the spent metal-sulfur compound. A second gas containing sulfur dioxide and excess oxygen at a concentration sufficient for complete oxidation of the partially spent metal-sulfur compound, is introduced into the second regeneration stage. Gaseous sulfur formed in the first regeneration stage is removed prior to introducing the second gas into the second regeneration stage.

Abstract: A regeneration process and apparatus eliminates the need for an external chlorination recycle loop. The method and apparatus uses two-pass internal mixing of a chlorine compound input stream and drying gas to both mix and heat the chlorination gas before entering the chlorination zone. The only heat required for the process is a small amount for vaporizing the chlorine containing input stream to prevent the formation of chloride droplets. All other heat for the chlorination zone is supplied internally in the regeneration vessel.

Abstract: A semi-continuous process for combusting coke from catalyst particles in a fixed bed is improved by rejecting from the combustion process a high moisture content flue gas stream which is produced by the combustion of a relatively large proportion of the hydrogen in the coke that enters the combustion section during an early stage of combustion. By operating the early stage of combustion at conditions to increase the rate of combustion of the hydrogen in the coke relative to that of the carbon in the coke, the overall equilibrium level of water in a flue gas/recycle gas that circulates through the process is lowered. The high moisture content flue gas stream from the early stage of combustion is rejected separately from the process.

Abstract: Paraffin alkylation using solid, particulate catalyst is carried out by preparing an alkane-catalyst mixture in a wash zone, passing the alkane-catalyst mixture to a plug flow reactor where a minor amount of olefin is introduced to contact the alkane-catalyst mixture and react to form alkylate and the alkane-catalyst-alkylate mixture is passed through the reactor with a minimum of back mixing to restrict the reaction of alkylate with olefin, thus substantially preventing polymerization. The alkane-catalyst-alkylate mixture, substantially free of olefin is passed to a disengaging zone where the liquid is removed and the solid particulate catalyst is recovered and returned to the wash zone for recycle. The alkane is present in the reactor in sufficient molar excess to react substantially all of the olefin. Any unreacted isoalkane is recycled to the reactor with make-up isoalkane added to maintain the molar excess.

Abstract: A process and system for simultaneously removing from a gaseous mixture, sulfur oxides by a solid sulfur oxide acceptor sorbent on a porous carrier, nitrogen oxides by ammonia gas and particulate matter by filtration and for the regeneration of loaded solid sulfur oxide acceptor sorbent. Finely-divided solid sulfur oxide acceptor sorbent is entrained in a gaseous mixture to deplete sulfur oxides from the gaseous mixture, the finely-divided solid sulfur oxide acceptor sorbent being dispersed on a porous carrier material having a particle size up to about 200 microns. In the process, the gaseous mixture is optionally prefiltered to remove particulate matter and thereafter finely-divided solid sulfur oxide acceptor sorbent is injected into the gaseous mixture to form an entrained bed. Ammonia gas is also injected into the exhaust gas stream. A filter separates spent solid sorbent and particulate matter from clean gas. A classifier is used to separate mixtures of spent sorbent from particulate matter.

Abstract: An apparatus for regenerating depleted deNO.sup.d catalysts includes a combustion chamber having a combustion zone, a flue gas conduit communicating with the combustion zone and a deNO.sub.x catalyst having surfaces in the flue gas conduit. An injection device may be disposed between the combustion zone and the surfaces for injecting molybdenum-oxide-containing dust when the deNO.sub.x catalyst is depleted, or a molybdenum-oxide-containing surface may be disposed in the flue gas conduit between the combustion zone and the surfaces for regeneration when the deNO.sub.x catalyst is depleted.

Abstract: Apparatus for regenerating spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Catalyst particles in a vertically-elongated movable tapered bed are contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove, by means of combustion, coke which accumulated on the catalyst particles while they were used in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. Catalyst moves downward under the influence of gravity. The catalyst bed is tapered such that the thickness of the bed, in a dimension which is transverse to the direction of catalyst movement, varies from a minimum at the top of the tapered bed to a maximum at the bottom of the tapered bed. Gas passes through the tapered bed in a direction which is substantially transverse to the direction of catalyst movement. Substantially, all of the catalyst in the bed is in contact with the flowing gas.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described whereby a caustic-treated hydrocarbon feed mixture having a contaminating concentration of water and sulfur compounds is treated by separating the hydrocarbon feed into a first stream and a second stream. The first stream is contacted with an adsorbent material to produce a reactor feed stream having a significant reduction in the concentration of the contaminating water and sulfur compounds. The reactor feed stream is thereafter contacted in the presence of hydrogen under suitable isomerization conditions with an isomerization catalyst to produce an isomerate product.

Abstract: A method for continuously treating a gas using an apparatus with a catalyst bed housed therein comprises the steps of passing a subject gas through the catalyst bed to adsorb the adsorbable substances in the subject gas thereto; and passing a regenerating gas through the catalyst bed adsorbed by the adsorbable substances in the subject gas to react and decompose them and simultaneously regenerate the catalyst bed. A particular apparatus is used with this method.By carrying out this method of the present invention using the gas treating apparatus, it is possible to continuously, efficiently and economically advantageously treat a gas containing a malodorous component, harmful component, organic solvent, hydrocarbon vapor or the like.

Abstract: A process for reforming hydrocarbons has a regeneration process for reconditioning catalyst particles containing platinum that improves the process by transferring the catalyst particles through a combustion zone, a drying zone, a redispersion zone and a chloride uptake zone. Drying of the catalyst particles immediately after the combustion of coke improves the operation of a platinum redispersion zone and a chloride uptake zone. Separate platinum redispersion zones and chloride uptake zones are provided so that the dried catalyst that enters the platinum redispersion zone can be contacted with a high concentration of chlorine with a lower overall concentration of chloride compounds in the redispersion zone. The lower moisture content allows the equilibrium reaction between hydrogen chloride and oxygen on the one hand, and water and chlorine on the other hand to be shifted to the production of chlorine.

Abstract: The invention concerns a regeneration process and the corresponding apparatus for regeneration of a reforming catalyst, the reforming operation being carried out in at least two reactors in series, through which the catalyst and the charge successively flow, the pressure in the first reactor through which the catalyst and the charge pass being under a pressure of between 3 and 8 bars.

Abstract: A method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a hot gas. In a moving bed absorber, sulfur compounds in the hot gas moving in a direction which is countercurrent to the direction of movement of the movable bed of metal oxide, react with metal oxide to form metal sulfide. The metal sulfide is regenerated to re-usable metal oxide in a moving bed regenerator. The regeneration is carried out with an oxygen-containing gas in which regenerator off-gas serves as a diluent to control oxygen concentration. In the regenerator, spent metal sulfide moves progressively through a single regeneration vessel having first, second and third regeneration stages. In the first and second regeneration stages, first and second oxygen and sulfur dioxide-containing gases move, respectively, in a direction which is cocurrent with the direction of movement of a movable bed of spent metal sulfide.

Abstract: A method for continuously or semi-continuously regenerating reforming catalyst by the recirculation of a gas stream advantageously controls the water content by using an oxygen-deficient makeup gas stream to supply the oxygen for combustion of coke. The volume of makeup gas entering the process is increased by reducing its oxygen concentration so that additional waste gases from the combustion of coke on the catalyst can be vented. The venting of additional gas from the circulating gas stream lowers the overall water concentration during the combustion of coke. The oxygen-deficient makeup gas stream can be supplied by oxygen and nitrogen separation from air. Where the production of the oxygen-deficient makeup gas stream also produces an oxygen-enriched stream, the oxygen-enriched stream is advantageously added to a catalyst reconditioning step for an increased dispersion of metals in the catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, is partially oxidized by flowing the gas through a moving catalyst bed supported on a rotating drum disposed in a partitioned duct. Catalyst is regenerated by exposure to an oxygen containing gas flowing through a passage formed in the duct. A gas seal is formed between the duct partition and a surface of the catalyst support drum on the downstream side of the drum to minimize the leakage flow of hydrocarbon gas into the regenerator gas. The pressures of the hydrocarbon gas and regenerator gas are regulated upstream of the catalyst bed to minimize leakage flow of one gas into the flow space of the other gas through a space formed between the duct partition and the drum upstream of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A wet press papermaker's felt which has a base fabric joined at a pin seam, and which has a batting applied to the felt surface so that the felt is relatively stiff and difficult to join at the pin seam, is provided with a region of increased transverse flexibility through the felt to facilitate the bending of one end of the felt during the threading of a pin through the pin seam. In one embodiment, the region of increased transverse flexibility is formed by a second pin seam in which the batting is uncut at the seam. In another embodiment, this region is defined by a common transverse cross-over point in which the top loop-forming strands go through the fabric to the opposite surface, thereby forming a region of transverse flexibility.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for effecting treatment needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. The invention may be termed a variable gas flow catalyst bed. Catalyst particles in a vertically-elongated movable bed are contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove, by means of combustion, coke which accumulated on the catalyst particles while they were used in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. The catalyst particles are confined in the bed by means of catalyst retention screens. The catalyst retention screens are configured such that gas flow through the bed varies from a maximum at the top of the bed to a minimum at the bottom of the bed. The variation in gas flow is accomplished by varying the size of gas flow apertures in the retention screens from a maximum at the top of the bed to a minimum at the bottom of the bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for regenerating zeolite-type catalyst used in fixed bed hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as the conversion of olefins to gasoline and diesel fuel. Regeneration is achieved using a portion of a flue gas stream to regenerate catalyst and preheat feedstock. Economies in equipment and operation are realized by employing a once-through configuration for the regenerator gas stream.

Abstract: An improved air distribution device for distributing fluidizing gas to a bed of fluidized solids. The distribution device is arranged to maintain a bed of fluidized particles above a planar region of air injection and allow withdrawal of solids from below the region of air injection. The fluidizing gas is distributed to a bed of fluidized particles by a central dome and a series of horizontally extending branch pipes arranged about the periphery of the dome. In order to improve the structural integrity of the apparatus and the operation of the device, the horizontal branch pipes are attached to a knuckle region of the central dome by a series of extruded outlets that minimize stress concentrations in the branch pipe connection and locate outlet holes in the branch pipes at an elevation close to the outlet holes in the dome.

Abstract: Catalytic regenerators, nozzle designs and processes suitable for introducing regeneration air into a catalytic cracking unit which substantially reduce erosion induced nozzle failures include at least one nozzle which has at least one planar surface generally parallel to the nozzle's longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing chemical oxygen demand levels in water which includes the steps of:(a) mixing the water to be treated with at least one oxygen source;(b) contacting the water with a first, activated alumina catalyst;(c) contacting the water with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Group VIIIB metals, Group IB metals, or mixtures thereof;(d) reacting chemical contaminants in the water with the oxgen source; and finally(e) contacting the water with an adsorptive material such as activated carbon.The present invention also includes a method and apparatus for regenerating the catalyst in situ by contacting the catalyst with alkaline and acidic aqueous inorganic regeneration solutions.

Abstract: A vessel for effecting multiple treatment steps needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Regeneration is accomplished in a moving bed of catalyst, where catalyst is passed through several treatment zones in the regeneration vessel. Catalyst is contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove coke which accumulates on the catalyst while it is in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. After the coke is burned off in a combustion zone, catalyst is passed into a drying zone for removal of water formed in the combustion zone which has remained on the catalyst instead of being carried off with combustion gases. Water removal is accomplished by passing a hot dry air stream through the catalyst. This air stream is introduced into the bottom of the regeneration vessel and is heated by exchange of heat with catalyst, thereby effecting the required cooling of the catalyst. Before passing into the drying zone, the air is heated further by heating element located in the vessel.

Abstract: A method for supplying spent catalyst to a catalyst regenerator comprises (1) guiding the flow of spent catalyst from the lower end of a spent catalyst standpipe downwardly therefrom and (2) curving the downward flow of spent catalyst away from the wall of the catalyst regenerator towards the vertical center line of the air distributor for providing the most thorough and even distribution of spent catalyst and air. An extension tube means for performing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Arsenic can be continuously removed from shale oil by passing the shale oil through a first guard bed containing catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil, until the desired amount of arsenic is removed. The flow of the shale oil is thereafter directed to a second guard bed containing another or similar catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil. Concurrently, the spent catalyst in the first bed is regenerated in situ so that continuous upgrading of the shale oil is achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus for making hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam using heat stored in a vessel followed by the regeneration of the vessel to restore the heat. Regeneration is done by preheating within the vessel a hydrogen purge gas and steam. Downstream of the conventional reform catalyst, the preheated gases are mixed with an oxygen containing gas so that they combust within the vessel in a fuel lean mode and heat material disposed in the vessel. This is the heat which is used in converting the hydrogen feedstock to hydrogen. The addition of steam in the regeneration process to recover the heat remaining in the vessel following the hydrogen make cycle simplifies reactor bed design and improves operational flexibility. Incorporation of a regeneratable sulfur absorber in the vessel facilitates the removal of up to 90% of the feedstock sulfur.

Abstract: A multi-reactor hydrocarbon catalytic conversion system includes at least three reactors, a feed source for providing hydrocarbon feed to the reactors and apparatus for sequentially backwardly rotating the reactors during process mode operation of the reactors. In each of a series of sequential cycles, at least one reactor currently operates in a regeneration mode position, while other reactors operate in process mode positions. A reactor having freshest catalyst is in a last process mode position, and a reactor having relatively least fresh catalyst is in a first process mode position. The reactor having relatively least fresh catalyst receives fresh feed first from the feed source, and the reactor having freshest catalyst receives the partially converted feed last. Method and apparatus are provided for rotation of the reactors, without the necessity of stopping operation of the catalytic conversion process while the shifting of the reactors is being performed.

Abstract: A catalyst rejuvenation vessel assembly for treating particulate used oil-coated catalysts to provide a rejuvenated catalyst material is disclosed. A pressurizable vertically-oriented vessel assembly has inlet and outlet openings for the catalyst and washing fluids, and has a removable lower sub-assembly head portion which contains a conical shaped grid unit located therein. The vessel assembly is arranged to permit solvent washing, vacuum drying and acid treatment and gas drying of the used catalyst in a bed supported above the conical grid, by upward flow and recycle of the washing liquids and fluidization of the catalyst. Following rejuvenation of the catalyst, it is withdrawn form the vessel downwardly through the conical shaped grid and out through a central withdrawal conduit containing a slide valve unit for further processing or use as desired.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed in which a first gas is contacted with a solid at an elevated reaction temperature to produce a gaseous product, the solid being deactivated during said contact and exothermically reactivated by a second gas and again contacted with the first gas, the improvement includes the steps of:(a) providing a quantity of the solids in relatively equal amounts to at least these fixed bed reactors;(b) sequentially operating each fixed bed reactor according to the cycle comprising: (1) preheating introducing the first gas into a first end of the reactor and withdrawing gaseous product from a second end of the reactor; (2) preheating the first gas to reaction temperature by introducing the first gas into the fixed bed of solids at a plurality of points along the length of the reactor and withdrawing the preheated gas from the second end of the reactor; and (3) reactivating the deactivated solids by introducing the second gas into the fixed bed of solids at a plurality of points along the length o

Abstract: In a reactor, granular feedstock having particle sizes in the range from about 0.5 to 15 mm is subjected in a moving bed to a countercurrent extraction at a temperature in the range from 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. and under a pressure in the range from 50 to 400 bars by a continuously supplied solvent which is in a liquid or supercritical state. A mixture of valuable substances and solvent is withdrawn from the upper portion of the reactor. The solvent is separated from the valuable substances by a pressure relief and/or temperature rise and is recycled to the reactor. The extraction residue is withdrawn from the lower end of the reactor. Respective locks are used to charge the feedstock into the reactor and to discharge the extraction residue from the reactor. Solvent and an entrainer are supplied to the reactor at different locations. Outlet ducts having a length of 0.1 to 1 m are preferably used to deliver the feedstock onto a moving bed in the reactor so that a free space is provided over the bed.

Abstract: Untreated coal is activated with steam at temperatures of 600.degree. to 950.degree. C. in a vibrating fluid bed, which is directly heated. The untreated coal is pre-dried by counter-current passage of the waste gases from the reaction either during feeding of the untreated coal or in the first part of the vibrating fluid bed trough. During the activation, secondary air can be passed in through a sparge pipe which is arranged parallel to the vibrating fluid bed trough. It is possible to carry out the heating exclusively with the supply of secondary air.

Abstract: Method for effecting multiple treatment steps needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Catalyst is contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove coke which accumulates on the catalyst while it is in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. After the coke is burned off in a combustion zone, catalyst is passed into a halogenation zone wherein a halogen is deposited on the catalyst. Catalyst leaving the halogenation zone is passed into a drying zone for removal of water formed in the combustion zone which has remained on the catalyst instead of being carried off with combustion gases. Water removal is accomplished by passing a hot dry air stream through the catalyst in the drying zone.

Abstract: An improved heat balanced hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed of the type employing circulating solids between a riser reactor (contactor) and regenerator (combustor). The ratio of circulating solid to hydrocarbon feed (C/O or cat-oil ratio) is increased by: directly cooling a portion of hot freshly regenerated contact material; passing a portion of hot regenerated material into the steam stripper; cooling hot regenerated contact material and charging it to the riser downstream of charging uncooled hot regenerated material which charging hydrocarbon feed to the bese of the riser along with lift gas or steam; or lifting hot regenerated contact material by a carbonizable lift gas into the riser before contacting it with hydrocarbon feed which is injected higher in the riser.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided to remove the heat during the regeneration of catalyst particles. A regenerator comprises a regeneration zone and a cooling zone having disposed therein a steam coil. The two zones are separated by a vertical partition open at both ends. Colder catalysts from the cooling zone flows into the regeneration zone and visa versa due to differences in densities of the fluidized particles in each zone. The flow of aeration steam to the cooling zone is controlled by a valve.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting multiple treatment steps needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Catalyst is contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove coke which accumulates on the catalyst while it is in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. After the coke is burned off in a combustion zone, catalyst is passed into a halogenation zone wherein a halogen is deposited on the catalyst. Catalyst leaving the halogenation zone is passed into a drying zone for removal of water formed in the combustion zone which has remained on the catalyst instead of being carried off with combustion gases. Water removal is accomplished by passing a hot dry air stream through the catalyst in the drying zone.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in its exhaust system with a particulate filter for trapping combustible particulates contained in exhaust gas. A combustion promoting material injection device is provided for injecting a material for promoting combustion of the combustible particulates into the exhaust system upstream of the particulate filter. Further there are provided a bypass exhaust passage which bypasses the combustion promoting material injection device and the particulate filter, and a flow control valve which controls the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the bypass exhaust passage to control the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter when said combustion promoting material is to be injected from the injecting device.

Abstract: A vessel for effecting multiple treatment steps needed to regenerate spent hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Regeneration is accomplished by means of a moving bed of catalyst, where catalyst is passed through several treatment zones in the regeneration vessel. Catalyst is contacted with a hot oxygen-containing gas stream in order to remove coke which accumulates on the catalyst while it is in a hydrocarbon conversion zone. After the coke is burned off in a combustion zone, catalyst is passed into a drying zone for removal of water formed in the combustion zone which has remained on the catalyst instead of being carried off with combustion gases. Water removal is accomplished by passing a hot dry air stream through the catalyst. This air stream is introduced into the bottom of the regeneration vessel and is heated by exchange of heat with catalyst, thereby effecting the required cooling of the catalyst. Before passing into the drying zone, the air is heated further by heating means located in the vessel.

Abstract: An air regenerator is provided comprising, in a cylindrical duct 4 communicating laterally with filtering cartridges 5, a venturi 1 whose outlet horn 1a is connected to a regenerated air outlet tube 3.The end of the inlet horn 1a is open and emerges inside duct 4. At a given distance with respect to horn 1b emerges a nozzle 2 whose mouthpiece is bored with a calibrated orifice of a diameter between 0.15 and 0.25 mm and whose thickness at the position of the bore is at most equal to the diameter of the orifice.The regenerator having such a nozzle connected to a pressurized oxygen cylinder is capable of sucking large amounts of air so that the voluminal yield expressed by the ratio of the volume of regenerated air to the volume of injected oxygen easily exceeds 37.

Abstract: A system is provided in which particulates and sulfur oxides are simultaneously removed from flue gases in a granular bed filter with special sulfur oxide-capturing and particulate-removing material. The spent sulfur oxide-capturing and particulate-removing material can be regenerated in a lift pipe riser.

Abstract: Used catalyst containing carbon and sulfur deposits is continuously regenerated by staged burnoff of the carbon and sulfur using a multiple zone treatment vessel containing thin beds of catalyst. The catalyst is exposed to successively increased temperatures and oxygen concentrations to effectively remove substantially all the carbon and sulfur deposits. The used catalyst can be that removed from hydroconversion processes, such as from H-Oil, H-Coal and fluid catalystic cracking processes, and processed in a multizone treatment vessel in combination with proper auxiliary heating equipment for continuous step-wise regeneration of the catalyst. Operating conditions of catalyst temperature, oxygen concentration of gas, and catalyst residence time in each stage of the catalyst regeneration process are carefully controlled to provide staged burnoff of carbon and sulfur deposits for superior regenerated catalyst results.

Abstract: A process is described for converting residual oil with fluid catalyst particles which comprises passing an upflowing suspension of fluid catalyst particles at an elevated temperature upwardy through a riser reaction zone/atomizing a residual oil feed to be converted to a particle size commensurate with the particle size of the catalyst particles in the upflowing suspension; discharging the atomized residual oil at a velocity in excess of 300 ft./sec. for contact with said upflowing catalyst particle suspension; maintaining the temperature of contact between said catalyst particles and said atomized residual oil feed suspension sufficiently elevated to obtain up to 50 percent thermal conversion of the atomized oil feed and catalytic conversion thereof by an order of magnitude greater than obtainable with a less atomized oil feed; and separating the suspension vaporous products of the previous step from catalyst particles in a time frame less than two seconds.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for regenerating particulate catalyst used in a hydrocarbon conversion process such as catalytic reforming. The method is especially applicable to moving bed reactor systems. The catalyst being regenerated slowly moves downward as a dense bed which is contacted with different gas streams at different elevations within the regeneration zone. The invention involves employing a portion of relatively hot combustion gas as a heating gas stream, with the remainder of the combustion gas being cooled and recycled to the combustion zone. This eliminates the need to employ a heater to provide a suitable heating gas stream.

Abstract: Apparatus for transferring particulate contact material by gravity from an upper contact zone wherein it is contacted by a first gas flowing radially, to a lower zone wherein it is contacted by a second gas flowing upwardly. The apparatus includes a generally annular transition zone which connects the upper and lower zones. The transition zone effectively isolates the second gas from contacting the particulate material in the upper zone. In a preferred embodiment in the form of a catalyst regenerator, catalyst particles can be sampled for carbon level in the transition zone to determine if the carbon burn-off therefrom is sufficiently complete in an upper radial flow regenerator bed by contact with a first gas, having a relatively low oxygen level. The sampling can be done on stream, even though a second gas, such as relatively oxygen-rich halogenation gas, is passing up through the catalyst in the lower zone.