Abstract: A process is proposed for producing pure hydrogen by steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, preferably natural gas or naphtha, with a simultaneously low and preferably adjustable export steam flow rate. The process includes the steam reforming of the feed gas, for which the heat of reaction required is provided by combustion of one or more fuel gases with combustion air in a multitude of burners arranged within the reformer furnace. According to the invention, the combustion air, before being introduced into the burners, is heated by means of at least one heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange with the hot flue gas to temperatures of at least 530° C.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a material intake device and a urea preparation machine. The material intake device includes a housing, an inlet port is provided at a first end of the housing, and an outlet port is provided at a second end of the housing, and the housing is further provided with an exhaust port used for exhausting an air in the housing; a separation plate is provided within the housing to isolate the inlet port from the exhaust port, an air inlet duct and an exhaust ductexhaust duct are formed respectively between the separation plate and sidewalls of the housing, the exhaust port is communicated with the exhaust ductexhaust duct, and an overflow port connecting the air inlet duct to the exhaust ductexhaust duct is provided between a bottom of the separation plate and the sidewalls of the housing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a differential hydrogenation reaction apparatus. The apparatus comprises a mixing vessel, a plurality of microreactors and a raw material conveying device, and the mixing vessel is provided with reaction product inlets; each microreactor is used as a hydrogenation reaction place and is provided with a liquid phase reaction raw material inlet and a reaction product outlet, each reaction product outlet is connected with the corresponding reaction product inlet, the plurality of microreactors are divided into one group or a plurality of groups which are arranged in parallel, and each group comprises at least one microreactor arranged in parallel; and the raw material conveying device is arranged on a feeding pipeline of the liquid phase reaction raw material inlet. The problems of high pressure unsafety and non-equilibrium in the hydrogenation reaction process can be effectively solved by adopting the reaction apparatus.

Abstract: An automatic calcium reactor preferably includes a reactor body, a carbon dioxide separator, a salt water pump, a recycling venturi and an electronic controller. The reactor body includes a lower chamber and an upper chamber. A source of calcium is placed in the upper chamber. The carbon dioxide separator is suspended near a top of the upper chamber. A salt water outlet is formed through a side wall of the reactor body. Salt water from the aquarium and salt water from the reactor body are fed into the salt water pump. A recycling venturi includes a salt water inlet, a carbon dioxide inlet and an outlet, which is connected to the lower chamber. A float switch is retained near a top of the upper chamber. Rising salt water inside the upper chamber trips the float switch and opens the carbon dioxide valve through the electronic controller.

Abstract: In certain aspects of the invention, a stackable device includes multiple elements stacked sequentially. A chamber is formed in each of the elements or between adjacent two of the elements, and each chamber is in fluid communication with an input channel and an output channel. The chambers are aligned with each other, and adjacent two chambers are separated from each other by a membrane. In certain aspects of the invention, a system includes at least one stackable device, each stackable device having multiple chambers; and at least one of a perfusion controller, a microformulator, and a microclinical analyzer in fluid communication with the at least one stackable device. In other aspects of the invention, the use of four microformulators, electrodes and an impedance analyzer can measure the impedance spectrum of each barrier in a multi-transwell plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for detecting a fungal contamination in an internal environment, to the use thereof and also to a method for detecting a fungal contamination in an internal environment using such a device.

Abstract: A refractory block for a steam reformer furnace tunnel includes a hollow main body, at least one first mechanical mating member defining a protruded portion extending from an upper surface of the main body, at least one second corresponding mechanical mating member defining an opening corresponding to the protruded portion formed in a portion of a lower surface of the main body, at least one third mechanical mating member defining a tab provided in a portion one of a first end and an opposed second end or a first side and an opposed second side of the main body, at least one fourth mechanical mating member comprising a groove formed in the other of the first end and the second end or the first side and the opposed second side of the main body, and at least one cavity formed in the lower surface of the main body.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus.

Abstract: Methods for protecting circuit device materials, optoelectronic devices, and caps using a reflowable getter are described. The methods, devices and caps provide advantages because they enable modification of the shape and activity of the getter after sealing of the device. Some embodiments of the invention provide a solid composition comprising a reactive material and a phase changing material. The combination of the reactive material and phase changing material is placed in the cavity of an electronic device. After sealing the device by conventional means (epoxy seal for example), the device is subjected to thermal or electromagnetic energy so that the phase changing material becomes liquid, and consequently: exposes the reactive material to the atmosphere of the cavity, distributes the getter more equally within the cavity, and provides enhanced protection of sensitive parts of the device by flowing onto and covering these parts, with a thin layer of material.

Abstract: This invention relates to the oligomerization of olefinic compounds in the presence of an activated oligomerization catalyst. The invention also extends to a particular manner for providing an activated oligomerization catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds, synthesis of, and methods for synthesizing metal alkoxide derivatives; and metal alkoxide derivatives for use as flame retardants are described. Group 13 metal alkoxides having flame retardant properties may be prepared by reacting the group 13 metal trihydroxide with an alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fuel supply for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including a liquid storage area that includes a liquid reactant, a reaction area that includes a solid reactant, wherein the liquid reactant is pumped into the reaction area such that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components, a product collection area that receives the reaction components, a barrier, and a container with an interior volume that substantially encloses the reaction area, liquid storage area, product collection area. The barrier separates and defines several of the aforementioned areas, and moves to simultaneously increase the product collector area and decrease the liquid storage area as the liquid reactant is pumped from the liquid storage area and the reaction components are transferred into the product collection area.

Abstract: A device including a first part made of ceramic material shrink fitted with a first shrink ring, in which an edge of an axial end of a cylindrical portion of the first part to which the first shrink ring is fitted and an edge of an axial end of the first shrink ring belong to one and the same transverse plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for cleaning and disinfecting contact lenses. In various respects, the invention is directed to an insulated system that reduces heat loss from catalyzed neutralization of a disinfecting solution resulting in an increased temperature of the disinfection solution during the disinfection process and neutralization of the disinfection solution. The increased temperature increases the kill rate (i.e., better reduction) of microorganisms present on the lenses, and increases the neutralization rate of the disinfection solution. Increase of the kill rate allows better reduction of microorganisms resistant to elimination using previous systems and methods, (e.g., Acanthamoeba cysts), and decreases the amount of time as compared to previous systems and methods necessary to reduce microorganisms to acceptable levels.

Abstract: A cracking furnace construction includes a firebox defining a chamber having a high emissivity thermal protective coating disposed on at least part of the refractory walls and/or on process tubes disposed within the chamber. The coating contains an inorganic adhesive for metal/alloy tubes or colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina for refractory walls or ceramic tubes, a filler, and one or more emissivity agents. A method of coating the firebox chamber includes preparing the surface of the tubes/refractory walls, preparing the coating, and applying the coating to the surface.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) used within a gas-generating apparatus. Hydrogen is separated from the reaction solution by passing through a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) having a hydrophobic lattice like member (36) disposed within a hydrogen output composite (32) further enhancing the ability of the hydrogen output composite's ability to separate out hydrogen gas and prolonging its useful life.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The reactor surfaces that contact the reactants and products do not provide a significant detrimental catalyzing effect. In an embodiment the reactor contains an inert lining or a portion of the reactor inner surface is treated to reduce the detrimental catalytic effects. In an embodiment the reactor contains a lining that includes an oxidative catalyst.

Abstract: A device including a first part having a substrate made of a material based on a silicon compound, a coating made of a coating material having a ceramic oxide, a transition layer having silica extending between the substrate and the coating, the transition layer exhibiting a thickness of less than 10 ?m, and a first shrink ring and/or a layer made of a compliant material having an alloy with at least two materials selected from silver, gold and palladium, the coating defining at least a portion of the interface between the first part, and the first shrink ring and/or the layer made of a compliant material.

Abstract: A reactor vessel for performing a steam reforming reaction having a vessel inlet for natural gas and steam; a vessel inlet for a hot gaseous medium; a vessel outlet for the steam reforming product; and a reactor space which is a bed of steam reforming catalyst, which reactor space inlet is fluidly connected to the inlet for natural gas and steam and at its outlet end fluidly connected with the outlet for the gaseous product; wherein inside the catalyst bed a passageway is provided fluidly connected to the vessel inlet for the hot gaseous medium for passage of hot gaseous mixture counter currently to the flow of reactants in the catalyst bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solution reaction apparatus and solution reaction method using the same, and more particularly a solution reaction apparatus and a solution reaction method using the same, wherein a reaction vessel is made by using a sealing member, a reaction vessel forming member, and a substrate serving as the bottom part of the reaction vessel so as to cause one side of a reaction solution only to contact the solution, thereby adjusting the temperature of the substrate differently from the temperature of the solution. The solution reaction apparatus of the present invention can control temperature of the substrate and temperature of the reaction solution separately, thereby it can control the temperature of the solution above the boiling point of the solution, and can react the solution while constantly maintaining the concentration of the solution by the solution circulatory device. Accordingly, it has an effect of freely forming various nanostructures on the substrate.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, said apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of no less than 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having carbon partial pressure of 10?22 bar and oxygen partial pressure of 10?10 bar, at a temperature of 1200° C.; wherein said refractory material has no less than 4 vol % formed porosity, measured at 20° C., based upon the bulk volume of said refractory material. In another embodiment, the refractory material has total porosity in the range of from 4 to 60 vol %.

Abstract: A method of converting C2 and/or higher alkanes to olefins by contacting a feedstock containing C2 and/or higher alkanes with a first surface of a metal composite membrane of a sintered homogenous mixture of an Al oxide or stabilized or partially stabilized Zr oxide ceramic powder and a metal powder of one or more of Pd, Nb, V, Zr, Ta and/or alloys or mixtures thereof. The alkanes dehydrogenate to olefins by contact with the first surface with substantially only atomic hydrogen from the dehydrogenation of the alkanes passing through the metal composite membrane. Apparatus for effecting the conversion and separation is also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds, synthesis of, and methods for synthesizing metal alkoxide derivatives; and metal alkoxide derivatives for use as flame retardants are described. Group 13 metal alkoxides having flame retardant properties may be prepared by reacting the group 13 metal trihydroxide with an alcohol.

Abstract: A microfluidic device comprising: a substrate having a microfluidic channel, an electrically conductive feature comprising an electrically conductive layer arranged on a primer layer and positioned with reference to the microfluidic channel, wherein the primer layer comprises: (i) an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of. (a) a homopolymer or copolymer including a vinyl lactam repeating unit, (b) a cellulose ether; (c) polyvinyl alcohol; and (d) unmodified or modified gelatin; and (ii) a porous particulate material, the organic polymer being dispersed in the porous particulate material, is provided. Methods for manufacturing the microfluidic devices and their use in a number of applications are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel reactor adapted for carrying out chemical reactions at temperatures of up to 1600° C., and at pressures of up to 100 bars. The reactor of the invention has two vessels surrounding the reaction zone, an inner vessel constituted by a refractory material and an outer vessel surrounding the inner vessel and constituted by an insulating material.

Abstract: The oxygen generation system includes a chemical oxygen generator that creates oxygen through an exothermic chemical reaction that creates sufficient heat to pose a serious risk to a user. The oxygen generation system therefore includes a containment layer to permit safer administration of oxygen from a chemical oxygen generator by shielding a user from and/or dissipating the heat generated by the chemical generator. The oxygen generation system may be handheld and portable for use in extreme, remote, and/or hostile conditions, locations, environments, and situations with a simple activation method easily operated under stress without any preparation or maintenance.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060° C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10?15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus.

Abstract: A reactor includes an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream using an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing, which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and is gastight in the circumferential direction, into an inner region having one or more catalytically active zones, each having a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided and into an outer region, which is supplied with an inert gas, arranged coaxially to the inner region. A heat exchanger is connected to the housing at one end of the reactor.

Abstract: The efficiency of heat transfer to a furnace tube or coil in a furnace for cracking ethane, propane or naphtha feedstocks, or a mixture thereof may be improved by providing protuberances on the surface of the tube or coil having i) a maximum height from 3 to 15% of the coil outer diameter, ii) a contact surface with a coil, or a base, which area is 0.1%-10% of the coil external cross section area, and iii) a geometrical shape which has a relatively large external surface containing a relatively small volume.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for thermally refining phosphorus. The apparatus comprises: a melting furnace for melting rock phosphate into melts, including a feed port and a melt outlet; and a reduction-oxidation furnace including a furnace body which gas a melt inlet, a slag outlet, and a fume outlet, and a blow gun, wherein the melt inlet and the melt outlet are in communication with each other and wherein the blow gun has an end inserted into the furnace body. The content of impurities in fumes containing phosphorus pentaoxide is low, and the phosphorus pentaoxide can be easily extracted with a high purity of the phosphorus pentaoxide and at low cost by means of the apparatus for thermally refining phosphorus according to the present invention.

Abstract: A reactor includes a reactor chamber and a carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer. The reactor chamber has an inlet and an outlet. The carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer is suspended in the reactor chamber, wherein the carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer defines a number of apertures, gases in the reactor chamber penetrate the carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer through the plurality of apertures.

Abstract: A fuel reformer includes a feedstream delivery unit and a catalytic reactor. The feedstream delivery unit is configured to receive reactants and to provide the reactants to the catalytic reactor. The reformer further includes a flame arrestor disposed between the feedstream delivery unit and the catalytic reactor, and at least one spacer disposed between the feedstream delivery unit and the catalytic reactor, wherein the spacer is configured to allow the reactants to flow therethrough while inhibiting thermal radiation therethrough. In a further aspect, the surfaces of the feedstream delivery unit that come into contact with the reactants in use include coatings that eliminate catalytic reactions of the feedstream within the feedstream delivery unit.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present techniques include a heat exchange apparatus including: a) a body comprising an interior cavity, the body including: a first surface and a second surface defining at least a portion of the body and the first surface positioned exterior with respect to the second surface and the interior cavity, and the second surface positioned exterior with respect to the interior cavity and interior with respect to the first surface; b) a first conduit for conveying a fluid to the body; c) a second conduit in fluid communication with the first conduit wherein the second conduit is positioned at least partially within the interior cavity of the body; and d) a joint between the first conduit and the second conduit, wherein the joint moves between a first location and a second location based on the temperature within the interior cavity, wherein at least one of said first location and said second location is positioned intermediate the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reduction-oxidation furnace for thermally refining phosphorus. The reduction-oxidation furnace comprises a furnace body and a blow gun, wherein the furnace body has a slag outlet, a fume outlet, and a melt inlet for feeding melts formed by melting rock phosphate into the furnace body and wherein the blow gun has an end inserted into the furnace body. The content of impurities in fumes containing phosphorus pentaoxide is low, the phosphorus pentaoxide can be easily extracted with a high purity of the phosphorus pentaoxide and at low cost by means of the reduction-oxidation furnace for thermally refining phosphorus according to the present invention.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a refractory material, said material comprising: (i) at least 20 wt. % of a first grain mode stabilized zirconia based upon the total weight of said material, said first grain mode having a D50 grain size in the range of from 5 to 2000 ?m, said stabilized zirconia including a matrix oxide stabilizer; (ii) at least 1 wt. % of a second grain mode having a D50 grain size in the range of from 0.01 ?m up to not greater than one-fourth the D50 grain size of said first grain mode zirconia, based upon the total weight of said material; and (iii) at least 1 wt. % of a preservative component within at least one of said first grain mode stabilized zirconia, said second grain mode stabilized zirconia, and an optional another grain mode; wherein after sintering, said material has porosity at 20° C. in the range of from 5 to 45 vol %.

Abstract: A fuel cartridge and a hydrogen generator are provided for supplying hydrogen gas to a hydrogen gas device. The fuel cartridge includes a fuel composition disposed in a container and a multi-layer package material, such as a laminate, enclosing the fuel composition therein. The laminate includes a polymer layer distal the fuel composition and a conductor layer proximate the fuel composition and including a preformed portion. The hydrogen generator includes a punch thermally coupled to a heater assembly and is configured to move between a retracted state and a puncture state. When the fuel cartridge is disposed in the hydrogen generating apparatus, the punch is configured to puncture the polymer layer and bring the coined portion into contact with the fuel composition. Heat is applied to a hydrogen containing material in the fuel composition through the punch and preformed portion to release hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A shell which encloses an interior and has at least one first orifice for feeding at least one gas stream into the interior and at least one second orifice for withdrawing a gas stream fed to the interior beforehand via the at least one first orifice from the interior, the surface of the shell, on its side in contact with the interior, being manufactured at least partly, in a layer thickness of at least 1 mm, from a steel which has a specific elemental composition, and in the interior, a process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is carried out in a reactor which is manufactured from the steel on its side in contact with the reaction gas.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A system for leaching a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutter element having a PCD table and a substrate, the system including a housing having an open first end and a closed second end and a lid removably and sealingly attached the first end of the housing. The housing and the lid define an inner chamber extending between the first end and the second end, and the inner chamber is configured to receive and hold a volume of liquid acid therein. In addition, the system includes a cutter element holder disposed within the inner chamber, wherein the PCD cutter element is suspended above the volume of liquid acid in the inner chamber with the holder.

Abstract: A reactor in the form of an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith is disclosed herein. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, gastight in the circumferential direction and open at two end faces of the housing into an inner region, having one or more catalytically active zones. In each case, a packing composed of monoliths may be stacked on top of one another, next to one another, and above one another and before each catalytically active zone. Also in each case, a mixing zone having solid internals and an outer region arranged coaxially to the inner region are provided.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) used within a gas-generating apparatus. Hydrogen is separated from the reaction solution by passing through a hydrophobic membrane assembly (28) having a hydrophobic lattice like member (36) disposed within a hydrogen output composite (32) further enhancing the ability of the hydrogen output composite's ability to separate out hydrogen gas and prolonging its useful life.

Abstract: A device for making nano-scale particles of titanium dioxide includes a vacuum chamber; an evaporator, a gas supplier, a vacuum pump assembly, and a product collecting device. The evaporator is mounted in the vacuum chamber. The gas supplier communicates with the vacuum chamber. The vacuum pump assembly communicates with the vacuum chamber. The product collecting device includes a pump, a guide pipe connected with the pump, and a powder collector communicating with the guide pipe. The pump communicates with the vacuum chamber. The guide pipe is inserted in the powder collector, the powder collector is filled with organic solvents. A method of making nano-scale particles of titanium dioxide using the device is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component comprising a plurality of plates stacked on each other, at least one of said plates being made of a ceramic material and in which a channel area is formed of fluid flow guide channels by means of webs, said channels having a flow connection to inlet and outlet openings, wherein the stack of plates is connected by force fit by means of a clamping device, and wherein a flat seal is disposed between each of the individual plates of the stack, wherein the flat seal is made of an elastic and/or compressible material and covers both the channel area and the areas encompassing the inlet and outlet openings, and at least partially covers the top sides of the webs forming the channels. The components according to the invention are pressure-tight, resistant to thermal shock, and can be dismantled.

Abstract: Embodiments of an invention disclosed herein relate to apparatuses and processes related thereto including modifications of support members that significantly reduce the magnitude of stress at junctions between the support members and the shell walls of the apparatuses.

Abstract: An improved reactor tube which includes a reactor tube, wherein the reactor tube is at least partially filled with at least one porous media catalyst, and at least one shape memory alloy element located within the reactor tube, wherein; at a first temperature, the shape memory alloy element has a first configuration, at a second temperature, the shape memory alloy element has a second configuration is provided.

Abstract: A system for preparing silica aerogel powders. The system includes a material supplier, a mixer, a drier and a recoverer. The material supplier transmitting de-ionized water, water glass, an organosilane compound, an inorganic acid and at least one organic solvent. Some of organic solvents are mixed and transmitted to the mixer and tramining organic solvent is transmitted to the mixer. The mixer mixes the materials transmitted from the material supplier so as to generate silica hydrogel. The drier dries the silica hydrogel so as to generate silica aerogel powders. The recoverer recovers some vaporized materials of the materials used in the mixer and the drier.

Abstract: Tube-bundle equipment for heat exchange operations at high pressures and temperatures, under conditions of high aggressiveness of the process fluids, comprising a titanium lining (11) and a series of tubes (1) consisting of at least one layer of zirconium (2), positioned in contact with said fluids, wherein the tube plate on which said tubes are inserted comprises an outer layer (S) of zirconium or an alloy thereof and an underlying layer (5) of titanium welded to the lining of the equipment. Said equipment is particularly used as a heat exchanger, for example as a stripper, in the high-pressure cycle of urea syntheses processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for converting silicon tetrachloride having hydrogen in a hydrodechlorination reactor comprising a catalyst. The invention further relates to a catalytic system for such a hydrodechlorination reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to urea plant with a CO2 and NH3 feed, which comprises a purge line, characterized in that the purge line is connected with a fuel gas input line of a utility plant or an NH3 plant.

Abstract: Method to prepare fluids (liquids and gases) containing pure chlorine dioxide which is not contaminated by the starting materials or the byproducts of the chlorine dioxide synthesis or to deliver pure chlorine dioxide into any medium capable of dissolving chlorine dioxide, wherein the chlorine dioxide generated in the process is transported across a pore free polymeric membrane via selective permeation into the target medium.