Abstract: Methods of identifying geological materials of interest comprising (i) providing a nanoprobe composition comprising one or more nanoprobes; wherein the nanoprobe includes (a) at least one tag; and (b) at least one signal generator; (ii) introducing the nanoprobes to a geological material; and (iii) detecting the presence of a signal generated by the signal generator on association of the tag with a target. Nanoprobe compositions identify geological materials, systems include such nanoprobe compositions, and methods use such nanoprobe compositions for the evaluation of geological materials.

Abstract: Viruses and other bioagents are of high medical and biodefense concern and their detection at concentrations well below the threshold necessary to cause health hazards continues to be a challenge with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity. Ideally, assays for accurate and real time detection of viral agents and other bioagents would not necessitate any pre-processing of the analyte, which would make them applicable for example to bodily fluids (blood, sputum) and man-made as well as naturally occurring bodies of water (pools, rivers). We describe herein a robust biosensor that combines the sensitivity of surface acoustic waves (SAW) generated at a frequency of 325 MHz with the specificity provided by antibodies and other ligands for the detection of viral agents.

Abstract: An optical element includes a metal layer in which a first direction is a thickness direction; metallic particles provided to be spaced from the metal layer in the first direction; and a light transmitting layer that separates the metal layer from the metallic particles, in which the size T of the metallic particles in the first direction satisfies a relationship of 3 nm?T?14 nm, and the size D of the metallic particles in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction satisfies a relationship of 30 nm?D<50 nm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optical detection of residual soil on articles (such as medical instruments and equipment), after completion of a washing or a rinsing operation by a washer. A soil detection system provides an indication of soil on the articles by detecting luminescent radiation emanating from the soil in the presence of ambient light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) wherein A?-specific antibodies in a biological sample of a person that is suspected of having AD are detected comprising the following steps: —contacting the sample with A?-aggregates or with particles having A?-aggregate like surfaces and allowing the A?-specific antibodies to bind to the A?-aggregates, and —detecting the A?-specific antibodies bound to the A?-aggregates by a single particle detection technique, preferably by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS); and wherein the amount of A?-specific antibodies detected is compared with the amount in a sample of known AD status.

Abstract: An article is provided for the detection of a drug in a liquid medium. The article includes a polymer having pores specifically imprinted to provide for capture of a drug in the pores, nanoparticles, and photochromic optical switch molecules. Capture of the drug in the pores of the polymer results in a change in the spatial relation of the nanoparticles in the polymer, causing the photochromic optical switch molecules to undergo a change in energy state which corresponds to a change in spectra of the photochromic optical switch molecules, thereby providing for detection of the drug.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic system for processing biological samples comprising a rotary motor; a means for controlling said motor; a platform coupled to the rotary motor and adapted to provide at least one particle-washing structure and one particle receiving structure for receiving washed particles; and a detection zone for detection of particles of the sample in the particle receiving structure while the platform rotates. The invention provides a sample processing system that is both automated and prone to fewer errors than manual processing. This is accomplished using a centrifugal microfluidic platform that can process raw biological samples (e.g., blood, sputum, urine,) in order to perform high-quality bead-based immunofluorescent assays. The invention uses a simple rotary motor and custom-designed plastic disc to perform the sample preparation steps outlined above.

Abstract: A sensor comprises a sensor housing, having a channel; a porous substrate, in the channel; an analysis chemistry reagent, on the porous substrate; and a nozzle, in fluid connection with the channel. The porous substrate fills a cross section of the channel, and the cross-sectional area of the channel at the porous substrate is greater than the cross-sectional area at the nozzle.

Abstract: An integrated microelectronic sensor is provided in a disposable flow membrane sensing device. The integrated sensors detect electromagnetic effect labels in flow detection zones above the sensor in the membrane. The labels are small particles that give off a detectable electromagnetic signal. They are commonly used for isolating and quantifying biochemical targets of interest. The sensors are fabricated using planar integrated circuit technologies. Sensors can detect labels of several types including magnetic, electric, and photonic. These types all have in common the fact that the sensor detects the label at a distance. Magnetoresistive sensors for detecting magnetic labels, and photodiodes for detecting photonic labels are described. A system for using the sensors is described. There are disposable cartridges with a backing that supports the sensors and membrane is described. The integrated sensor in the cartridge is designed to be discarded after use. Also, label excitation sources are provided.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample, the sensor including: a sensing region; and a barrier layer including a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-quenching, analyte-permeable membrane having an ROS-quenching agent adsorbed to the membrane; wherein the sensor is adapted so that the sample enters the sensing region of the sensor through the barrier layer.

Abstract: A separate excitation and high sensitive resonant type mass sensor is provided. The resonant type mass sensor 1 includes: an oscillator 3; an vibrator 2 placed on the oscillator 3; and a detecting unit 5 for detecting the resonant frequency of the vibrator 2, and is characterized in that the vibrator 2 and the oscillator 3 are not coupled mechanically and that the vibrator 2 is not mechanically coupled to any members. The vibration of the vibrator 2 is represented by a standing wave. The vibrator 2 includes a molecular recognition means for recognizing the molecules of a substance to be measured. The molecular recognition means may collect specific molecules by antigen-antibody reaction. The vibrator 2 may include at least a magnetizable part. To the magnetizable part, magnetic beads 26, to which an antibody or antigen is immobilized, may be adsorbed magnetically.

Abstract: Diagnostic methods and tools relating to diagnosing whether a pregnant subject is at risk for developing preeclampsia and/or early-onset preeclampsia within a short period of time. The methods include determining the amounts of the biomarkers sFlt-1 or Endoglin and PIGF in a first and a second sample of said subject, said first sample being obtained prior to said second sample; calculating a first ratio from the amounts of sFlt-1 or Endoglin and PIGF determined in the first sample, and a second ratio from the amounts of sFlt-1 or Endoglin and PIGF determined in the second sample; and comparing the value of the first and the second ratio, whereby a subject being at risk for developing preeclampsia within a short period of time is diagnosed if the value of the second ratio is increased compared to the value of the first ratio by a factor of at least about 3.

Abstract: The present Invention provides a method for diagnosing and/or prognosing Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) comprising the step of detecting O-glycosylation. in a protein comprising a Ser/Thr motive, in particular Serpin A1, and/or the level of sialic acid on a protein comprising a Ser/Thr motive, in particular Serpin A1. Further, the present invention relates to a molecule for detecting O-linked glycomoieties in a protein comprising a Ser/Thr motive, in particular Serpin A1, and/or glycosylated i so forms of a Ser/Thr motive comprising protein, in particular Serpin A1, for use in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Furthermore, the present invention relates to means for diagnosing and/or prognosing Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and a kit for diagnosing and/or prognosing Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods for ultra-sensitive detection of analytes of interest in a rapid and convenient manner. A portable handheld device having replaceable cartridges adaptable for detection of a wide array of analytes (e.g., biological, environmental, and the like) is provided. Sample wells containing bound capture antibodies are provided with microelectrical circuits across each of the sample wells such that there is a nanoscale gap which prevents passage of electrical current. A sample potentially containing the analyte of interest is pumped into a sample well containing bound capture antibodies directed to an first epitope of the analyte of interest. After removal of unbound sample, a metal-labeled antibody directed to a second epitope of the analyte of interest thereby, if the analyte of interest was present in the sample, a metal-labeled antibody-analyte-capture antibody complex remains bound to the sample well.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for predicting time-to-delivery in pregnant women. The methods include predicting that a pregnant woman will deliver within a predetermined time frame if PAMG-1 is determined to be present at a level above a predetermined detection threshold in a vaginal fluid sample obtained from the pregnant woman. Also provided are methods for determining a patient's risk of preterm labor and/or spontaneous rupture of the chorioamniotic membrane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single self-contained device for collecting, extracting, on-site testing, and transferring for forensic confirmatory analysis, a wide variety of substances including, but not limited to, drugs of abuse, explosives, weapons of mass destruction, food toxins and industrial wastes. Samples can be obtained from a surface by swabbing a suspect area or the testing of solid materials (pills, capsules, powders), air samples and biological and non-biological fluids by placing the substance in the device. The device includes a swab, a retention well including a wash, and analysis technologies that can be, for example, a lateral flow testing system. The swab is rinsed with a wash prior to testing thereby not compromising the chemistry of the detection technologies and allowing for a wide variety of applications under a number of field conditions. Also, the device is a single self-contained unit instead of having a separate reagent droppers or sprays, making it compact and easy to use.

Abstract: The present technology describes various embodiments of devices for processing, analyzing, detecting, measuring, and separating fluids. The devices can be used to perform these processes on a microfluidic scale, and with control over fluid and reagent transport. In one embodiment, for example, a device for performing chemical processes can include a porous wick comprising a pathway defined by an input end, an output end, and a length between the input end and the output end. The pathway is configured to wick fluid from the input end to the output end by capillary action. The device can further include a reagent placed on the pathway. The reagent can be placed in a pattern configured to control a spatial or temporal distribution of the reagent along the pathway upon wetting of the pathway.

Abstract: A test meter system for testing a characteristic of a fluid, the test meter system including a test meter having a housing with an opening adapted to accept a test strip, an interrogation coil within the housing, a pick-up coil within the housing, and a test strip including at least one magneto-elastic-resonance sensor. When the test strip is within the opening, the interrogation coil may utilize magneto-elastic-resonance technology to interrogate the magneto-elastic-resonance sensor and the pick-up coil may be used to sense a resultant oscillation frequency of the magneto-elastic-resonance sensor, the resultant oscillation frequency associated with the characteristic. The test strip may include a plurality of sensors. The sensors may be coated with a coating sensitive to a characteristic of the fluid, where the interrogation reveals information about the fluid characteristic.

Abstract: A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor system comprising: a SPR sensor surface, an illumination unit arranged to direct a wedge shaped beam of light at a line shaped detection area on the SPR sensor surface transverse to the direction of propagation of light, and a detection unit with detection optics for directing light reflected from the SPR sensor surface onto a two-dimensional optical detector unit such that the angle of reflection is imaged along one dimension and the width of the detection area along the other, wherein the illumination unit is arranged to selectively direct the wedge shaped beam of light at two or more spaced apart line shaped detection areas on the SPR sensor surface transverse to the direction of propagation of light.

Abstract: An assay device includes: a liquid sample zone; a reagent zone downstream and in fluid communication with the sample zone that includes a reagent cell having a line of symmetry in the direction of fluid flow; a reagent material in the reagent cell, wherein the reagent material includes a first reagent material located at the axis of symmetry and is left-right symmetric, and a second and third reagent material having a substantially identical shape and volume and located in mirror locations from the line of symmetry; a detection zone in fluid communication with the reagent zone; and a wicking zone in fluid communication with the detection zone having a capacity to receive liquid sample flowing from the detection zone. The sample addition zone, the detection zone and the wicking zone define a fluid flow path.

Abstract: A sample collection container and a cartridge system employ reagent bodies having reagents confined by a restraining agent. The sample collection container comprises one or more reagent bodies, each having one or more reagents confined by a restraining agent. The restraining agent is capable of being broken down to release the reagents which are dispersed through the restraining agent. The cartridge system comprises a reagent component for storing reagents and a processing component for processing the reagents in an assay. At least one of the components includes one or more reagent bodies, each having one or more reagents confined by a restraining agent capable of being broken down. The reagent component and the processing component are configured to be coupled together to form a cartridge, the reagent component and/or the processing component having at least one compartment to accept waste from the assay.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for detecting a chemical substance of the present invention perform the detection of a chemical substance by capturing the chemical substance with a capturing body prepared by utilizing a molecular template. The present invention provides a chemical sensor easy to use for general consumers at home as well as for medical personnel (medical doctors, medical technicians and nurses). In particular, an object of the present invention is to diagnose the symptom of stress disorder by detecting, with high sensitivity, a steroid hormone such as cortisol closely related to stress disorder, and to herewith contribute to the prevention and early treatment of stress disorder. The present invention provides a molecular template for a steroid hormone, including a polymer to interact with the steroid hormone. The polymer preferably includes, in the polymerization unit thereof, two or more functional groups to interact with the steroid hormone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an immunoaffinity device for capturing one or more analytes present at high or low concentrations in simple or complex matrices. The device is designed as an integrated modular unit and connected to capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography for the isolation, enrichment, separation and identification of polymeric macromolecules, primarily protein biomarkers. The integrated modular unit includes an analyte-concentrator-microreaction device connected to a modified cartridge-cassette.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, kits and devices for sensitive and efficient trapping, removing, detecting or quantification of a target compound in or from a substance. More specifically, the invention encompasses the use of at least one target-recognition composition comprising at least one nucleic acid-based aptamer that specifically recognizes and binds the target compound, and at least one DNA dendrimer labeled with at least one trapping, partitioning or detectable moiety.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the presence and/or amount of analytes in a fluid sample are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of diagnosing lung cancer in a patient, as well as methods of monitoring the progression of lung cancer and/or methods of monitoring a treatment protocol of a therapeutic agent or a therapeutic regimen. The invention also relates to assay methods used in connection with the diagnostic methods described herein.

Abstract: An analyzer provides conditions suitable for a reagent for performing latex immunoassay with a high sensitivity using a method of measuring scattered light. Irradiation light having a wavelength in the range of 0.65 to 0.75 ?m is used, and scattered light generated from a reaction solution is received at a light-receiving angle of 15° to 35° with respect to the irradiation direction during the rotational movement of the reaction container. The reagent contains latex particles the average peak particle diameter of which ranges from 0.3 ?m to 0.43 ?m and to which antibodies are sensitized. The reaction solution contains latex particles at a concentration at which the absorbance to irradiation light having a wavelength of 0.7 ?m is 0.25 abs to 1.10 abs, and a change in the amount of scattered light caused by the aggregation of the latex particles through antigens in a sample is measured and quantified.

Abstract: There is provided a device, such as a microfluidic device, for performing an assay including: a substrate comprising a channel, such as a microfluidic channel; at least one optical element having an input port arranged to be optically coupled to a light source; an output port optically coupled to at least a portion of the channel; and a light guide portion optically connecting the input port and output port; and a detection port optically coupled to said at least a portion of the channel. The device provides an improved geometry which addresses problems related to traditional orthogonal detection arrangements and in-line detection systems.

Abstract: A flow cell unit to be docked against a flat lid surface to form a closed flow cell arrangement, the flow cell unit comprising a top surface with protruding walls of elastic material defining three or more adjacent elongated flow channels, each flow channel comprises a first fluid port and a second fluid port, wherein the walls separating adjacent flow channels comprises a valve section of reduced height, thereby allowing selective opening and closing of a flow path transverse to the elongated flow channels by controlling the docking force between flow cell and the lid surface to an open docking state and a closed docking state respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a support for effectively capturing glycated protein in a sample, and a device and method for measuring the glycated protein by using the support.

Abstract: A method of component assembly on a substrate, and an assembly of a bound component on a substrate. The method comprises the steps of forming a free-standing component having an optical characteristic; providing a pattern of a first binding species on the substrate or the free standing component; and forming a bound component on the substrate through a binding interaction via the first binding species; wherein the bound component exhibits substantially the same optical characteristic compared to the free-standing component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of chemical detection. Specifically, the invention provides devices that respond quickly to various target chemical analytes present in the environment. Responses are based on a change in an electrical property (such as impedance or resistance) caused by adsorption or absorption of the target analyte(s) to or in a substrate-free chemical sensing element. The chemical sensing element is composed of a thin, electrically conductive polymer material (due to doping of structural polymer material(s) with electrically conductive particles and/or the use of electrically conductive polymer material(s)), which can allow vapors to pass through with little pressure drop. The chemical sensing material is either suspended in the environment, or emplaced adjacent to one or between two porous membranes, resulting in a sensing patch capable of high gas or vapor flux through the chemical sensing element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of applying a spot of an unlabelled biomolecule, e.g. antibody or protein antigen, to a surface of a reaction chamber of a diagnostic assay. This method comprising the steps of applying to the surface of the reaction chamber a solution comprising a sugar and comprising a non-labelled biomolecule, e.g. antibody or protein antigen, and allowing the solution to dry. In this method the biomolecule is in a concentration sufficient to saturate the binding places for a protein on the surface where the solution has been applied to. The present invention relates to a reaction chamber of a diagnostic device for performing a biomolecule, e.g. antibody or protein antigen, based detection assay. Herein,the reaction chamber comprises a detection region with one or more spots of an unlabelled biomoleculespots bound to the detection region. The one or more spots have a diameter of between 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The spot comprises a sugar and a protein and comprises between 0.01 and 0.

Abstract: In order to provide an immunoassay method and an immunoassay apparatus capable of further reducing errors due to non-target substances, a detector measures a measurement specimen and detects information regarding the binding number of carrier particles included in the measurement specimen. A controller classifies, based on the information regarding the binding number, particles included in the measurement specimen into groups, the groups being classified in accordance with the binding numbers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a phenytoin biosensor. In some embodiments, the phenytoin biosensor may comprise a microcantilever, a self-assembly monolayer, and a phenytoin antibody layer. The self-assembly monolayer may immobilize on the microcantilever surface. The phenytoin antibody layer may immobilize on the self-assembly monolayer. The phenytoin antibody layer may be used to bind with phenytoin drug samples. The present disclosure further relates to methods for measuring the concentration of phenytoin drug samples.

Abstract: In a centrifugal microfluidic device for conducting capture assays, a microfluidic platform rotates in a plane of rotation and has at least one capture surface for immobilizing a target particle of interest in the device. The capture surface oriented so that it is not parallel to the plane of rotation of the device and is positionally fixed in the device during operation of the device. The centrifugal force arising from rotation of the device forces the target particles against the capture surface. Capture efficiency is independent of the rate of flow of the fluid and independent of the rate of rotation of the microfluidic platform.

Abstract: An assay device includes: a liquid sample zone; a reagent zone downstream and in fluid communication with the sample addition zone containing a reagent material; a detection zone in fluid communication with the reagent zone. The detection zone has a substrate and projections which extend substantially vertically from the substrate, wherein the projections have a height, cross-section and a distance between one another that defines a capillary space between the projections capable of generating capillary flow parallel to the substrate surface. The device is capable of creating a reagent plume in the detection zone that includes liquid sample and dissolved reagent, where the width of the reagent plume extends substantially across the width of the detection zone, The device further includes a wicking zone in fluid communication with the detection zone having a capacity to receive liquid sample flowing from the detection zone.

Abstract: Fabrication of a microfluidic multi-temperature reaction device (MMR) and the design and fabrication of the equipment to drive various molecular biological methods on the device are provided. The device can be applicable, for example, to nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, cDNA, etc) amplification, cell lysis, reverse transcription and other enzymatic temperature sensitive and also temperature cycling reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an immunochromatographic detection sensor comprising optical waveguides and a detection method using the same, and more particularly, to an immunochromatographic detection sensor comprising optical waveguides, in which the optical waveguides are provided under the membrane, probe beams transmitted through the optical waveguide maximize the interaction frequency between evanescent wave generated on the surface of the optical waveguide and the colored conjugate in the band formed on the membrane, resulting in the absorbance signal from the colored conjugate being greatly amplified to improve the sample detection sensitivity, and to a detection method using the same.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide micro-fluidic systems and devices for use in performing various diagnostic and analytical tests. According to one embodiment, the micro-fluidic device includes a sample chamber for receiving a sample, and a reaction chamber for performing a chemical reaction. A bubble jet pump is structured on the device to control delivery of a fluid from the sample chamber to the reaction chamber. The pump is fluidically coupled to one or more chambers of the device using a fluidic channel such as a capillary. A valve may be coupled to one or more chambers to control flow into and out of those chambers. Also, a sensor may be positioned in one or more of the chambers, such as the reactant chamber, for sensing a property of the fluid within the chamber as well as the presence of a chemical within the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed that are configured to permit nanoplasmonic spectroscopy sensing in the form of colorimetric sensing. An example apparatus involves: (a) an array layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein a plurality of nanoholes are defined in the top surface of the array layer, wherein the plurality of nanoholes each have at least one sidewall surface and a bottom surface, (b) a thin metal film disposed on the top surface of the array layer and on the bottom surface of each of the plurality of nanoholes, and (c) a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the at least one sidewall surface of the plurality of nanoholes.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Abstract: In the present invention, it is demonstrated for the first time, the influence of electrical current on the ability of surface plasmons to amplify fluorescence signatures. An applied direct current across silver island films (SiFs) of low electrical resistance perturbs the fluorescence enhancement of close-proximity fluorophores. For a given applied current, surface plasmons in “just-continuous” low resistance films are sparsely available for fluorophore dipole coupling and hence the enhanced fluorescence is gated as a function of the applied current.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for dispersion of a labeling conjugate in a diagnostic assay, the result being a one-step assay. By eliminating a conjugate pad as in conventional lateral diagnostic devices, and forming a frazil ice pellicle (FIP), rehydration and flow are improved resulting in better reproducibility, improved sensitivity, and reduced costs of individual assay devices. The formation of a frazil ice film formed on a super cooled surface of a sample receiving means simplifies assay assembly. Lyophilization of the FIP improves the release of a sample/analyte/label matrix into into a macro channel as in a direct flow assay, while at the same time allowing reagents to mix and flow, thereby optimizing the assay performance. The reagents of the conjugate and the formation of the FIP stabilize the conjugate proteins and provide extended shelf life to the diagnostic assay device.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is provided a method for isolating chromatin from a sample, comprising a step of passing a liquid sample comprising chromatin through a rigid porous matrix on which a ligand is immobilized, wherein the ligand binds to a protein associated with the chromatin.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for analyzing a liquid sample. A micro-fluidic device to perform an assay of a liquid sample is described that includes a sample application site and a vent outlet in fluid communication with the capillary channel. A cap is provided that is configured to seal both the vent outlet and the sample application site in a shared volume and separate from an outside environment.

Abstract: Multi-color CL images of nanoparticle samples may be generated, by irradiating with a scanning electron beam a nanoparticle sample that containing a plurality of spectrally distinct optical emitters configured to generate CL light at respective different color channels, then detecting the CL light from the nanoparticles to generate multi-color NP-CL images of the nanoparticle sample. In some embodiments, SE (secondary electron) images of the sample may be acquire, substantially simultaneously with the acquisition of the CL images, so as to generate correlative NP-CL and SE images of the nanoparticle sample. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be surface-functionalized so that the nanoparticles selectively bind only to particular structures of interest.

Abstract: This invention provides a base material comprising a plastic-containing support and, on its surface, a hydrophilic layer comprising an ethylene glycol chain (an EG chain) composed of one or more ethylene glycol units, as well as a method for producing such base material. A polysiloxane-containing primer layer is provided on the support comprising a plastic material on its surface, and the EG chain is covalently bound to a polysiloxane side chain of the primer layer. Thus, a hydrophilic layer comprising the EG chain can be provided on the surface of the plastic-containing support.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the field of cancer prediction. Specifically, it relates to a method for predicting the risk of recurrence of bladder cancer in a subject after treatment of bladder cancer comprising the steps of determining the amount of at least one biomarker selected from the biomarkers shown in Table, and comparing the amount of said at least one biomarker with a reference amount for said at least one biomarker, whereby the risk of recurrence of bladder cancer is to be predicted. The present invention also contemplates a method for identifying a subject being in need of a further bladder cancer therapy. Encompassed are, furthermore, diagnostic devices and kits for carrying out said methods.

Abstract: A method of generating a metamater-operable in the visible-infrared range is provided. The method comprises a) depositing a layer of a conductive material on a substrate; b) forming a layer of electron beam resist on the layer of conductive material; c) patterning the layer of electron beam resist using electron beam lithography to form a patterned substrate; d) depositing a layer of a noble metal on the patterned substrate; and e) removing the resist. A metamaterial operable in the visible-infrared range comprising split-ring resonators having a least line width of about 20 nm to about 40 nm on a substrate is provided. A transparent photonic device or a sensor for chemical or biological sensing comprising the metamaterial is also provided.