Abstract: A method determines a potential poisoning of a sensor of an electronic nose by a volatile compound following an exposure of the sensor to a gaseous sample including at least this volatile compound. If there is poisoning, the method determines whether the sensor is still functional such that the sensor is still capable of carrying out one or a plurality of reliable measurements, or on the contrary, whether the sensor is saturated and must no longer be used. The method may be used with any type of electronic nose.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting oxidizable gases may comprise a catalytically inactive surface and a catalytically active surface on opposite sides of a sensor element and a thermal element running through the sensor element to connect the two surfaces, with a device for measuring a thermoelectric voltage between the catalytically active surface and the inactive surface as a measure of the difference in temperature and therefore the gas concentration. The sensor may include a hot plate mounted on a base carrier by means of narrow arms, wherein the thermal element includes at least one via extending through the hot plate and connecting the two surfaces to one another, and in the region of which the thermoelectric voltage is measured.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing respiratory gas are configured to function in both divertive and non-divertive configurations. A mainstream gas analyzer housing economically and removably couples with a sidestream gas sampling component.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for the identification of chemical agents and determination of their level of exposure using electrochemical detection and advanced signal processing. In one aspect, a method includes collecting a sample from a surface containing a chemical agent to an electrode on a sensor such that the chemical agent transfers on the electrode, detecting an electrochemical signal of the chemical agent on the electrode to transduce chemical information associated with the chemical agent to an electrical signal, processing the electrical signal to obtain electrochemical spectral signature data to identify the chemical agent and generating a series of coefficients of the electrochemical spectral signature data to reduce the data, and classifying the chemical information based on the series of coefficients among preselected data sets to determine a level of exposure to the chemical agent.

Abstract: A combined gas sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are connected via an ion-conducting material. The first electrode is covered, in part, by a first catalytically active material. Further, a resistive gas sensor formed by a third electrode is arranged such that the third electrode is in direct contact with the first catalytic material and is not in direct contact with the first electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-temperature furnace for T(O)C measurement of a sample, which has a furnace housing which bounds a vaporization space and has a sample opening for the dropwise introduction of the sample and at least one flushing opening for introduction of a flushing liquid. According to the invention, the furnace housing is lined with a spinel ceramic on an inner side facing the vaporization space. By means of the spinel ceramic, the vaporization space is lined with a material which allows particularly high temperatures within the vaporization space and thus very complete combustion and is at the same time very resistant to temperature changes. This allows cleaning with a flushing liquid at essentially the operating temperature of the vaporization space and removal of deposited salts, in particular recrystallized organic salts, from the vaporization space in the flushing liquid in dissolved or undissolved form.

Abstract: Provided is a gas sensor that needs no temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of a heater for preventing dew condensation. The gas sensor comprises a hydrogen sensor 1 including: an element housing 13 having a detection chamber 13a to which hydrogen is introduced; a detection element 31 arranged in the detection chamber 13a and detecting hydrogen; a heater 21 for heating the detection chamber 13a by heat generation via passing an electric current through the heater 21, a resistance value of the heater 21 being changed corresponding to a temperature of the detection chamber 13a; and a microcomputer 51 and a heater operation circuit 52 for controlling the heater 21. Herein, the microcomputer 51 controls a temperature of the detection chamber 13a by adjusting the electric current passing through the heater 21 based on the resistance value of the heater 21.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to jet assemblies that include a substantially inert fluid flow path. In some examples, a jet assembly includes a fluid flow path comprising a substantially inert metal in a fluid flow path. Devices and systems using the jet assembly are also described. In other embodiments, a brazeless or weldless jet assembly is provided. In some embodiments, the brazeless jet assembly may include an inert material or coating, e.g., a silica coating, in a fluid flow path.

Abstract: A chemochromic sensor for detecting a combustible gas, such as hydrogen, includes a chemochromic pigment and a textile polymer. The textile material includes a chemochromic pigment operably responsive to a combustible gas. The combustible gas sensing textile material can be made by melt spinning, solution spinning, or other similar techniques. In a preferred embodiment carbon nanotubes are used with the textile material which will increase the material strength and alter the thermal and/or electrical properties. These textiles woven into fabrics can provide garments not only with hydrogen sensing capabilities but the carbon nanotubes will allow for a range of sensing capabilities to be embedded (i.e. gas, health, and electronic monitors) within the garments.

Abstract: An aircraft air system includes a gas turbine engine, a bleed air duct directing compressed air bled from a compressor to an inner compartment within the aircraft, and an air contamination detector located downstream of the gas turbine engine compressor. The air contamination detector includes a visual indicator which detects the presence of a fluid contaminant within the bleed air.

Abstract: A chemochromic sensor for detecting a combustible gas, such as hydrogen, includes a chemochromic pigment mechanically mixed with a polymer and molded into a rigid or pliable shape. In a preferred embodiment, the chemochromic detector is within the material which is molded into a manufactured part, said part becoming the detector itself. The detector is robust and easily modifiable for a variety of applications and environmental conditions, such as atmospheres of inert gas, hydrogen gas, or mixtures of gases, or in environments that have variable temperature, including high temperatures such as above 100° C. and low temperatures such as below ?196° C.

Abstract: In order to completely decompose remaining urea contained in exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine to make it possible to accurately measure an amount of the remaining urea, as well as preventing measurement accuracy and reliability from being damaged by some cause such as the attachment of powdery urea on a sensor, a gas analysis apparatus is provided with a filter part that is provided between a sampling port and a produced substance measuring mechanism in a mixed gas sampling pipe to collect urea in a solid state or in a state of being dissolved in water in mixed gas.

Abstract: A combustible gas sensor for detecting a combustible analyte includes a first sensing element including a first conductive element in electrical connection with an electronic circuitry, a first support structure in operative connection with the first conductive element, a catalyst supported on the first support structure for catalyzing a reaction of the analyte, and a system for measuring a variable related to the reactance of the first sensing element. Changes in the measured variable over time provide an indication of an operational status of the first sensing element.

Abstract: A method is provided for the measurement of parameters of a gas present in a gas turbine combustion chamber. The method includes tuning a laser to a range containing the absorption lines of species to be analyzed in the gas, and directing the laser light through the combustion chamber and detecting laser light reflected off boundary walls of the combustion chamber. In order to analyze the absorption spectrum measured at high temperatures and pressures, a signature recognition algorithm is applied to the spectrum. The measured absorption spectrum is cross-correlated with a calibration absorption model spectrum for the absorption lines at several temperatures, pressures, and concentrations generated prior to the measurement. Values for pressure, temperature, and concentrations of selected species in the gas are determined simultaneously allowing direct control of the combustion chamber process. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: A gas-sensing element configured to measure a concentration of a specific component of a gas is mounted to a first circuit board which includes a driving circuit configured to drive the gas-sensing element. A moisture-proof material is disposed over at least one side of the first circuit board disposed in a tubular gas-sensing element case fixed to a sensor case. A gas-sensing chamber is defined by the first circuit board and an inner tubular surface of the gas-sensing element case, and opens at an open end of the gas-sensing element case to receive the gas to be monitored. A second circuit board which includes a control circuit configured to control the gas-sensing element via the driving circuit is fixed to a sensor case, and disposed in a position separate from the gas-sensing chamber such that the second circuit board is kept out of contact with the gas to be monitored.

Abstract: A fluorescence based sensor (10) is disclosed and described. The sensor (10) can include nanofibril materials (12) fabricated from a linear carbazole oligomer and a fluorescence detector (14). The linear carbazole oligomer can have the formula (I) wherein n is 3 to 9, R are independently selected amine sidegroups, and at least one, but not all, R is a C1 to C14 alkyl. The carbazole-based fluorescence based sensors (10) can be particularly suitable for detection of explosives and volatile nitro compounds.

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor using a hydrogen-absorbing alloy containing an Mg—Ni-based alloy and a Zr—Ti-based alloy includes a substrate (2), a hydrogen reaction layer (3) formed on the substrate (2) and containing the Mg—Ni-based alloy and the Zr—Ti-based alloy, and a first catalyst layer (4) formed on the hydrogen reaction layer (3) and capable of accelerating hydrogenation of the Mg—Ni-based alloy.

Abstract: A concentration measuring device with which the concentration measurement of a test substance can be facilitated as compared to a conventional technique is provided. The concentration measuring device includes: first to third pipes together forming a circulation path through which a gas can circulate; a pump for flowing the gas in a circulating direction in the circulation path; a sample disposed in the circulation path; and a concentration measuring mechanism for measuring a concentration of a target substance from the sample in the circulation path. The concentration measuring mechanism includes, for example, a sample heater, a catalyst, a catalyst heater, a detection chamber, a concentration sensor, and a control unit.

Abstract: Methane gas in a ruminant exhalation may be oxidized to reduce the amount of methane gas output by the ruminant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for producing CO2, N2 and/or SO2 from a sample for a quantitative analysis of the sample, comprising a reactor structure and metals acting in an oxidizing manner or metal oxides in the reactor. According to the invention, the reactor structure has at least two zones through which the sample can flow, which is to say a first zone with reactor metal and reservoir metal, or only reactor metal, and following the first zone, a second zone with reactor metal and reservoir metal, or only reservoir metal, wherein both metals can form oxides, and wherein the ratio of the reactor metal to the reservoir metal in the first zone is greater than in the second zone.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring soot of a diesel engine includes an exothermic element that consists of TiO2 support to which Ag is fixed and is combustion-reacted with the sort of exhaust gas, a comparison element that consists of TiO2 support and is not combustion-reacted with the soot of exhaust gas, and a measuring section for deducing the soot formation amount by using the temperature difference between the exothermic element and the comparison element.

Abstract: A system for sensing SOF (soluble organic fraction) of a diesel engine, may include a combustion element including a porous ceramic structure supported with a catalyst material which causes a combustion reaction of the SOF in exhaust gas of the diesel engine, a comparative element including a porous ceramic structure supported with a stable material which does not cause a combustion reaction of the SOF, and a detecting unit detecting a temperature of the combustion element and a temperature of the comparative element and determining an amount of the SOF in the exhaust gas using a temperature difference between the combustion element and the comparative element.

Abstract: A sensor device for measuring SOF (Soluble Organic Fraction) of a diesel engine, may include an exothermic catalyst including a TiO2 support impregnated with platinum (Pt) and causing a combustion reaction of the SOF to generate heat, a comparative catalyst including a TiO2 support and not causing a combustion reaction of the SOF, and a measuring unit determining a discharge amount of the SOF using a temperature difference between the exothermic catalyst and the comparative catalyst.

Abstract: With a device for combustion analysis, comprising an induction furnace with a furnace chamber, in which carrier gas can flow during operation via at least one gas inlet to a gas outlet, and in which a sample to be analyzed can be arranged and burned in a sample container, a hollow protective element is provided and, with normal operation of the device, is arranged in the furnace chamber directly above the sample in such a way that the end of the protective element facing towards the sample, together with the sample container, forms a constriction for the carrier gas flow, wherein the protective element is desgned to convey gases produced during the combustion of the sample through the protective element and to the gas outlet.

Abstract: A (H2) sensor composition includes a gas permeable matrix material intermixed and encapsulating at least one chemochromic pigment. The chemochromic pigment produces a detectable change in color of the overall sensor composition in the presence of H2 gas. The matrix material provides high H2 permeability, which permits fast permeation of H2 gas. In one embodiment, the chemochromic pigment comprises PdO/TiO2. The sensor can be embodied as a two layer structure with the gas permeable matrix material intermixed with the chemochromic pigment in one layer and a second layer which provides a support or overcoat layer.

Abstract: A fluorescence based sensor (10) is disclosed and described. The sensor (10) can include nanofibril materials (12) fabricated from a linear carbazole oligomer and a fluorescence detector (14). The linear carbazole oligomer can have the formula (I) where n is 3 to 9, Rn are independently selected amine sidegroups, and at least one Rn is a C1 to C14 alkyl. The carbazole-based fluorescence based sensors (10) can be particularly suitable for detection of explosives and volatile nitro compounds.

Abstract: A gas sensor is provided. The substrate of the gas sensor has a first surface, a second surface and a cavity. The cavity has an opening at the first surface. An insulating film is disposed on the first surface and covers the opening. A heating unit is embedded in the insulating film and located above the opening. An electrode pair is disposed on the insulating film and electrically separated from the heating unit. A buffer layer is disposed on the insulating film and located above the heating unit. The buffer layer is electrically connected to the electrode pair, and at least part of an orthogonal projection of the buffer layer on the first surface is located on the substrate next to the opening. The gas sensing layer is disposed on the buffer layer and has a nano-catalyst therein.

Abstract: An assembly and method for gas analysis. The assembly comprises a catalyst compartment for catalytically reacting a component of a gas sample, producing one or more gas species as products. A product compartment receives the gas species, and a sensing element within the compartment senses the amount of one or more of the gas species. This amount is compared to the amount of the same gas species present in a reference compartment containing a non-catalyzed gas sample, providing the amount of the gas species produced by catalysis. Using this value, the content of the gas component in the gas sample is calculated based upon the stoichiometry of the catalyzed reaction. In preferred embodiments, the gas for analysis is a process gas for fuel production, and the catalyst is a high temperature shift catalyst that catalyzes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid analysis device that comprises an analyzer and a system for supplying an instrumentation gas to said analyzer, characterized in that the supply system includes at least one mixer generating said instrumentation gas, and at least one purifier located downstream from said at least one mixer and upstream from said analyzer.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor comprising an oxygen sensing compound and configured to substantially mitigate leaching of the oxygen sensing compound from the oxygen sensor to an outer surface thereof is provided. The oxygen sensor may comprise one or more layers. A first portion of the oxygen sensor is configured to be permeable to gas and comprises an oxygen sensing material. A second portion is disposed with or on the first portion and is configured to be permeable to gas and substantially impermeable to the oxygen sensing material.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting a concentration of one or more element in hydrocarbon and/or natural gas in a oil and gas field application. The device including a microstructure having a low thermal mass suspended within a channel, the microstructure includes a supporting layer and a insulating layer; a controllable thermal device in communication with the supporting layer of the microstructure, wherein the controllable thermal device is controllably heated to one or more release temperature of the one or more element; a sensing layer arranged on the insulating layer to absorb molecules of the one or more element from hydrocarbon and/or natural gas; a detecting and measuring resistance device in communication with the sensing layer for measuring the resistance changes caused by absorption of molecules of the one or more element onto the sensing layer at a first temperature and a second temperature, and storing the data on a processor.

Abstract: A system for detecting a gas released during production of methamphetamine in a residential building includes a sensor. The sensor is attached to a part of the residential building. The sensor outputs a signal in response to detection of a concentration of the gas up to a lower explosive limit of the gas. The system includes a communication link. The communication link receives a signal from the sensor and is configured to produce an output in response to the signal.

Abstract: Reigniting a flame in a volatile organic compound (VOC) detector in the event that the flame has gone out. In one implementation, a signal is received at a handheld personal computer indicating that a flame in the VOC detector has gone out. The flame in the VOC detector may then be reignited using the handheld personal computer and a Bluetooth enabled device facilitating communication between the handheld personal computer and the VOC detector.

Abstract: A device for sensing a gas comprises a plastics housing (106, 107) moulded in situ around at least one portion of a conducting lead frame (100), the housing defining an enclosure (113) and being provided with means for enabling gas flow into the enclosure. A gas sensitive element (114) within the enclosure (113) is mounted to the conducting lead frame (100). The conducting lead frame (100) comprises connection leads which are accessible through, and at least partially encapsulated by, the wall of the housing.

Abstract: A microfabricated TID comprises a microhotplate and a thermionic source disposed on the microhotplate. The microfabricated TID can provide high sensitivity and selectivity to nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing compounds and other compounds containing electronegative function groups. The microfabricated TID can be microfabricated with semiconductor-based materials. The microfabricated TID can be combined with a microfabricated separation column and used in microanalytical system for the rapid on-site detection of pesticides, chemical warfare agents, explosives, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds that contain nitrogen or phosphorus.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are formed on projections on a substrate. A metal, such as nickel is deposited on the substrate with optional platforms, and heated to form the projections. Carbon nanotubes are formed from the projections by heating in an ethylene, methane or CO atmosphere. A heat sensor is also formed proximate the carbon nanotubes. When exposed to IR radiation, the heat sensor detects changes in temperature representative of the IR radiation. In a gas sensor, a thermally isolated area, such as a pixel is formed on a substrate with an integrated heater. A pair of conductors each have a portion adjacent a portion of the other conductor with projections formed on the adjacent portions of the conductors. Multiple carbon nanotubes are formed between the conductors from one projection to another. IV characteristics of the nanotubes are measured between the conductors in the presence of a gas to be detected.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to prion deactivating compositions and methods for using the same. The prion deactivating composition may comprise at least one prion denaturing agent and at least one prion deactivating enzyme. The invention relates to a method of cleaning and/or sterilizing a material contaminated with infectious proteins.

Abstract: A chemochromic sensor for detecting a combustible gas, such as hydrogen, includes a chemochromic pigment mechanically mixed with a polymer and formed into a rigid or pliable material. In a preferred embodiment, the chemochromic detector includes aerogel material. The detector is robust and easily modifiable for a variety of applications and environmental conditions, such as atmospheres of inert gas, hydrogen gas, or mixtures of gases, or in environments that have variable temperature, including high temperatures such as above 100° C. and low temperatures such as below ?196° C.

Abstract: A gas detection apparatus A comprises a signal processing circuit 20, a Wheatstone bridge circuit 21, integrating circuits 22 and 23, a differential amplification circuit 24, a direct current power supply circuit 25, a heater voltage application circuit 26. The Wheatstone bridge circuit 21 is configured of parallel combination of series circuits: one composed of a catalytic combustion type gas sensor 1 and a load resistor R1, and the other composed of a resistor R2, a variable resistor VR1 and a resistor R3. The heater voltage application circuit 26 is configured to generate a pulsed heater voltage by switching a direct current voltage of the direct current power supply circuit 25 through a transistor TR1 for applying the pulsed heater voltage to the Wheatstone bridge circuit 21. The integrating circuit 22 integrates a voltage at a connection point between the gas sensor 1 and the load resistor R1.

Abstract: A gas probe, in particular a lambda probe for the analysis of exhaust gases from a mobile internal combustion engine, includes at least one protective device, at least partly surrounding a sensitive sensor element of the gas probe, which comes into contact with a gas. The at least one protective device includes a gas contact face which at least partly has a hygroscopic surface.

Abstract: Methods, processes and compositions are provided for a visual or chemochromic hydrogen-detector with variable or tunable reversible color change. The working temperature range for the hydrogen detector is from minus 100° C. to plus 500° C. A hydrogen-sensitive pigment, including, but not limited to, oxides, hydroxides and polyoxo-compounds of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium and combinations thereof, is combined with nano-sized metal activator particles and preferably, coated on a porous or woven substrate. In the presence of hydrogen, the composition rapidly changes its color from white or light-gray or light-tan to dark gray, navy-blue or black depending on the exposure time and hydrogen concentration in the medium. After hydrogen exposure ceases, the original color of the hydrogen-sensitive pigment is restored, and the visual hydrogen detector can be used repeatedly.

Abstract: A lead portion (25) of a heater coil (22) is constituted of a single coil wound into a coil and a bead portion (24) is constituted of a double coil formed by further winding the single coil into a coil. By constituting a detecting element (2) by burying the bead portion (24) in a heat conductive layer (21) and adhering a catalyst layer (23) on the surface of the heat conductive layer (21), improvement of the gas sensitivity and the response speed of a catalytic combustion gas sensor is facilitated. Zero point variation is reduced by improving impact resistance. When both ends of the heater coil are fixed to electrode pins, both ends of the heater coil are welded to the electrode pins using a resistance welding method, etc., with a platinum wire, etc., wound on a primary core wire, and thereafter, the primary core wire is melted and eliminated while leaving the platinum wire, etc., by a wet etching process.

Abstract: A lead portion (25) of a heater coil (22) is constituted of a single coil wound into a coil and a bead portion (24) is constituted of a double coil formed by further winding the single coil into a coil. By constituting a detecting element (2) by burying the bead portion (24) in a heat conductive layer (21) and adhering a catalyst layer (23) on the surface of the heat conductive layer (21), improvement of the gas sensitivity and the response speed of a catalytic combustion gas sensor is facilitated. Zero point variation is reduced by improving impact resistance. When both ends of the heater coil are fixed to electrode pins, both ends of the heater coil are welded to the electrode pins using a resistance welding method, etc., with a platinum wire, etc., wound on a primary core wire, and thereafter, the primary core wire is melted and eliminated while leaving the platinum wire, etc., by a wet etching process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas sensitive apparatus that is useful in view of its applicability to the detection or quantitative determination of individual gases present in a gas mixture, and is advantageous in view of its compact size, and its low power consumption.

Abstract: A hotplate chemical trace detector comprising a heatable conducting plate with a heater element having a predetermined temperature-power characteristic. A balancing circuit comprises an adjustable resistor for tuning the heater element to a predefined resistor value. A processor is provided for adjusting the adjustable resistor so as to provide a stabilized temperature in said heatable conducting plate and a detection circuit is provided for detecting a change of resistance in the heatable conducting plate in accordance with the presence of a chemical trace reacting in the presence of the conducting plate. According to the invention a test circuit is provided for measuring a dissipated power in the heater element and for calculating a real temperature from the dissipated power in the heater element based on the predetermined temperature-power characteristic.

Abstract: A combustible gas detector, which has low power consumption, low-noise and high-speed response and which enable miniaturization, a process for producing the combustible gas detector, and a fuel cell system equipped with a combustible gas detector are provided. The combustible gas detector for detecting a combustible gas includes a catalyst for reaction with the combustible gas, a first displacement unit including a flexible member, which is displaced with catalytic combustion by the reaction of the catalyst with the combustible gas, and electrical contacts, which are switched by the displacement of the flexible member in the first displacement unit.

Abstract: A portable monitor used to measure landfill gas and landfill well parameters. The portable monitor includes a control unit and a measuring unit that can communication wirelessly with one another. The control unit and/or measuring unit can includes a heating arrangement to increase the temperature of one or more components in the control unit and/or measuring unit in cold environments.

Abstract: A portable monitor used to measure landfill gas and landfill well parameters. The portable monitor includes a control unit and a measuring unit that can communication wirelessly with one another. The control unit and/or measuring unit can includes a heating arrangement to increase the temperature of one or more components in the control unit and/or measuring unit in cold environments.

Abstract: A circuit with at least one catalytic measuring element (1), in which the at least one catalytic measuring element (1) is connected to a supply voltage (5) without a protective resistor and without a thermal safety device arranged upstream. The circuit makes it possible to develop gas-measuring devices with catalytic measuring elements that are characterized by an especially low power consumption.

Abstract: An energy content meter can spectroscopically quantify oxidation products after oxidation of a combustible mixture. The measured oxidation product concentrations or mole fractions can be converted to an energy content of the un-oxidized combustible mixture using a conversion factor that relates oxygen consumption during oxidation of the combustible mixture to the energy content of the combustible mixture.