Abstract: A method of processing a non-virgin sulfuric acid solution for the preparation of aluminum sulfate comprises the steps of combining a sulfuric acid solution having less than 90% sulfuric acid with water to form a mixed solution of no less than about 10% sulfuric acid. An alumina-containing compound such as aluminum hydroxide or aluminum bauxite is then added, the combination forming a pH of 2.0 or less. Once a specific gravity of less than about 1.36 is reached, the aluminum sulfate cools and settles overnight before filtering and/or storing.

Abstract: A concentrated solution of a metal salt in a non-aqueous solvent system. A product of the process of making a concentrated solution of a metal salt in a non-aqueous solvent system.

Abstract: A method of processing a non-virgin sulfuric acid solution for the preparation of aluminum sulfate comprises the steps of combining a sulfuric acid solution having less than 90% sulfuric acid with water to form a mixed solution of no less than about 10% sulfuric acid. An alumina-containing compound such as aluminum hydroxide or aluminum bauxite is then added, the combination forming a pH of 2.0 or less. Once a specific gravity of less than about 1.36 is reached, the aluminum sulfate cools and settles overnight before filtering and/or storing.

Abstract: The composition of a gas or gas stream containing AlCl3 in a chemical reactor is measured by removing AlCl3 from the gas and analyzing the gas by gas chromatography or spectroscopy. Chlorosilanes may be prepared in a fluidized bed reactor having a reactor height H0, in which supplied HCl reacts with silicon, wherein a temperature profile in the fluidized bed reactor is greater than S1(H/H0)=(a1?b1)*(1/(1+exp(?c1((H/H0)?d1))))+b1 and less than S2(H/H0)=(a2?b2)*(1/(1+exp(?c2((H/H0)?d2))))+b2, where a1=100° C., a2=300° C., b1=300° C., b2=400° C., c1=50, c2=20, d1=0.2, and d2=0.8.

Abstract: A zeolite material is provided having non-boron heteroatoms on the external surface of the zeolitic material lattice framework and B heteroatoms, or silanols created from boron hydrolysis, throughout the remainder of the lattice framework. The lattice framework of the zeolite material comprises large pore 12 member ring or larger openings at the external surface of the framework, and 10 member ring or smaller openings beneath the external surface large pore openings. Also provided is a process for preparing the zeolitic material.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal chalcogenide dispersion usable in forming a light absorbing layer of a solar cell, the method including: a metal chalcogenide nano particle formation step in which at least one metal or metal compound selected from the group consisting of a group 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 metal or metal compound, a water-containing solvent and a group 16 element-containing compound are mixed together to obtain metal chalcogenide nano particles; and an addition step in which a compound (1) represented by general formula (1) is added to the metal chalcogenide nano particles, thereby obtaining a metal chalcogenide dispersion (wherein R1 to R4 each independently represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a hydrogen atom; provided that at least one of R1 to R4 represents a hydrocarbon group).

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for the addition of a CGM to precipitation liquor of a Bayer process. The CGM comprises a neopolyol, an ester derived from a neopolyol, and/or an ether derived from a neopolyol. Optionally the CGM may comprise water and/or an antifoaming agent and/or a hydrocarbon carrier liquid. The CGM is quite effective and results in a significant increase in mean particle size of produced alumina crystals.

Abstract: There are provided methods for separating iron ions from aluminum ions contained in an acidic composition. The methods comprise reacting the acidic composition with a basic aqueous composition having a pH of at least 10.5 so as to obtain a precipitation composition, maintaining the precipitation composition at a pH above 10.5 so as to cause precipitation of the iron ions, at least substantially preventing precipitation of the aluminum ions, and to obtain a mixture comprising a liquid portion and a solid portion; and separating the liquid portion from the solid portion. There are also provided methods for treating an acidic composition comprising iron ions and aluminum ions. Such methods can be useful for preparing products such as alumina, aluminum, hematite etc.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method being easy to recover metals including nickel and aluminum from waste aluminum catalysts, thereby entirely promoting the recovering rate. Said method comprises: preparing and roasting a waste aluminum catalyst with sodium salts, and then obtaining a first solution comprising vanadium and molybdenum, and a dreg comprising nickel and aluminum through leaching and filtrating; collecting and mixing the dreg with alkali powders to obtain a mixture of the dreg and alkali powders, roasting the mixture at 300 to 1000° C. with aluminum in the dreg reacting with hydroxyl generated from the roasting of mixture and further generating aluminum hydroxide, and then obtaining a second solution comprising aluminum and a concentrate having nickel through another leaching and filtrating; and recovering aluminum from the second solution and recovering nickel from the concentrate.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for the addition of a CGM to precipitation liquor of a Bayer process. The CGM comprises a neopolyol, an ester derived from a neopolyol, and/or an ether derived from a neopolyol. Optionally the CGM may comprise water and/or an antifoaming agent and/or a hydrocarbon carrier liquid. The CGM is quite effective and results in a significant increase in mean particle size of produced alumina crystals.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of amorphous aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate-based pigment by reacting aluminum phosphate and sodium aluminate is provided. The amorphous aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate is characterized by a skeletal density of less than 2.50 grams per cubic centimeter and a phosphorus to aluminum mole ratio of greater than 0.8. In one embodiment, the composition is useful in paints as a substitute for titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing high-purity aluminum, the method comprising: a mother liquor preparing step for preparing a mother liquor by dissolving and aging ordinary aluminum hydroxide; a refining step for adding pulp to absorb impurities from the prepared mother liquor after the mother liquor preparing step; and an obtaining step for obtaining high-purity alumina by adding a seed into the mother liquor and precipitating a precipitate, and filtering, washing, and recrystallizing the precipitate, and calcining the precipitate. Thus, the present invention enables an environmentally-friendly and low-cost preparation of high-purity alumina.

Abstract: There are provided processes for extracting aluminum ions from aluminous ores and for preparing alumina. Such processes can be used with various types of aluminous ores such as aluminous ores comprising, for example, various types of metals such as Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Ba, Zn, Li, Sr, V, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Co, Sb, As, B, Sn, Be, Mo, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing alumina trihydrate by alkaline attack of bauxite, following the general steps of the Bayer process, and during which, after settling and before decomposition, the aluminate liquor undergoes a filtration, known as security filtration, so that at the end of the filtration it contains less than 10 mg/l of insoluble particles, characterized in that, during said security filtration, a filtration device is used that comprises a zone in which the liquor is subjected, after passing through said filtration media, to a pressure greater than 2 bar, preferably greater than 3 bar. Preferably, this device also comprises a zone in which the liquor is subjected, before passing through the filtration media, to a pressure greater than 5 bar, preferably greater than 6, typically in the vicinity of 7 bar. In this way, the aluminate liquor can be kept at a high temperature during the security filtration, typically greater than 130° C., preferably greater than 140° C.

Abstract: Methods, and related products and compositions, of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor are described. A method of increasing the stability of a Bayer process liquor includes contacting the Bayer process liquor with a ppm quantity of a low molecular weight dextran. Also described are methods, and related products and compositions, for controlling the precipitation of aluminium-containing compounds from a Bayer process liquor.

Abstract: There are provided processes for extracting aluminum ions from aluminous ores and for preparing alumina. Such processes can be used with various types of aluminous ores such as aluminous ores comprising, for example, various types of metals such as Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Ba, Zn, Li, Sr, V, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Co, Sb, As, B, Sn, Be, Mo, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards methods and compositions for treating slurry to better dewater alumina trihydrate precipitated from the Bayer process. The method comprises using a product comprising the combination of at least two surfactants together with an optional coupling agent to treat the alkaline slurry with certain amount of alumina trihydrate present. Synergistic effects between binary combinations of nonionic and anionic surfactants result in more efficient dewatering aids for alumina trihydrate slurry when combinations of such surfactants are applied. A coupling agent may be used in formulations to reduce viscosity of such surfactant combinations, allowing the practical application of such products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for recovering precious metals including silver and gold, rare metals including indium and gallium, base metals including copper, lead and zinc or a combination of precious, rare and base metals from complex oxide ores, sulfide ores or oxide and sulphide ores using an acid chloride oxidizing leach.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recycling SPL from primary aluminum production, comprising the steps of grinding the separated fractions or cuts, separating materials by means of mechanical treatment, mixing salt slags with SPL, dissolving in water the product obtained in the previous step, carrying out a chemical reaction between water and the materials to be made inert, sedimenting, removing cyanides, filtering to obtain a soluble fraction and another insoluble fraction, washing the insoluble fraction, crystallizing salts of the soluble fraction and aging or conditioning the insoluble fraction. The present invention further relates to the product obtained by means of said process and the use thereof in different fields of the art.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of inhibiting the accumulation of DSP scale in the liquor circuit of Bayer process equipment. The method includes adding one or more particular silane based small molecules to the liquor fluid circuit. These scale inhibitors reduce DSP scale formation and thereby increase fluid throughput, increase the amount of time Bayer process equipment can be operational and reduce the need for expensive and dangerous acid washes of Bayer process equipment. As a result, the invention provides a significant reduction in the total cost of operating a Bayer process.

Abstract: A process of preparing a doped aluminum oxide, includes providing a solution comprising 8-hydroxyquinoline; an aluminum precursor; a dopant precursor, and a reaction solvent; isolating a precipitate from the solution; and calcining the precipitate to form the doped aluminum oxide. Compositions may be prepared which include tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum and (8-hydroxyquinolinato)zM, wherein M is a metal ion and the value of z is equivalent to the oxidation state of the metal ion.

Abstract: Diallcoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymers were applied as scale control agents in Bayer process. The polymer inhibitors reduced the quantity of aluminum silicate scale formed in spent liquor while significantly changed the morphology of the scale. Also a method is provided for reducing aluminum silicate scale of Bayer process by adding the dialkoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymer into the Bayer liquor stream.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving the production of alumina hydrate. The invention involves adding one or more cross-linked ethylsulfonated polysaccharides to liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the production process. The one or more polysaccharides include cross-linked dextran or cross-linked dihydroxypropyl cellulose. The various polysaccharides can impart a number of advantages including at least some of: greater flocculation effectiveness, increasing the maximum effective dosage, faster settling rate. The production process can be a Bayer process.

Abstract: A method of forming an abrasive article includes forming a mixture comprising a liquid carrier and a glass precursor material, wherein the glass precursor material comprises a material selected from the group of materials consisting of a hydrated metal compound, an organic silicate compound, or a combination thereof. The method further includes providing abrasive grains within the mixture, forming the mixture into a green ceramic body, and heating the green ceramic body to form a bonded abrasive article comprising the abrasive grains contained within a bond matrix, wherein the bond matrix comprises an amorphous phase formed from the glass precursor material.

Abstract: There are provided processes for extracting aluminum ions from aluminous ores and for preparing alumina. Such processes can be used with various types of aluminous ores such as aluminous ores comprising, for example, various types of metals such as Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Ba, Zn, Li, Sr, V, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Co, Sb, As, B, Sn, Be, Mo, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving the production of alumina hydrate. The invention involves adding one or more polysaccharides to liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the production process. The one or more polysaccharides can be a cross-linked polysaccharide (such as cross-linked dextran or cross-linked dihydroxypropyl cellulose). The various polysaccharides can impart a number of advantages including at least some of: greater flocculation effectiveness, increasing the maximum effective dosage, faster settling rate. The production process can be a Bayer process.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of high purity boehmite with controlled pore size from spent hydroprocessing catalyst includes the step of treating the spent hydroprocessing catalyst composition in order to get recovery of the aluminas after extracting the valuable metals. The process permits easy and resourceful recovery of high quality boehmite from waste catalyst, which can be further used as hydroprocessing catalyst carrier having a pore structure almost identical or better than that used in heavy oil hydroprocessing catalysts. Such catalyst carrier is required to have high pore volume, macro-porosity, high strength and optimum surface area for active metal dispersion. The treating steps include process steps such as decoking, roasting, leaching, dissolving, digestion, precipitation, washing, stripping, and the like. The recovery steps include digestion, hydrothermal treatment, flocculation or precipitation, filtration, drying, calcination and the like.

Abstract: Dialkoxysilane and Monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymers were applied as scale control agents in Bayer process. The polymer inhibitors reduced the quantity of aluminum silicate scale formed in spent liquor while significantly changed the morphology of the scale. Also a method is provided for reducing aluminum silicate scale of Bayer process by adding the dialkoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymer into the Bayer liquor stream.

Abstract: There are provided processes for extracting aluminum ions from aluminous ores and for preparing alumina. Such processes can be used with various types of aluminous ores such as aluminous ores comprising various types of metals such as Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Ba, Zn, Li, Sr, V, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Co, Sb, As, B, Sn, Be, Mo, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A coating solution for forming a light-absorbing layer of a chalcopyrite solar cell, including a hydrazine-coordinated Cu chalcogenide complex, a hydrazine-coordinated In chalcogenide complex and hydrazine-coordinated Ga chalcogenide complex dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, the hydrazine-coordinated Cu chalcogenide complex being obtained by dissolving Cu or Cu2Se and a chalcogen in dimethylsulfoxide having hydrazine added, and adding a poor solvent to the resulting solution.

Abstract: As population density increases, the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including acids and disinfectants, lead to an increased incidence of spills while the consequences of spills become more serious. While solutions of halide acids, hypohalites and halites are safer disinfectants for transportation, handling, storage and use than traditional gaseous chlorine, the manufacturing cost of these disinfectants has here-to-fore limited their use. Economical processes are presented for the manufacture of O2, halogen oxides, halide acids, hypohalites, and halates; as well as polynucleate metal compounds, metal hydroxides and calcium sulfate hydrate (gypsum). The instant invention presents methods and processes that incorporate the use of sulfur. This is while environmental regulators, such as the US EPA, require an increased removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels, thereby creating an abundance of sulfur, such that the refining industry is in need of a way to dispose of said abundance of sulfur.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving the production of alumina. The invention involves adding a product containing one or more polysaccharides to liquor within the fluid circuit of the production process, where one of the polysaccharides is scieroglucan. The use of scleroglucan can impart a number of advantages including at least some of: greater flocculation effectiveness, increasing the maximum effective dosage, faster settling rate. The production process can be a Bayer process.

Abstract: Sintered, substantially round and spherical particles prepared from a slurry of a calcined, uncalcined or partially calcined raw material having an alumina content of more than 55% by weight, and a mullite growth promoter in an amount of from about 2 to about 10% dry weight of the total solids in the slurry. The sintered particles are suitable for use as a propping agent or as a foundry media.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving the production of alumina hydrate. The invention involves adding one or more polysaccharides to liquor or slurry in the fluid circuit of the production process. The one or more polysaccharides can be a cross-linked polysaccharide (such as cross-linked dextran or cross-linked dihydroxypropyl cellulose). The various polysaccharides can impart a number of advantages including at least some of: greater flocculation effectiveness, increasing the maximum effective dosage, faster settling rate. The production process can be a Bayer process.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for improving the production of alumina. The invention involves adding a product containing one or more polysaccharides to liquor within the fluid circuit of the production process, where one of the polysaccharides is scieroglucan. The use of scleroglucan can impart a number of advantages including at least some of: greater flocculation effectiveness, increasing the maximum effective dosage, faster settling rate. The production process can be a Bayer process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing metals from waste, particularly electronic waste (or “e-waste”). The process generally includes the steps of dissolving at least some of the metals from the waste with nitric acid reagent and then causing at least some of the metals to precipitate as metal oxides and/or metal nitrates. NOx gases produced as by-product by the nitric acid dissolution of metallic components in the electronic waste are reused, in particular for generating permanganate when one of the metallic components comprises manganese.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a metal oxide nano powder comprising preparing a first dispersed solution by adding a nano-sized metal powder to water and dispersing the metal powder within the water, performing a hydration reaction of the first dispersed solution at a temperature of about 30 to about 70° C. to generate a precipitation, and filtering and drying the precipitation to prepare a metal oxide powder. Also, disclosed is a metal oxide nano powder manufactured by the method described above, and having any one of a bar-form, a cube-form, and a fiber-form.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap in which a mixture of indium hydroxide and tin hydroxide or metastannic acid is collected by subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis in pH-adjusted electrolyte, and roasting this mixture as needed to collect the result as a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide. This method enables the efficient collection of indium hydroxide and tin hydroxide or metastannic acid, or indium oxide and tin oxide from an ITO scrap of an indium-tin oxide (ITO) sputtering target or an ITO scrap such as ITO mill ends arisen during the manufacture of such ITO sputtering target.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap by subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis and collecting the result as metallic indium. Specifically, the present invention proposes a method for selectively collecting metallic indium including the steps of subjecting the ITO scrap to electrolysis in an electrolytic bath partitioned with a diaphragm or an ion-exchange membrane, subsequently extracting anolyte temporarily, eliminating tin contained in the anolyte by a neutralization method, a replacement method or other methods, placing a solution from which the tin was eliminated in a cathode side again and performing electrolysis thereto; or a method for collecting valuable metal from an ITO scrap including the steps of obtaining a solution of In or Sn in an ITO electrolytic bath, eliminating the Sn in the solution, and collecting In in the collecting bath.

Abstract: An improved method and composition for producing aluminum hydroxide crystals from precipitation liquor, involves the addition of an emulsified crystal growth modifier comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid, precursors, salts or blends thereof. The emulsified crystal growth modifier also facilitates an upward shift in particle size distribution of aluminum hydroxide and an upward shift in oxalate ball size.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a metal sulfide from a metal ion containing solution, including the steps of: a) providing a slurry containing seed panicles of said metal sulfide; h) adding a sulfide ion containing solution to said slurry to form an activated seed slurry; c) mixing said activated seed slurry with said metal ion containing solution to thereby form a metal sulfide precipitate; and d) recovering said metal sulfide precipitate.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions of zeolites or microporous metallosilicates characterized by a continuous spatial distribution of the metal and silicon in the crystals and characterized by a crystal surface enriched in silicon relative to the internal part of the same crystals. This invention also relates to a synthesis method of producing these metallosilicates with spatial distribution of the constituting elements. These novel zeolitic compositions can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions. The crystalline metallosilicates can be selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicates, gallosilicates, ferrosilicates, titanosilicates and borosilicates.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions of zeolites or microporous metallosilicates characterized by a continuous spatial distribution of the metal and silicon in the crystals and characterized by a crystal surface enriched in silicon relative to the internal part of the same crystals. This invention also relates to a synthesis method of producing these metallosilicates with spatial distribution of the constituting elements. These novel zeolitic compositions can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions. The crystalline metallosilicates can be selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicates, gallosilicates, ferrosilicates, titanosilicates and borosilicates.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing aluminium chloride comprising leaching aluminium dross residues with H2SO4 so as to obtain a leachate; and hydrochlorinating the leachate so as to obtain aluminium chloride. If desired, aluminium chloride can then be converted into alumina.

Abstract: A process in which material comprising an aqueous liquid with dispersed particulate solids is transferred as a fluid to a deposition area, then allowed to stand and rigidify, and in which rigidification is improved while retaining the fluidity of the material during transfer, by combining with the material an effective rigidifying amount of aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of the tailings underflow resulting from a mineral processing operation and the co-disposal of fine and coarse tailings fractions. In addition, liquor released during the rigidification step is of high clarity.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a system and process for recovering useful compounds from a byproduct composition produced in a silicon tetrafluoride production process.

Abstract: A process in which a suspension comprising dispersed particulate material in an aqueous medium is transferred as a fluid to a deposition area, then allowed to stand and rigidify, and in which rigidification is improved whilst retaining the fluidity of the suspension during transfer, by combining with the suspension during transfer a rigidifying amount of a treatment system which comprises i) a water-soluble synthetic polymer and ii) a water-soluble natural or seminatural polymer. Improved rigidification can be achieved, including dose efficiency especially in regard to the amount of synthetic polymer required. In addition improvements in the clarity of liquor released from the suspension can be achieved.

Abstract: A process for separating one or more metal ions forming a first group of metal ions such as copper, zinc and ferric ions, from one or more other metal ions forming a second group of metal ions such as cobalt and nickel, comprising: contacting an aqueous solution comprising said first and second groups of metal ions with an organic solution comprising a phosphinic acid and a hydroxyoxime to extract one of said groups of metal ions into the organic phase, and separating the organic and aqueous phases.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkali aqueous flocculating agent based on an alkali aqueous salt clay extract containing dissolved silicate and aluminate, in addition to alkali chloride whereby for an aluminate (1) content by weight expressed as Al(OH)3, 1.) approximately 2 to 3 parts by weight of silicate expressed as SiO2 are provided and 2) at least approximately (10) parts by weight, especially at least (20) parts by weight of alkali chloride are provided, in addition to a flocculating and a sedimentation agent in the form of an acidic and alkali-extracted salt clay. The invention further relates to a method for the production of said flocculating and sedimentation agents which can be used advantageously in swimming baths, for the treatment of drinking water, industrial water, grey water and waste water in sewage treatment plants as auxiliary agents for absorption, sedimentation and filtration.

Abstract: Sulphidic zinc concentrate usually also includes small amounts of rare metals such as indium and gallium. If the content of these metals in the raw material is sufficiently high, their recovery may be economically worthwhile. In the method according to the invention the recovery of indium and other desirable rare metals takes place in a zinc leaching process, in which at least part of the sulphidic concentrate is leached directly without roasting.