Abstract: A composition for separating out volatile pollutants from gases and exhaust gases consists of calcium hydroxide and water-soluble salts of sulfur-containing compounds, e.g., mercaptans, sulfides, polysulfides, polythionates and thiosulfates, or elementary sulfur which are used in combination with surface-active substances.Possible ways to produce the composition include adding the sulfur-containing compounds to the quicklime during slaking, to the slaking water, or, subsequent to slaking, to calcium hydroxide.The compositions are used for removing the volatile heavy metals, particularly mercury, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, antimony and lead, at temperatures ranging from 20.degree. to 400.degree. C. For this purpose, the composition is blown as powder into the exhaust gas stream, and the resultant products are separated out at fabric filters. Upon addition of surface-active substances, volatile organic pollutants are removed simultaneously with the aforementioned inorganic pollutants.

Abstract: An excellent method of decomposing flon is provided which can decompose flon economically with high decomposition efficiency without necessitating high temperature and high pressure by contacting a gas containing a flon with a catalyst at a condition of a temperature of not less than 200.degree. C. and space velocity of not over than 50,000 (hr.sup.-1).

Abstract: A waste disposal site, such as an ultimate disposal site for radioactive substances, includes installed waste having hollow spaces remaining therebetween. Packing material fills the remaining spaces. At least one substance to which gaseous toxic substances such as radioactive gases adhere, is admixed with the packing material.

Abstract: Activated charcoal, or ASC whetlerite charcoal for use in providing protection against chemical warfare agents, contains chromium VI, which is a known carcinogen, as well as other metal impregnants. Thus disposal of the charcoal can present problems. The charcoal is usually impregnated with the chromium and other active metals by placing the charcoal in a solution of the metals, and oven drying the charcoal so that crystals are deposited thereon. It has been found that if the charcoal is freeze-dried the quantity of the metals such as chromium VI can be reduced by as much as 50% without compromising the performance of the charcoal.

Abstract: A method of diminishing the amount of chlorinated organics released to the atmosphere in the incineration of wastes which includes injecting calcium-based sorbents into the flue gas to react with HCl to form calcium-chlorine compounds to remove the HCl from the flue gas and prevent it from forming the chlorinated organics. The flue gas carries the sorbent from the injection zone to the reactive temperature zone quickly enough such that the sorbent is not exposed to temperatures which would degrade the effectiveness of the sorbent, the reactive temperature zone being in the range of 300.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A device for oxidizing gaseous materials, comprising a combustion chamber, wherein the device and the combustion chamber both have a top and a bottom, the device further having a gas outlet and being adapted to operate in conjunction with means applying negative pressure to the outlet, means for introducing process gas and a source of fuel into the top of the combustion chamber, means for effecting heat exchange between oxygen-containing gas and the combustion chamber to preheat the oxygen-containing gas, means for introducing the preheated gas into the top of the combustion chamber, means for mixing the preheated gas with the process gas and fuel so that the mixture can burn in the combustion chamber to form an exhaust gas, means for permitting the gas to exit from the bottom of the combustion chamber, means for diluting the exhaust with air to form a flue gas, and means for directing the flue gas from the bottom of the combustion chamber out of the outlet of the device.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, a waste gas containing toxic NF.sub.3 gas is contacted with a honeycomb structure of a carbonaceous material to thereby convert NF.sub.3 into nontoxic CF.sub.4 and H.sub.2 gases with high efficiency.

Abstract: A process is shown for treating flue or exhaust gases in order to remove sulfur oxides and hydrochloric acids in which calcium hydroxide having a surface area of at least 25 m.sup.2 /g and a moisture content lower than 50% is injected in the gases to be treated either alone, or in a mixture with magnesium hydroxide. The calcium hydroxide used in the process is prepared by reacting quicklime or dolomitic quicklime with water in the presence of a glycol or an amine companion additive.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for eliminating unwanted materials, such as corrosive gases, from an effluent gas flow line includes a reactive trap wherein chemical reaction between the unwanted material, a reactant gas and a reactive element takes place under induced plasma conditions. A ballast gas may be added to adjust operating pressures and to aid in creating the plasma. The reactant gas and the reactive element are selected so that relative harmless by-products are produced. The reactive element is preferably maintained at a temperature of approximately 400.degree. C. and the chemical by-products are passed through a condensation element in the reactive trap which element is maintained at approximately 30.degree. C. Preferably, the plasma is induced by a microwave transmitter in conjunction with a waveguide inserted into a reactive trap, and a control system automatically monitors and adjusts the temperature and pressure of the reaction as well as controls the ratio of effluent gas and ballast gas.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of HCl and HF from a hot gas stream concurrently with the removal of sulfur compounds. The process involves the introduction of an HCl/HF sorbent such as nahcolite, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or Trona in powder form into the process stream at any one or all of four alternative locations in an amount sufficient to break down the HCl and HF into solid salts which are subsequently removed from the stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of acidic gaseous compounds from a stream of offgas by introducing into the gastream a core-gas containing solid particles with a diameter of between about 40 and 1000 .ANG. and treatment of the obtained gasmixture with ammonia.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the generation, use, and disposal of chlorine dioxide is disclosed. A solid sodium chlorite composition having impurities, at least one of which is sodium hydroxide, is contacted with an agent to consume essentially all of the sodium hydroxide. Chlorine dioxide gas is then generated by contacting the resultant composition with chlorine in a humidified inert carrier gas. The resultant chlorine dioxide gas mixture may then be treated to remove chlorine gas present therein by contacting the same with sodalime in particulate form. After using the chlorine dioxide gas mixture in the desired manner, chlorine dioxide present in the spent effluent gas may be substantially removed via the introduction of the effluent gas into an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate having a sufficient amount of an inorganic base to maintain the alkalinity of the solution during consumption of thiosulfate by chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A vapor stream from a sand chlorinator containing principally zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride contaminated with ferric chloride is purified by cooling the vapor to a temperature of about 335.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. The cooled vapors flow through a gaseous diffusion separative barrier where a silicon tetrachloride vapor stream contaminated with metal chlorides flows from the separative barrier as a "fast" stream; ferric chloride is adsorbed by the separative barrier; and a vapor stream principally containing zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride is screened by the separative barrier.