Abstract: The present invention is a process for separating one or more components of a gas mixture. The process comprises passing the gas mixture over a membrane, which is selectively permeable to the component being separated, due to one or more reversible reactions between the component desired to be separated and a layer of active molten material immobilized in a suitable support material and/or encapsulated in a non-porous gas permeable polymer material.

Abstract: Materials are described which not only extinguish fires or suppress explosions but also remove at least part of any carbon monoxide which may remain after such prior extinguishing or explosion suppressing. Examples of suitable fire extinguishants and explosion suppressants are halocarbons such as bromotrifluoromethane. The carbon monoxide removing substance may comprise Hopcalite catalysts. Other examples of suitable substances are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for simultaneously scrubbing acidic exhaust gases and removing metal salts from alkaline waste dust from a cement plant or the like thereby producing useful products from what would otherwise be wasted. In essence the two wastes are combined in water and the resulting solution and precipitate separated in a tank. The solution is useful both to cool incoming waste gas and as a fertilizer, whilst the precipitate is suitable as kiln feed stock.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the purification of methane and/or ethane which comprises oxidizing acetylene and/or carbon monoxide in the gas with oxygen at 200.degree. C. to 375.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst which contains silver as the active component.

Abstract: An aromatic solution of the compound CuAl(CN)Cl.sub.3 alone or with additional solid CuAl(CN)Cl.sub.3 is used for the separation of some unsaturated compound (olefin, acetylene or carbon monoxide) from a feedstream.The feedstream is contacted with the solvent to form a complex of the ligand (olefin, acetylene or carbon monoxide). The feedstream is then separated from the solvent. The solvent is then treated with some combination of heat and lowered pressure to separate the ligand from the solvent. The ligand poor solvent is then recycled to contact fresh feedstream.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is removed from feedstreams by a process which comprises contacting the feedstream with a solution of a cuprous fluorinated acetylacetonate in an organic solvent containing a stabilizing agent to remove CO by forming a first cuprous complex, decomposing the first cuprous complex whereby the stabilizing agent which replaces CO in the first cuprous complex to form a second cuprous complex, and separating the displaced CO. The formation of the second cuprous complex avoids any deposition of copper metal upon heating.

Abstract: A process for separating carbon monoxide from a gas mixture is presented. In this process carbon monoxide contained in the gas mixture containing carbon monoxide and up to approximately 40,000 ppm of water can be effectively separated by contacting the gas mixture with an absorbing solution containing (a) at least one copper(I) halide, (b) at least one aluminum(III) halide and (c) at least one compound having at least two benzene nuclei in one molecule thereof. The component (c) is selected from the group consisting of (A) the compounds having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: There are disclosed manganese compounds of the formulaMn.sup.II LX.sub.2 (Q).sub.n (I)wherein L is a monodentate ligand of the formulaPR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (II)whereinR.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl or hydrogen providing that no more than two of the R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 groups are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl group,X is a species capable of existing as an anion, e.g., Cl, Br,Q is a solvento molecule capable of forming a chemical bond to the manganese, andn is 1, 2, or 3 solvent donor atoms.The manganese compounds are useful in the separation of a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, an alkene, and carbon monoxide from fluids containing these gases.

Abstract: In the removal of sour gases by scrubbing with an aqueous alkali metal salt solution, e.g. a solution of K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, the circulating scrubbing liquid is gradually contaminated with organic acids, especially formic acid, which in turn ties up K.sup.+ as the formate which is ineffective for scrubbing purposes. To remove the organic acids, at least a partial stream of the circulating scrubbing liquid is subjected to an oxidation step under conditions leading to the oxidation of the salts of the organic acids, thereby liberating the bound alkali metal ions. If the scrubbing liquid contains an oxidizable activator, the latter can be extracted prior to oxidation of the scrubbing liquid and added back subsequent to the oxidation.

Abstract: A cuprous oxalate complex of the formula Cu.sub.2 (CO).sub.n L.sub.m C.sub.2 O.sub.4 wherein L is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one non-aromatic unsaturation and n and m are numbers from 0 to 2.

Abstract: A process for removing CO from a gas stream which comprises contacting the gas stream with a mixture of Cu.sub.2 O and oxalic acid in an inert organic solvent. The process selectively removes CO from the gas stream and forms a novel cuprous oxalate complex of the formula Cu.sub.2 (CO).sub.2 C.sub.2 O.sub.4. Cu.sub.2 (CO)C.sub.2 O.sub.4 can be further contacted with a feedstream containing unsaturated hydrocarbon L thereby displacing CO from the oxalate complex, removing L from the feedstream and forming a new complex Cu.sub.2 (CO).sub.n L.sub.m C.sub.2 O.sub.4 where n and m are numbers from 0 to 2.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for chemically altering and scrubbing the noxious constituents from foundry core manufacturing and arc welding operations is disclosed.An upstanding closed container is provided and a gas washing liquid is disposed within the container to a predetermined level. A horizontal baffle is mounted stationarily within the container at an elevation spaced above the level of the gas washing liquid therein and spaced peripheral portions of the baffle are spaced inwardly of the opposing inner surface of the container. A gas drive pipe extends into the container, downwardly past the baffle, and opens downwardly in a central lower portion of the container, below the baffle and near the bottom of the liquid. The container includes a top cover and an outlet duct is provided which opens outwardly of the container through a central portion of the cover. The gases are pumped into the drive pipe to achieve a critical velocity at the exit of the drive pipe of about 2,300-20,000 linear feet per minute.

Abstract: Particulate laden gas, especially those gases carrying particulates having a size in the micron or submicron range, are removed by humidifying the gas with water and thereafter subjecting the gas to indirect contact heat exchange sufficient to provide an energy transfer for water vapor condensation of at least 5 horsepower per 1000 cfm. Heat exchange is accomlished by passing the gas downwardly through an exchange element having smooth and vertical gas passages of a relatively large dimension.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is selectively removed from a gas stream by a process which comprises contacting the gas stream with an absorbent solution containing the reaction product of a Cu(I) compound and a halogenated acetylacetone of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen, R.sub.1 is CX.sub.3, linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 heterocycle containing O, S or N or C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are joined together to form a C.sub.6 ring.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a carbon monoxide absorbing liquid containing a cuprous ion, hydrochloric acid and titanum trichloride.Titanium trichloride is effective in increasing the carbon monoxide absorption quantity. Furthermore, titanium trichloride remarkably increases the oxygen resistance. Therefore, this absorbing liquid can be used continuously and for a long time.

Abstract: The process of this invention provides for reducing the tendency of a carbon monoxide gas stream, containing a minor level of elemental phosphorus, to corrode metallic surfaces in a combustion zone upon combustion of the gas stream in the combustion zone to combustion gases. The process comprises, prior to combustion:(a) cooling the gas stream to a sufficiently low temperature to condense a quantity of elemental phosphorus to produce a reduced level of elemental phsophorus in the gas stream; and(b) diluting the gas stream with an effective amount of combustible gas, wherein the effective amount of combustible gas is an amount which is effective in producing a dew point of the combustion gases, with respect to the quantity of acid, e.g. meta-phsophoric acid (HPO.sub.3), produced by the combustion of the reduced level of elemental phosphorus, less than the temperature of the metallic surfaces.

Abstract: The process of this invention provides for reducing the tendency of a carbon monoxide gas stream, containing a minor level of elemental phosphorus, to corrode metallic surfaces in a combustion zone upon combustion of the gas stream in the combustion zone. The process comprises:(a) prior to combustion, cooling the gas stream to a sufficiently low temperature to condense a quantity of elemental phosphorus to produce a reduced level of elemental phosphorus in the gas stream; and(b) injecting into the combustion zone during combustion an effective amount of MgO or a compound capable of yielding MgO to neutralize the quantity of acid, e.g. meta-phosphoric acid (HPO.sub.3), produced by the combustion of the reduced level of elemental phosphorus.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of gaseous mixtures, which contain sour gases, with organic solvents, characterized in that the treatment is conducted in the presence of alkaline-reacting compounds in order to prevent corrosion of apparatus parts made of iron or steel.

Abstract: A method for controlling the oxides of nitrogen concentration in the exit flue gas from the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit employing carbon monoxide combustion promoters which comprises monitoring the oxides of nitrogen concentration in the exit flue gas and adjusting the concentration of combustion promoter present in the regeneration zone to maintain the oxides of nitrogen concentration below a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A promoter comprising from about 500 ppm to about 1% of a Group V, Group VI, or Group VIII metal on a support is combined with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst under fluidizing conditions, in an effective proportion, to enhance the removal of carbonaceous material from the catalyst. Typically, the promoter is a mixture of platinum and palladium supported on gamma alumina and is included in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in a sufficient proportion to provide from about 0.05 to about 50 ppm metal based on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for treatment of aluminum chloride production offgas containing Cl.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, HCl, COCl.sub.2, COS, SO.sub.2, N.sub.2, SiCl.sub.4 and metal chlorides by reaction with water vapor in the presence of an alumina or low iron sand catalyst to convert SiCl.sub.4 and metal chlorides to the corresponding oxides and HCl; subsequent reaction of COCl.sub.2 with water vapor in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst to form CO.sub.2 and HCl; and removal of HCl by contacting the offgas with liquid water. Reaction with steam in the presence of alumina catalyst prior to reaction with steam in the presence of an activated carbon catalyst prolongs the useful life of the activated carbon catalyst and avoids the necessity of removing SiCl.sub.4 and metal chlorides from the offgas by adsorption onto dry activated carbon prior to contacting the activated carbon catalyst with offgas.

Abstract: Waste gases containing 15% or less vaporized chlorides are processed to recover chlorine values as HCl by filtration of particulate material followed by the adsorption of metal chlorides on carbon beds and subsequent hydrolyzing of the metal chlorides at a temperature of 100.degree.-150.degree. C. to form metal oxides and HCl. The remaining gases such as COCl.sub.2 are further hydrolyzed to recover aqueous HCl and then the gases are scrubbed and finally incinerated to provide a discharge to the atmosphere containing CO.sub.2, N.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, O.sub.2 and about 5ppm HCl.

Abstract: The concentration of hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide in a gas is reduced by combining these constituents in the gas with oxygen in the presence of a fragmented permeable mass of particles containing oil shale treated to remove organic materials.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentration of a gas is reduced by reacting these constituents in the gas with oxygen in the presence of a fragmented permeable mass of combusted oil shale.

Abstract: A continuous process for simultaneously producing a stream of cleaned purified synthesis gas having a mole ratio H.sub.2 /CO in the range of about 2 to 12, and a separate stream of CO-rich gas. In one embodiment of the process, cleaned and purified methanol synthesis gas and substantially pur carbon monoxide are produced. Methanol may be synthesized and optionally catalytically reacted with the substantially pure carbon monoxide to produce acetic acid. In the subject process, the effluent gas stream directly from a free-flow unpacked noncatalytic partial-oxidation synthesis gas generator is split into two streams which are simultaneously processed in two separate trains. In the first train, one of the split streams is cooled by indirect heat exchange in a gas cooler and then further processed to produce a stream of cleaned and purified synthesis gas, a H.sub.2 -rich gas stream, and the product stream of CO-rich gas and preferably substantially pure CO.

Abstract: Gas stream mixtures including ethylene, acetylene, CO, CO.sub.2, water, alcohols, H.sub.2 S, propylene and heavier hydrocarbons, CS.sub.2, etc., are prepared for further treatment by removing the water, alcohols, CS.sub.2, H.sub.2 S, propylene and heavier hydrocarbons in separate solvent-absorption systems. In particular, coke oven gas is treated to remove water, CS.sub.2, H.sub.2 S, propylene and heavier hydrocarbons prior to contacting it with cuprous aluminum halide to effect removal by complexing of ethylene, acetylene and/or carbon monoxide; off-gas from the complexing ligand zone or elsewhere may be used to prestrip and/or regenerate the solvent in the absorption system. Very little energy is consumed, extraction efficiencies are very high, and fouling is avoided.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon monoxide from mixed gases comprising contacting the mixed gases with an absorbent system consisting essentially of an inert diluent and a copper (I) salt of a sulfonic acid or of a dialkyl phosphate.

Abstract: A process is provided for substantially completely converting carbon monoxide in waste gas into carbon dioxide in a combustion chamber. This process comprises the steps of supplying fuel to the combustion chamber in an amount sufficient to maintain a temperature greater than the combustion temperture of carbon monoxide therein, feeding waste gas containing carbon monoxide to the combustion chamber, measuring the percentage of carbon monoxide in the waste gas, feeding free oxygen to the combustion chamber, exhausting the gas from the chamber, measuring the actual percentage of free oxygen in the exhaust gas, calculating an optimum percentage of free oxygen in the exhaust gas, and adjusting the volume of free oxygen being fed to the combustion chamber in an amount sufficient to produce the optimum percentage of free oxygen in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: In a process for the production of hydrogen-rich gas from a fuel gas containing carbon monoxide and other components, the fuel gas is contacted in a formate synthesis zone with an aqueous solution containing sodium or potassium carbonate and/or bicarbonate under conditions effective to produce an effluent aqueous solution of the corresponding formate and an effluent gas containing the other components of the fuel gas. The aqueous formate solution is thereafter subjected to catalytic decomposition in a formate decomposition zone under conditions effective to produce a hydrogen-rich gas and an aqueous solution which consists essentially of carbonate and/or bicarbonate solution.

Abstract: High purity CO is made quite efficiently with regard to energy consumption from CO.sub.2 -free gas streams containing at least 25% by volume CO and also containing H.sub.2 and small amounts of other gases such as N.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 by (1) complexing the CO in aqueous copper ammonium acylate absorbent solution, (2) stripping the absorbent solution with a small stream of purified CO to desorb traces of noncomplexed gases and (3) decomplexing the absorbent solution to separate purified CO, a small portion of which is recycled to the stripping step.

Abstract: A reducing gas, such as, carbon monoxide (CO) or unsaturated hydrocarbons, is oxidized by contacting a mixture of the gas and oxygen with a catalyst or reagent which includes palladium sulfate and ammonium molybdate adsorbed on silica gel. The reducing gas is oxidized by the reagent and simultaneously reduces the reagent from a first oxidation state to a second, with an accompanying color change, which indicates the presence of the reducing gas. If the reducing gas is an unsaturated hydrocarbon it can be converted to an oxygenated hydrocarbon. A salt of a transition metal (such as, copper, iron, or nickel) is included in the reagent so it is oxidized back to the first state (regenerated) by atmospheric oxygen. The catalyst also promotes the synthesis of oxygenated hydrocarbons from the reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with other hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon monoxide from mixed gases comprising contacting the mixed gases with an absorbent system consisting essentially of an inert diluent and a copper (I) salt of a sulfonic acid or of a dialkyl phosphate.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material is converted to a fuel gas which is fungible with natural gas by a combination of steps comprising gasifying the carbonaceous material in the presence of air and carbon dioxide, purifying the effluent stream and separating carbon monoxide therefrom, catalytically reacting steam with the separated carbon monoxide and recovering a methane-rich product gas.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the cleaning of combustible gases, particularly gases emitted in steel making plants, in which the gases are passed through a collecting duct together with additional air at conditions such as to cause the combustion of the combustible components of the gas with a reduced flame length, the said air being supplied as a double feed so as to give a protecting effect of the duct inner walls, and then the gases are saturated with water and washed, the saturation taking place by a countercurrent flow of the gases and of the saturating water, and the washing takes place by means of a Venturi scrubber, outside of the saturating tower and in which the saturated gases are recycled to the saturating stage, a pre-separation of liquid particles taking place downstream of the Venturi scrubber and upstream of the saturator, and lastly the gases are discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Air contining objectionable gaseous or smoky materials is purified by contacting and reacting the objectionable substances with an aqueous solution of ozone. The solution may be acidic or alkaline and preferably contains about 0.1 to 10 grams of ozone per cubic meter of solution.The ozone and the substance to be treated may be injected simultaneously into the treating solution, and the treatment may be conducted by counter-current washing.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for simultaneously scrubbing acidic exhaust gases and removing metal salts from alkaline waste dust from a cement plant or the like thereby producing useful products from what would otherwise be wasted. In essence the two wastes are combined in water and the resulting solution and precipitate separated in a tank. The solution is useful both to cool incoming waste gas and as a fertilizer, whilst the precipitate is suitable as kiln feed stock.