Abstract: The invention provides a rapid and economical process for manufacturing a transparent, spinel based ceramic. A transparent body of sintered magnesium aluminate spinel having excellent optical and mechanical properties is provided in a single-stage thermal process.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 27, 2009
Date of Patent:
March 27, 2012
Assignee:
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Research & Development Authority
Inventors:
Nahum Frage, Moshe Dariel, Shai Meir, Sergei Kalabuchov
Abstract: The present invention provides various methods and apparatus for the production of fullerenes and other carbon-containing materials. In some aspects, the invention provides an arc chamber comprising a graphite element support, wherein the support comprises a rotatable frame adapted for moving each graphite element towards and away from an arc discharge position. In other aspects, the invention provides a collection chamber for collecting carbon-containing materials produced in an arc chamber, wherein the collection chamber comprises an inlet and a rotatable element arranged to direct the carbon-containing material to a wall of the collection chamber, wherein the sectional area occupied by the rotatable element increases with distance from the inlet. In other aspects, the invention provides a collection chamber comprising means for isolating the collection chamber from an arc discharge apparatus and an inlet for the introduction of solvent into the collection chamber.
Abstract: Scorodite-type iron-arsenic compound particles in which the particle surface layer part comprise an iron-rich layer having an Fe/As molar ratio of at least 1.24. The particles can be obtained in a reaction process of feeding an oxygen-containing gas to an aqueous solution containing an arsenic(V) ion and an iron(II) ion to precipitate a scorodite-type iron-arsenic compound crystal at a pH of at most 2, in which an oxidizing agent is further added to the liquid before the end of the reaction (treatment A). The particles may also be obtained by a method comprising keeping a scorodite-type iron-arsenic compound particle of good crystallinity in contact with an iron ion-containing aqueous solution having a controlled pH of from 2 to 9 at 0 to 90° C. (treatment B). The scorodite-type iron-arsenic particles have good filterability and excellent arsenic release-preventing effect.
Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a method for producing particulate barium carbonate having desired properties such as high purity, fineness, and has a spherical shape. The present invention relates to a method of producing substantially spherical barium carbonate, including (A) mixing, in an aqueous medium, a barium compound with at least one first ingredient selected from the group consisting of gluconic acid or salts thereof, gluconolactone, glucoheptonic acid or salts thereof, and glucoheptonolactone, to prepare a mixture; and (B) reacting the barium compound with carbon dioxide or a water-soluble carbonate in the mixture, to produce substantially spherical barium carbonate.
Abstract: A metal-carbon composition including a metal and carbon, wherein the metal and the carbon form a single phase material, characterized in that the carbon does not phase separate from the metal when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature, the metal being selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, tin, lead, and zinc.
Abstract: We have discovered that size dependent solubility of large fullerenes in strong acids is dependent on acid strength. This provides a scalable method for separating large fullerenes by size. According to some embodiments, a method for processing a fullerene starting material comprises large fullerenes comprises mixing the starting material with a first concentrated sulfuric acid solution so as to obtain a first dispersion comprising a first portion of the large fullerenes solubilized in the first concentrated sulfuric acid solution.
Type:
Application
Filed:
August 8, 2008
Publication date:
December 29, 2011
Applicant:
WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITY
Inventors:
Pradeep K. Rai, A. Nicholas Parra-Vasquez, Haiqing Peng, Robert Hauge, Matteo Pasquali
Abstract: Porous anode bodies suitable for use in solid state capacitors, the porous anode bodies prepared by processes which include providing a niobium suboxide powder comprising niobium suboxide particles having a bulk nitrogen content of 500 to 20,000 ppm, and agglomerating and coalescing the powder; and capacitors incorporating such anode bodies.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 1, 2006
Date of Patent:
October 4, 2011
Assignee:
H. C. Starck GmbH
Inventors:
Christoph Schnitter, Holger Brumm, Christine Rawohl, Colin McCracken
Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a method of preserving an object comprising Prussian blue pigment and a storage and/or display case for said preservation method.
Type:
Application
Filed:
September 11, 2009
Publication date:
July 14, 2011
Inventors:
Stephen Hackney, Joyce Townsend, Jacob Llewellyn Thomas, Andrew Lerwill
Abstract: Ozonated manganese dioxide is prepared by an ozonation process and utilized as a cathode active material. An ozone containing gas stream contacts manganese dioxide and produces ozonated manganese dioxide with high efficiency. After preparation, ozonated manganese dioxide is stored for a limited time at a low temperature and incorporated into a cathode active material for alkaline batteries.
Abstract: The invention provides stabilized concentrated aqueous solutions of alkali hypobromites, as well as a process for the preparation of said stabilized concentrated solutions at low temperatures, comprising reacting a concentrated alkali hydroxide aqueous solution with bromine, adding to the non-stabilized reaction product an aqueous solution of a sulfamic compound to stabilize the hypobromite, and oxidizing bromide to produce additional hypobromite.
Abstract: Hydraulic cement compositions that include a carbonate compound composition, e.g., a salt-water derived carbonate compound composition containing crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compounds, are provided. Also provided are methods of making and using the hydraulic cements, as well as settable compositions, such as concretes and mortars, prepared therefrom. The cements and compositions produced therefrom find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 4, 2010
Date of Patent:
March 15, 2011
Assignee:
Calera Corporation
Inventors:
Brent R Constantz, Cecily Ryan, Laurence Clodic
Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of an optionally carbonaceous ?-LiV2O5 material. The process consists in preparing a composition formed of carbon and of precursors of Li and of V and in subjecting it to a heat treatment. The composition is prepared by bringing carbon, ?-V2O5 and a Li precursor into contact in amounts such that the ratio of the [V2O5]/[Li] concentrations is between 0.95 and 1.05 and the carbon is in excess of at least 25% with respect to the stoichiometry. The heat treatment is carried out in two stages: a first stage at a temperature between 90° C. and 150° C. for a time of 1 to 12 hours and a second stage at a temperature between 420° C. and 500° C. for a time of between 10 min and 1 hour, under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere or under vacuum. Applications: positive electrode active material.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 18, 2005
Date of Patent:
November 30, 2010
Assignees:
Batscap, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Abstract: Provided is a cathode material for a lithium secondary battery composed of an aggregate of Li-A-O composite oxide particles (wherein A represents one or more metal elements selected from Mn, Fe, Co and Ni), wherein the lithium composite oxide contains 20 to 100 ppm (by mass) of P, and the total content of impurity elements excluding essential components is 2000 ppm or less. Also provided is a manufacturing method of such a cathode material for a lithium secondary battery including the steps of suspending lithium carbonate in water and thereafter introducing a metallic salt solution of one or more metal elements selected from Mn, Fe, Co and Ni in the lithium carbonate suspension, adding a small amount of phosphoric acid so that the P content in the Li-A-O composite oxide particles will be 20 to 100 ppm (by mass), and forming an aggregate of Li-A-O composite oxide particles containing 20 to 100 ppm (by mass) of P by filtering, cleansing, drying and thereafter oxidizing the obtained carbonate.
Abstract: The invention relates to a nanostructured material. The material is a nanostructured carbonaceous material composed of agglomerates of small needles of Li1+?V3O8 and of ?-LixV2O5 (0.1???0.25 and 0.03?x?0.667) surrounded by a noncontinuous layer of spherical carbon particles. It is obtained by a process consisting in preparing a carbonaceous precursor gel by bringing carbon, ?-V2O5 and a Li precursor into contact in amounts such that the ratio of the [V2O5]/[Li] concentrations is between 1.15 and 1.5 and that the (carbon)/(carbon+V2O5+Li precursor) ratio by weight is from 10 to 15 and in subjecting the gel to a heat treatment comprising a 1st stage at 80° C.-150° C. for 3-12 h and a 2nd stage between 300° C. and 350° C. for 10 min to 1 hour, under an nitrogen or argon atmosphere. Applications: positive electrode active material.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 18, 2005
Date of Patent:
June 29, 2010
Assignees:
Batscap, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Inventors:
Dominique Guyomard, Joël Gaubicher, Marc Deschamps, Matthieu Dubarry, Philippe Moreau
Abstract: Hydraulic cement compositions that include a carbonate compound composition, e.g., a salt-water derived carbonate compound composition containing crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compounds, are provided. Also provided are methods of making and using the hydraulic cements, as well as settable compositions, such as concretes and mortars, prepared therefrom. The cements and compositions produced therefrom find use in a variety of applications, including use in a variety of building materials and building applications.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 23, 2008
Date of Patent:
June 15, 2010
Assignee:
Calera Corporation
Inventors:
Brent R. Constantz, Cecily Ryan, Laurence Clodic
Abstract: A process for producing borazane from boron-nitrogen and boron-nitrogen-hydrogen containing BNH-waste products. The process includes reacting the BNH-waste products with a hydrogen halide, having the formula HX, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, and combinations thereof, to form any of the following: a boron trihalide, having the formula BX3, an ammonium halide, having the formula NH4X, and hydrogen. The boron trihalide is then reacted with the hydrogen to form diborane, having the formula B2H6, and hydrogen halide. The ammonium halide is then converted to ammonia, having the formula NH3, and hydrogen halide. The diborane is then reacted with the ammonia to form borazane, having the formula BH3NH3.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 13, 2007
Date of Patent:
April 13, 2010
Assignees:
GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Albert Ludwigs Universitat Freiburg
Inventors:
Gert Wolf, Felix Baitalow, Gerhard Roewer, Steffen Hausdorf, Gerd Arnold, Ulrich Eberle, Dieter Hasenauer, Florian O. Mertens
Abstract: Low dielectric constant group II-VI compounds, such as zinc oxide, and fabrication methods are disclosed. Low dielectric constant insulator materials are fabricated by doping zinc oxide with at least one mole % p-type dopant ion. Low dielectric constant zinc oxide insulator materials are fabricated by doping zinc oxide with silicon having a concentration of at least 1017 atoms/cm3. Low dielectric zinc oxide insulator materials are fabricated by doping zinc oxide with a dopant ion having a concentration of at least about 1018 atoms/cm3, followed by heating to a temperature which converts the zinc oxide to an insulator. The temperature varies depending upon the choice of dopant. For arsenic, the temperature is at least about 450° C.; for antimony, the temperature is at least about 650° C. The dielectric constant of zinc oxide semiconductor is lowered by doping zinc oxide with a dopant ion at a concentration at least about 1018 to about 1019 atoms/cm3.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 17, 2005
Date of Patent:
April 6, 2010
Inventors:
Robert H. Burgener, II, Roger L. Felix, Gary M. Renlund
Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of reductively bleaching a mineral slurry comprising adding in the mineral slurry an effective amount of a formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS) and an effective amount of a borohydride to reductively bleach the mineral slurry, compositions comprising a mineral slurry, a FAS, and a borohydride, and final products comprising a mineral obtained by the method disclosed herein.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 22, 2005
Date of Patent:
January 19, 2010
Assignee:
Imerys Pigments, Inc.
Inventors:
Jun Yuan, Robert J. Pruett, Larry C. Powell
Abstract: The invention relates to nanoscale rutile or oxide powder that is obtained by producing amorphous TiO2 by mixing an alcoholic solution with a titanium alcoholate and with an aluminum alcohalate and adding water and acid. The amorphous, aluminum-containing TiO2 is isolated by removing the solvent, and is redispersed in water in the presence of a tin salt. Thermal or hydrothermal post-processing yields rutile or oxide that can be redispersed to primary particle size. The n-rutile or the obtained oxide having a primary particle size ranging between 5 and 20 nm can be incorporated into all organic matrices so that they remain transparent. Photocatalytic activity is suppressed by lattice doping with trivalent ions. If the amorphous precursor is redispersed in alcohol, or not isolated, but immediately crystallized, an anatase is obtained that can be redispersed to primary particle size.
Abstract: A process for preparing nickel hydroxide by alkaline precipitation from nickel salt solutions in the presence of complexing agents, in which the precipitation is carried out at at least two different locations in the same mother liquor with different precipitation kinetics at the different locations and the mother liquor is mixed prior to agglomeration of the precipitated primary crystals, is described.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 24, 2002
Date of Patent:
July 21, 2009
Assignee:
H. C. Starck GmbH
Inventors:
Armin Olbrich, Juliane Meese-Marktscheffel, Viktor Stoller, Michael Erb, Sven Albrecht, Gerhard Gille, Gerd Maikowske, Frank Schrumpf, Josef Schmoll, Matthias Jahn
Abstract: The present application relates to granules of powdery mineral particles produced by spray granulation of a liquid slurry comprising powdery minerals particles having particle size below 10 m, at least one water-reducing agent and/or at least one binder agent and/or at least one dispersing agent. The application further relates to a method for producing such granules.
Abstract: An aqueous precipitation process for the preparation of particles comprising primarily silver sulfate, comprising reacting an aqueous soluble silver salt and an aqueous soluble source of inorganic sulfate ion in an agitated precipitation reactor vessel and precipitating particles comprising primarily silver sulfate, wherein the reaction and precipitation are performed in the presence of an aqueous soluble organo-sulfate or organo-sulfonate additive compound, the amount of additive being a minor molar percentage, relative to the molar amount of silver sulfate precipitated, and effective to result in precipitation of particles comprising primarily silver sulfate having a mean grain size of less than 50 micrometers.
Abstract: A method of forming ?-alane. The method includes reacting aluminum trichloride and an alkali metal hydride to form an alane-ether complex solution. An aqueous ether solution is optionally added to the alane-ether complex solution to form a partially hydrolyzed ether/alane-ether complex solution. A solution of a crystallization additive is added to the alane-ether complex solution or to the aqueous ether/alane-ether complex solution to form a crystallization solution. The crystallization additive is selected from the group consisting of squalene, cyclododecatriene, norbornylene, norbornadiene, a phenyl terminated polybutadiene, 2,4-dimethyl anisole, 3,5-dimethyl anisole, 2,6-dimethyl anisole, polydimethyl siloxane, and mixtures thereof. Ether is removed from the crystallization solution to crystallize the ?-alane.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 22, 2004
Date of Patent:
January 10, 2006
Assignee:
Alliant Techsystems Inc.
Inventors:
Gary K. Lund, Jami M. Hanks, Harold E. Johnston
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting the evolution of H2S from sulfhydryl compounds in molten sulfur by using scavenging agents such as anhydrides and polymers thereof, conjugated ketones, carbonates, epoxides, monoesters and diesters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and polymers of these esters, and the like and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, it is preferred that the scavenging agent is in liquid form at contact temperature with the molten sulfur. In another embodiment, the scavenging agent may be atomized into the vapor space over the molten sulfur to contact the sulfur with the agent.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 17, 2003
Date of Patent:
May 3, 2005
Assignee:
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Inventors:
John A. Schield, Weldon J. Cappel, Jerry J. Weers, Glenn L. Roof
Abstract: Method for producing stable sodium chlorite by pelletization of granular sodium chlorite with metal salt or salts forming hydrates with water of hydration in the pellets being more than 5% of the anhydrous weight of the sodium chlorite. Pelletized sodium chlorite can be used to produce chlorine dioxide gas by passing a dilute mixture of chlorine gas and an inert gas through a bed of the pellets.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 17, 2002
Date of Patent:
November 30, 2004
Assignee:
CDG Technology, Inc.
Inventors:
Aaron A. Rosenblatt, Thomas E. McWhorter, Nicholas Franco, Barzin Keramati
Abstract: A LiFePO4 carbon composite material is to be synthesized in a single phase satisfactorily to achieve superior cell characteristics. In preparing a cathode active material, a starting material for synthesis of a compound represented by the general formula LixFePO4, where 0<x≦1, is mixed, milled and sintered and a carbon material is added to the resulting mass at an optional time point in the course of mixing, milling and sintering. Li3PO4, Fe3(PO4)2 or its hydrates Fe3(PO4)2.nH2O, where n denotes the number of hydrates, are used as the starting material for synthesis of LixFePO4. The particle size distribution of particles of the starting material for synthesis following the milling with the particle size not less than 3 &mgr;m is set to 2.2% or less in terms of the volumetric integration frequency.
Abstract: A photocatalytic material having titanium oxide crystals and anions X incorporated therein, which is prepared by at least one of a method comprising substituting anions X for some of the oxygen sites of titanium oxide crystals, a method comprising doping anions X between lattices of a titanium crystal and a method comprising doping grain boundaries of titanium oxide, or a combination of these method. The photocatalytic material has acquired a new energy level formed in a band gap of titanium oxide, which results in its exhibition of a photocatalytic activity by absorbing visible lights. The photocatalytic material can thus exhibit a satisfactory photocatalytic activity under sunlight and also in a room with a fluorescent lamp.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 5, 2002
Date of Patent:
September 21, 2004
Assignee:
Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho
Inventors:
Takeshi Morikawa, Ryoji Asahi, Takeshi Ohwaki, Yasunori Taga
Abstract: An environmentally friendly process for the production of finely divided calcium carbonate suitable for industrial application from a calcium carbonate-rich by-product of nitrophosphate fertilizer plant by adopting purification steps of thermal treatment, pulverization and coating using an emulsion of a fatty acid or it's a fatty acid derivatives.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 31, 2001
Date of Patent:
July 13, 2004
Assignees:
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizer Co. Ltd.
Abstract: Methods to at least partially reduce a niobium oxide are described wherein the process includes heat treating the niobium oxide in the presence of a getter material and in an atmosphere which permits the transfer of oxygen atoms from the niobium oxide to the getter material, and for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to form an oxygen reduced niobium oxide. Niobium oxides and/or suboxides are also described as well as capacitors containing anodes made from the niobium oxides and suboxides.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 1, 2002
Date of Patent:
July 6, 2004
Assignee:
Cabot Corporation
Inventors:
Jonathon L. Kimmel, Ricky W. Kitchell, James A. Fife
Abstract: Hydroxylamine solutions stabilized using tri(4-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxabutyl)amine, tri(4-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-keto-3-azabutyl)amine or salts thereof, and methods of stabilizing hydroxylamine solutions using these compounds.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 20, 2002
Date of Patent:
July 6, 2004
Assignee:
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Inventors:
Markus Weber, Hans-Josef Sterzel, Eckhard Ströfer, Otto Watzenberger
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting the evolution of H2S from sulfhydryl compounds in molten sulfur by using scavenging agents such as anhydrides and polymers thereof, conjugated ketones, carbonates, epoxides, monoesters and diesters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and polymers of these esters, and the like and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, it is preferred that the scavenging agent is in liquid form at contact temperature with the molten sulfur. In another embodiment, the scavenging agent may be atomized into the vapor space over the molten sulfur to contact the sulfur with the agent.
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 17, 2003
Publication date:
May 6, 2004
Inventors:
John A. Schield, Weldon J. Cappel, Jerry J. Weers, Glenn L. Roof
Abstract: The invention is a method and composition for producing carbon dioxide that is based on the reaction or activation of at least one carbon-containing compound with protons. The carbon-containing compound can be in the form of a powder, an impregnated carrier (e.g. zeolite crystals) or an aqueous solution and is preferably selected from the group consisting of carbonates, bicarbonates or sesquicarbonates. The protons are preferably provided by a proton-generating species such as an acid or metal salt. The method and composition can further include a water-retaining substance and/or a chlorine dioxide-producing compound in accordance with the invention.
Abstract: The present invention is a method of stabilizing hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution, such as a circulating water slurry, comprising a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide. The aqueous solution may include organic matter. The method comprises adding an aldehyde donor, such as a methylolhydantoin, to the solution (or slurry). The inventors have discovered that aldehyde donors significantly reduce the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase and other peroxide decomposing enzymes, which are often present in recycled paper. As a result, less hydrogen peroxide needs to be added to a solution to effectively bleach organic matter in the solution. Furthermore, aldehyde donors are safe to handle and cost effective. Another embodiment is a method of bleaching recycled papers in a circulating water slurry comprising organic matter. The method comprises adding hydrogen peroxide and an aldehyde donor to the slurry.
Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reducing “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 5, 2002
Date of Patent:
January 20, 2004
Inventors:
Edward Carroll Hale, III, John E. Wildey
Abstract: Bismuth- and phosphorus-containing catalyst supports, naphtha reforming catalysts made from such supports, methods of making both support and catalyst, and a naphtha reforming process using such catalysts.
Abstract: A process for forming metal nanocrystals involves complexing a metal ion and an organic ligand in a solvent and introducing a reducing agent to reduce a plurality of metal ions to form the metal nanocrystals associated with the organic ligand. The nanocrystals are optionally doped or alloyed with other metals.
Abstract: A method for removing or scavenging hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and/or mercaptans from supercritical and/or liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) using triazine scavenging agents is described. Preferred triazines are hexahydrotriazines.
Type:
Application
Filed:
April 18, 2002
Publication date:
October 23, 2003
Inventors:
Tauseef Salma, Doug Elledge, Paula Kolb, Scot Haines
Abstract: This invention describes formulations for table salt, table sugar and vinegar, containing nitrite scavengers to help reduce the intake of nitrosamines.
Abstract: The present invention features methods for preparing stabilized &agr;-AlH3 and &agr;′-AlH3, compositions containing these alane polymorphs, e.g., energetic compositions such as rocket propellants, and methods for using the novel polymorphs as chemical reducing agents, polymerization catalysts, and as a hydrogen source in fuel cells and batteries. The method produces stabilized alane by treating &agr;-AlH3 with an acidic solution that optionally contains a stabilizing agent such as an electron donor, an electron acceptor, or a compound which coordinates the Al3+ ion.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 29, 2001
Date of Patent:
September 9, 2003
Assignee:
SRI International
Inventors:
Mark A. Petrie, Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Paul E. Penwell, David C. Bomberger
Abstract: Calcium hydroxide in which the average secondary particle diameter at a cumulative percentage of 50% by number in a particle size distribution is 2.0 &mgr;m or less and the BET specific surface area is 7 to 20 m2/g and which is surface-treated with 0.1 to 10% by weight of an anionic surfactant, its production process and its use.
Abstract: Mesoporous crystalline alumina compositions and process for the preparation thereof are described. The compositions are useful as catalysts and absorbents.
Type:
Application
Filed:
July 27, 2001
Publication date:
March 20, 2003
Applicant:
Board of Trustees operating Michigan State University
Inventors:
Thomas J. Pinnavaia, Zhaorong Zhang, Randall Hicks
Abstract: A process of purifying titanium tetrachloride by first refluxing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with copper powder, rendering the impurities of vanadium, niobium and antimony nonvolatile, and then in a single step fractionally distilling the refluxed mixture to effectively and substantially reduce any arsenic, tin, niobium and vanadium in the titanium tetrachloride.
Type:
Application
Filed:
May 21, 2001
Publication date:
December 5, 2002
Inventors:
John Burnham Goddard, Michael Mark Litwin
Abstract: The invention provides novel lithium-mixed metal materials which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-mixed metal materials. Methods for making the novel lithium-mixed metal materials and methods for using such lithium-mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells are also provided. The lithium-mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. Preferred materials are lithium-mixed metal phosphates which contain lithium and two other metals besides lithium.
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 19, 2001
Publication date:
July 4, 2002
Inventors:
Jeremy Barker, M. Yazid Saidi, Jeffrey Swoyer
Abstract: A cold cathode is formed of carbon nitride. The cathode may include layers of boron nitride and diamond underlying the carbon nitride. The cathodes are made by reactive laser ablation or by sputtering. Electronic devices utilizing the carbon nitride cathodes are also described.
Abstract: A greater yield of chlorine dioxide from a chlorine dioxide generating process is obtained by providing acidic or acidity-generating components in the product chlorine dioxide solution to provide a chlorine dioxide solution having a pH below about 5.5.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 31, 2001
Publication date:
March 28, 2002
Inventors:
Edward J. Bechberger, Mario Luis Costa, Marek Lipsztajn
Abstract: Methods for inhibiting pyrophoric iron sulfide activity are disclosed. Methods are disclosed for inhibiting the sulfidation of iron oxides to iron sulfides and/or the oxidation of iron sulfide to inhibit pyrophoric activity. The methods comprise contacting iron oxides and/or iron sulfide with a liquid, solution, aerosol, or gaseous inhibitor comprising alkylamines, arylamines, imines; oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, esters, acids and ketones; mixed nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing compounds such as alkanolamines, non-polymeric amides, hydroxylamines, Mannich products, polyisobutylenesuccinimides, oximes; sulfur-containing compounds and phosphorus-containing compounds.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 9, 1998
Date of Patent:
December 11, 2001
Assignee:
BetzDearborn Inc.
Inventors:
Paul V. Roling, Wiley L. Parker, Alan E. Goliaszewski, Timothy S. Williams, Bernard C. Groce, Quincy K. A. Sintim
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic powder containing titanium dioxide fine particles containing an anionically active substance, where the electrokinetic potential of the fine particle is from about -100 to 0 mV in an aqueous environment at pH 5. Another object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic slurry containing the powder, and a polymer composition, a coating agent, a photocatalytic functional molded article and a photocatalytic functional structure using the powder.