Abstract: A near-infrared-absorption white material, a method of manufacturing the same, and uses thereof. The near-infrared-absorption material includes copper pyrophosphate compound. The copper pyrophosphate compound has a brightness (CIE L*) value of 90 or more in a visible-ray region and is excellent in particle manufacturing properties, and a crystalline structure of the copper pyrophosphate compound is made chemically stable using a heat treatment at a high temperature. The copper pyrophosphate compound is represented by the following chemical formula: Cu2P2O7 or Cu2P2O7.XH2O (x=1-3).

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating high solids concentrated milk products to delay gelation of the concentrated milk products by minimizing the rate at which the viscosity of the concentrates increases during cold storage. By another approach, the methods described herein are effective to substantially reduce the viscosity of the concentrated milk products. The methods described herein advantageously increase the length of time the high solids milk concentrates remain fluid and pumpable during refrigerated shelf-life. The high solids concentrated milk products treated with the methods provided herein include about 33 to about 43 percent total solids. By one approach, the high solids concentrated milk products have a pH of about 4.6 to about 6.7, and include salt at about 0.25 to about 6 percent by weight of the concentrate.

Abstract: A container for mailing a package or a small parcel to be sent or to be received, which container can be fastened to a door of a property, in particular without structural intervention, includes a base element, a lid element by which a mailing can be placed into the container or be removed from the container, and foldable side walls, by which the base element and the lid element are connected to each other. The lid element and the base element are movable against one another, at least in a vertical direction, by folding or at least partially unfolding the foldable side walls. The foldable side walls form a textile tube vertically extending between the base element and the lid element in the unfolded state, the textile tube defining an interior space with an at least substantially horizontal rectangular cross section.

Abstract: A cathode electrode material for use in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, based on the integration of two Li-based materials of NASICON- and Spinel-type structures, is described in the present invention. The structure and composition of the cathode can be described by a core material and a surface coating surrounding the core material, wherein the core of the cathode particle is of the formula LiMn2-xNixO4?? (0.5?x?0 & 0???1) and having a spinel crystal structure, the surface coating is of the formula Li1+xMxTi2-x(PO4)3 (M: is a trivalent cation, 0.5?x?0) having a NASICON-type crystal structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are diatomaceous earth products containing reduced soluble metal levels, processes for reducing soluble metal levels in diatomaceous earth products, and methods of using the same. In particular, diatomaceous earth products are disclosed that have been treated with at least one surface metal blocking agent, and then subjected to at least one thermal treatment process to reduce the level of soluble metals associated therewith. Such diatomaceous earth products containing reduced soluble metal levels may be useful for various applications including, but not limited to, as filter aid materials.

Abstract: A preparation method for a water-insoluble crystal form ammonium polyphosphate includes conveying crystal H-type phosphorus pentoxide and diammonium phosphate at a molar ratio of 1:1-1.5 into a malaxator with twin screws, and injecting ammonia gas for 3-40 minutes into the malaxator at 20-25 m3/h while preheating the material at a temperature between 100° C. and 300° C. Therafter one injects ammonia gas again at 8-15 m3/h for 4-8 hours. The resulting material is transferred to another sealed container and stirred while coupling agent is added. Stirring continues until the material drops below 60° C., the material then being transferred into organic solvent for washing for 30-50 minutes. Thereafter the material is first filter pressed, then subjected to low temperature drying, and then sieved to obtain the final product.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of gas phase alkaline chlorides in a combustion plant that is arranged for combustion of solid fuel and which includes a combustion chamber from which a flue-gas flow is directed to pass a heat transfer device. A phosphorous substance is added to the flue-gas flow, separate from the fuel, the substance chosen from a group of substances that form phosphorous oxide at combustion temperatures of approx. 500° C. or above, wherein the phosphorous substance is distributed in the flue-gas at a location upstream of the heat transfer device. The phosphorous substance is added to an amount which results in phosphatising of gas phase alkaline chlorides included in the flue-gas flow before the chlorides reach the heat transfer device. A corresponding combustion plant is disclosed, as well as the use of a phosphorous substance for phosphatising alkaline chloride in gaseous phase in a flue-gas flow.

Abstract: An anticorrosive pigment composition containing neither any heavy metal harmful to the environment nor zinc, which may be harmful to the environment. The composition is a product of the reaction of (a) aluminum dihydrogen tripolyphosphate, (b) a calcium compound selected among oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, and (c) a magnesium compound selected among oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. The composition exerts no adverse influence on the storage stability of water-based anticorrosive coating materials.

Abstract: Discloses are stabilized calcium pyrophosphate nanotubes, a process for making calcium pyrophosphate nanotubes comprising agitating at less than 2 OkHz an aqueous suspension of a calcium and a phosphate for a time sufficient to precipitate said inorganic calcium pyrophosphate nanotubes, and uses thereof.

Abstract: A method for removing and recovering phosphorus from a spent adsorbent medium to result in a regenerated medium and a phosphorus-containing solution useful as a fertilizer.

Abstract: A tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particle for use in preparing a fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is disclosed. The TTCP particle has a basic calcium phosphate whiskers on a surface thereof; the basic calcium phosphate whiskers having a Ca/P molar ratio greater than 1.33, and having a length up to about 5000 nm and a width up to about 500 nm. The basic calcium phosphate whiskers are substantially free of a hydroxyapatite phase and mainly composed of TTCP phase.

Abstract: A tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particle for use in preparing a fast-setting, bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement is disclosed. The TTCP particle has a basic calcium phosphate whiskers on a surface thereof; the basic calcium phosphate whiskers having a Ca/P molar ratio greater than 1.33, and having a length up to about 5000 nm and a width up to about 500 nm. The basic calcium phosphate whiskers are substantially free of a hydroxyapatite phase and mainly composed of TTCP phase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 ?. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: An additive for synthetic resins is provided which comprises composite particles obtained by depositing a calcium phosphate compound (R) on support particles (M) of a petaloid porous structure. The additive of the present invention provides synthetic resin compositions having excellent transparency, anti-scratch property, anti-blocking property and less discoloration caused by deterioration of resin.

Abstract: A method of shortening a working and setting time of a CPC paste without using additives or sacrificing its strength, which includes heating CPC powder so that the CPC powder is maintained at a temperature of 50-400° C. for a period of time which is greater than one minute.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 Å. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: A solid powder product with a Ca/P ratio of between 1.40 and 1.90 is prepared from tricalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate. An aqueous solution containing calcium ions and phosphate ions with a Ca/P ratio higher than 0.20 and lower than 0.50 is prepared. The aqueous solution and the solid powder product and optionally water are mixed to obtain a mixture with a liquid/solid weight ratio of between 0.30 and 0.65 and a resulting paste with a Ca/P ratio of between 1.50 and 1.67.

Abstract: A biphasic cement of &agr;-TCP/HAP is primarily composed of 30-60 wt % &agr;-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, &agr;-TCP) and 40-70 wt % of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAP). The biphasic cement of &agr;-TCP/HAP of the present invention is superior since it can set rapidly while soaking in a water solution. The present invention also provides a process for preparing the biphasic cement of &agr;-TCP/HAP, in which the composition of the biphasic cement of &agr;-TCP/HAP can be controlled.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 Å. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the manufacture of a ceramic material for fillings or dental prostheses, which includes the steps of forming a precipitation product having at least one slightly soluble calcium phosphate compound, which has at least two phases of crystals; the slightly soluble calcium phosphate compound being a replacement for dental tissue. The precipitation product further includes a freely soluble compound dissolvable in the saliva of a patient's mouth and which creates a porous structure within the slightly soluble phase. The pores of this structure are filled by precipitating ions from the patient's saliva. The precipitation product is then sintered and dried, before being explosively compressed to form the ceramic dental filing material.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic material based on calcium phosphate compounds for use in dental medicine by adding a phosphate solution to a calcium salt solution, separating the precipitation formed in the reaction solution from the mother liquor, drying, crushing and sintering is characterised in that at least one orthophosphate and at least one diphosphate, each in solution, are added to the calcium salt solution, wherein the molar ratio of diphosphate to orthophosphate is in the region of 0.001 to 0.03:1, and keeps the pH-value of the reaction solution in which the precipitation is formed in the region of 7.5 to 12 until the end of the reaction.

Abstract: Setting times of calcium phosphate cement compositions are enhanced by the addition of phosphate or carbonate lubricant compositions. Methods for preparing the cement compositions are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkali metal polyphosphate, comprising heating a solution comprising a solvent, alkali metal ions, phosphate ions, and 3 to 50% by weight of organic matter, wherein the solution contains, in total, 5 to 65% by weight of the alkali metal ions and the phosphate ions, and the ratio M/P is 1.0 to 3.0, wherein M is the number of moles of alkali metal ions in the solution and P is the number of moles of orthophosphate ions in the solution, at a temperature of 800.degree. to 1200.degree. C. in the presence of excess air, optionally after the solution is at least partially dried to solid, to produce the alkali metal polyphosphate.

Abstract: Carbonated hydroxyapatite compositions and their preparation are described. The compositions are biologically resorbable and are prepared as flowable masses which can be administered by syringe to set in situ to serve as a support structure, filler, prosthesis or the like.

Abstract: A method of making an inorganic salt-hydrogen peroxide complex includes the following steps: (a) mixing the inorganic salt with sufficient water for a time sufficient to form a soft paste, (b) mixing the paste with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to form a hydrogen peroxide-containing paste, and (c) drying the hydrogen peroxide-containing paste. A hydrate method of making Na.sub.4 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.3H.sub.2 O.sub.2 includes the steps of: mixing sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate solid with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide having a concentration of less than 30%, and drying the mixture. Compositions of matter include K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2 O.sub.2, KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4.H.sub.2 O.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 P.sub.2 O.sub.7.nH.sub.2 O.sub.2, Ca.sub.2 P.sub.2 O.sub.4.nH.sub.2 O.sub.2, Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4.nH.sub.2 O.sub.2, K.sub.2 SO.sub.4.nH.sub.2 O.sub.2, Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3.nH.sub.2 O.sub.2 and Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.7.nH.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Abstract: A bioactive ceramic material for dental fillings and crowns on the basis of calcium phosphate compounds contains crystallites of sparingly water-soluble calcium phosphate compounds in an amorphous, vitreous or polycrystalline matrix of readily water-soluble calcium phosphate compounds, the Ca/P-atomic ratio of the calcium phosphate compounds being altogether <1.65.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonium polyphosphate of crystalline form II is described, which comprises heating a mixture of a phosphate-containing substance and a condensation agent in an ammoniacal wet air atmosphere in the presence of ammonium polyphosphate of crystalline form II as a compound for crystal formation (seed compound) to condense the phosphate-containing substance with the condensation agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing sodium tripolyphosphate which will dissolve readily in an aqueous solution also containing sodium chloride and various spices and flavorings useful in the treatment of food products such as fresh red meats, poultry and fish. The sodium tripolyphosphate of this invention is prepared from a dry blend of disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate in a weight ratio in the range of from about 2.35 to about 2.45. The dry blend is calcined so as to produce a product having from 85% to 90% sodium tripolyphosphate, of which from about 90% to 100%, by weight, is phase II product. The product also contains about 10% to about 15% sodium pyrophosphate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing mixed alkali metal salts of tripolyphosphate. A solution of mixed orthophosphate salts, such as sodium and potassium is dried by spraying the mixture onto a hot tumbling bed of a mixture of phosphate salts. The dried salts are then calcined at a temperature in the range of from about 350.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C., preferably above 500.degree. C. to form the mixed alkali metal salt of tripolyphosphate.

Abstract: A process for preparing high absorptivity granular sodium phosphate mixtures made of sodium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates and orthophosphates by hydrating and dehydrating a mixture comprising sodium tripolyphosphate in major proportion, and recovering the high absorptivity granular sodium phosphate mixture.

Abstract: To prepare essentially water-insoluble, long-chain ammonium polyphosphate, in a first stage, ammonium orthophosphate and phosphorus pentoxide are reacted in the presence of gaseous ammonia in a reactor equipped in its interior with mixing, kneading and comminution apparatus, until the drive motor of the reactor passes through the second current peak in its current consumption/time diagram. In a second stage, the material discharged from the reactor is then fed to a disk dryer, the heating disks of which are maintained at temperatures of 240.degree. to 300.degree. C., whereas its lower cooling disk has temperatures of 5.degree. to 45.degree. C. The material, which covers the disks of the disk dryer at a layer thickness of 5 to 20 mm, has a residence time of 35 to 70 minutes in the disk dryer, while ammonia-containing gas is continuously passed through the disk dryer.

Abstract: Bauxite mineral is used directly, to remove phosphates from water, in a high efficiency, highly economical system. The process of the invention involves the step of contacting the waste water stream with Bauxite for a time sufficient to lower the phosphate concentration to a predetermined lower level. The predetermined lower level is typically less than about 2 mg/l of water, and can be to a concentration of less than 1 mg/l. The Bauxite has an average particle size of greater than about 50 mesh. Advantageously, the particle size is at least about one quarter of an inch.The Bauxite which is used can be washed and graded to produce Bauxite having a particle size on the order of about one quarter of an inch. The Bauxite can be ground to an average particle size of at least about 50 mesh to produce a material having a higher reaction rate.

Abstract: A granular STPP suitable for detergent compositions which is non-caking in non-agitated water is produced by wetting anhydrous phase II STPP granules and drying the granules to remove free water. The resulting granules, when incorporated in detergent compositions, form a free flowing detergent slurry in detergent dispensing systems.

Abstract: A method of producing medium density granular sodium tripolyphosphate by compacting sodium tripolyphosphate fines with dried sodium orthophosphate salt followed by calcining the compacted mixture at a temperature in the range of from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C.

Abstract: Finely divided particles of II type ammonium polyphosphate (APP) which, when added to polyolefin resins, etc., afford products having a small reduction in the mechanical characteristics, a reduced particle diameter and an increased specific surface area and nevertheless, having bleed resistance and flame retardancy similar to those of conventional products, and a process for producing the particles are provided,the particles being characterized in that 80% by weight or more thereof have a particle diameter of 10 .mu.m or less and 5% aqueous solution thereof dissolved in 80.degree. C. water has 500 cps or more, and the process being a process for producing the particles by reacting ammonium phosphate with P.sub.2 O.sub.5, each in a nearly equimolar quantity, in a NH.sub.3 gas atmosphere and at an elevated temperature, comprisinga first reaction step carried out in N.sub.2 gas atmosphere without feeding NH.sub.3 gas, a second reaction step of instantaneously feeding NH.sub.3 gas or a NH.sub.

Abstract: In order to remove ammonia from water vapor-containing gases, in particular offgases, the gases are brought into intimate contact with warmed polyphosphoric acid, the polyphosphoric acid advantageously having a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content of from 70 to 84% by weight and a temperature of from 120.degree. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: For producing substantially water-insoluble, chain-type ammonium polyphosphate, equimolar quantities of diammonium phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide are reacted at temperatures from 170.degree. to 350.degree. C. in a zone, which effects continuous mixing, kneading and comminution, in the presence of a stream of ammonia gas. In this process, the water is separated from the ammonia gas which leaves the zone and contains water vapor, and the dried ammonia gas is caused to flow again through the zone.A plant for producing substantially water-insoluble, chain-type ammonium polyphosphate can comprise a reactor (1) into which an ammonia feed pipe (8) and pipes for feeding phosphorus pentoxide (6) and diammonium phosphate (7) lead and from which an ammonium polyphosphate discharge pipe (9) and an exit gas pipe (10) start. The exit gas pipe (10) leads into a condenser (13) which is flow-connected via a pump (14) to a heat exchanger (15).

Abstract: A hydraulic calcium phosphate cement composition contains as main ingredients powders of calcium tertiary phosphate and calcium secondary phosphate with a molar ratio of Ca/P of 1.400 to 1.498. The calcium tertiary phosphate contains .alpha.-type calcium tertiary phosphate and .beta.-type calcium tertiary phosphate. The cement composition may contain a hardening liquid including water.

Abstract: To prepare essentially water-insoluble, chain-form ammonium polyphosphate from equimolar amounts of di- ammonium phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of ammonia at temperatures of from 170.degree. to 350.degree. C. with constant mixing, kneading and comminution, at least some of the diammonium phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide is replaced by partially ammoniated polyphosphoric acid.A plant for carrying out this process can comprise a sealed reactor (1) which is provided with metering devices (2, 3) and feed tubes (4, 5) for phosphorus pentoxide and diammonium orthophosphate, an ammonia feed tube (8), an ammonium polyphosphate discharge tube (9) and a line for offgas. Rotatable mixing, kneading and comminution elements are provided inside the reactor (1).

Abstract: Potassium phosphate useful as a low-chloride content fertilizer is prepared by reacting phosphoric acid, commercial or technical grade, with fertilizer-grade potassium chloride (Muriate of Potash, 60-63% K.sub.2 O) at a reaction temperature of about 130.degree. C. and a mole ratio of phosphorus to potassium of at least about 1.3:1. The vaporization of hydrogen chloride from the reaction mixture is effected by a novel technique combining air followed by steam stripping. The reaction product is used to produce various types as well as grades of fertilizers. The procedure may be used to form sodium phosphate in analogous manner from sodium chloride, which then may be converted to trisodium phosphate or sodium tripolyphosphate. The potassium phosphate may be converted to potassium pyrophosphate by neutralization with potassium hydroxide followed by calcination.

Abstract: A method of producing medium density granular sodium phosphates by agglomerating STP fines with mineral acids, drying the agglomerated fines and screening to recover the dry agglomerated fines.

Abstract: A process for producing essentially water-insoluble, chain-type ammonium polyphosphates of the general formula (NH.sub.4 PO.sub.3).sub.n, in which n is a number from 10 to 1,000, whose 20% by weight aqueous suspension prepared at 60.degree. C. has a viscosity of less than 100 mPa.s at 20.degree. C., is indicated, which comprises allowing a reaction mixture of ammonium orthophosphate and phosphorus pentoxide to react fully at a high mixing intensity in a crumbly phase at a temperature from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C. over a period of from 10 to 60 minutes and then heat-treating the reaction material in a known manner over a period of from 50 to 200 minutes at a temperature from 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. under an ammonia atmosphere.Advantageously, the reaction is carried out in a kneader.

Abstract: A concentrated aqueous alkali metal polyphosphate solution is prepared by adding polyphosphoric acid having a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 assay of about 82% to about 85% to a quantity of concentrated aqueous alkali metal hydroxide sufficient to neutralize the acid. The resulting polyphosphate solution is richer in pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate moieties than the acid.

Abstract: Phosphates, e.g., the polyphosphates and halophosphates, are prepared in high purity by melt thermocondensing corresponding precursors thereof, e.g., salts of orthophosphoric, pyrophosphoric or metaphosphoric acid, via electromagnetic induction heating, for example in an auto-crucible furnace.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process from producing granular sodium tripolyphosphate of predetermined particle size by means of calcining sodium orthophosphate dried from water solution and milled to a predetermined particle size. The tripolyphosphate is produced having approximately the same particle size distribution as the orthophosphate feed. Moisturizing the feed prior to calcining increases the assay of the product.

Abstract: A method of forming condensed phosphates comprising reacting phosphate ions, such as generated from polyphosphate salts, and sulfamides, in an aqueous solution or suspension. An example of such a reaction is the reaction of tetrasodium tripolyphosphate and sulfamide in water to form sodium trimetaphosphate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making potassium tripolyphosphate by loading an ion exchange resin with either potassium or hydrogen ions and passing an aqueous solution of sodium tripolyphosphate through the resin so that the sodium ions of the sodium tripolyphosphate are exchanged with the ions loaded onto the resin, forming either potassium tripolyphosphate or tripolyphosphoric acid, respectively. The tripolyphosphoric acid is reacted with potassium hydroxide to form potassium tripolyphosphate. When the ion exchange resin becomes exhausted it is regenerated using a potassium-containing ionic solution, forming a sodium ion containing stream. The sodium ion containing stream is reacted with a phosphoric acid to form a stream of sodium phosphates.

Abstract: A process is provided for working up dusts which have been precipitated electrostatically from the gas mixture composed essentially of carbon monoxide and phosphorus vapor produced in the electrothermal production of yellow phosphorus, which process comprises converting the dusts into a calcinate at 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. under oxidizing conditions in a first step, leaching the calcinate with phosphoric acid in a second step, adjusting the pH of the solution in phosphoric acid to 0 to 1.5 with sodium hydroxide solution in a third step, precipitating the sulfides of lead, copper and cadmium from the partially neutralized solution in phosphoric acid by adding sulfide and filtering them off in a fourth step, adjusting the pH of the filtered, partially neutralized solution in phosphoric acid to about 1.5 to 5.

Abstract: A process is provided for manufacturing tetrasodium pyrophosphate from sodium tripolyphosphate and a sodium salt capable of forming sodium carbonate on calcination. A compound capable of forming sodium carbonate is added to adjust the mol ratio to about 2, the mixture is milled and heated to from 300.degree. C. to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 ?. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.