Ammonia Or Ammonium Hydroxide Patents (Class 423/352)
-
Patent number: 8026001Abstract: A lithium hydride activation method includes: a nitrification treatment process of reacting lithium hydride with a nitride and therefore forming a chemical compound layer stable to the nitride, on a surface of the lithium hydride; and a particle size reduction process of reducing a particle size of the lithium hydride provided with the chemical compound layer by a mechanical pulverization treatment after the nitrification treatment process is performed. A hydrogen generation method includes generating hydrogen by reacting ammonia with the lithium hydride activated by the activation method.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 2009Date of Patent: September 27, 2011Assignees: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Hiroshima UniversityInventors: Kyoichi Tange, Yoshitsugu Kojima, Takayuki Ichikawa, Chie Oomatsu, Satoshi Hino
-
Publication number: 20110201494Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has one or more holes extending therethrough, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst or catalyst unit preferably has one or more flutes miming along its length. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 24, 2009Publication date: August 18, 2011Applicant: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLCInventors: David James Birdsall, Mileta Babovic, Mikael Per Uno Carlsson, Samuel Arthur French, Michiel Nijemeisland, William Maurice Sengelow, Edmund Hugh Stitt
-
Patent number: 7993611Abstract: Wet-chemical methods involving the use of water-soluble hydrolytically stable metal-ion chelate precursors and an ammonium oxalate precipitant can be used in a coprecipitation procedure for the preparation of ceramic powders. Both the precursor solution and the ammonium oxalate precipitant solution are at neutral or near-neutral pH. A composition-modified barium titanate is one of the ceramic powders that can be produced. Certain metal-ion chelates can be prepared from 2-hydroxypropanoic acid and ammonium hydroxide.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 2006Date of Patent: August 9, 2011Assignee: EEStor, Inc.Inventors: Richard D. Weir, Carl W. Nelson
-
Publication number: 20110176987Abstract: A transfer apparatus for facilitating transfer between a higher density fluid and a lower density fluid. The apparatus includes a transfer chamber includes a higher density fluid zone and a lower density fluid zone adjacent each other. A moveable contactor is housed in the transfer chamber. At least a portion of the moveable contactor is moveable between the higher density fluid zone and the lower density fluid zone. A current generator connected to the transfer chamber generates a current in the lower density fluid zone. A transfer system includes a plurality of fluidly connected apparatuses in series.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 18, 2011Publication date: July 21, 2011Inventors: Kenneth Haggerty, Sarah Venhuis
-
Publication number: 20110172086Abstract: A catalyst unit is described comprising a cylinder with a length C and a diameter D, wherein said unit has five holes arranged in a pentagonal pattern extending longitudinally therethrough, with five flutes running along the length of the unit, said flutes positioned equidistant adjacent holes of said pentagonal pattern. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 24, 2009Publication date: July 14, 2011Applicant: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLCInventors: David James Birdsall, Mileta Babovic, Mikael Per Uno Carlsson, Samuel Arthur French, Michiel Nijemeisland, William Maurice Sengelow, Edmund Hugh Stitt
-
Publication number: 20110165055Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for synthesizing ammonia using nano-size metal or metal alloy catalyst particles. Hydrogen and nitrogen gases are passed through a system comprising, for example, a bed of magnetite supporting nano-size iron or iron alloy catalyst particles having an optional oxide layer that forms the catalyst.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 17, 2011Publication date: July 7, 2011Applicant: QUANTUMSPHERE, INC.Inventors: R. Douglas Carpenter, Kevin Maloney
-
Publication number: 20110166013Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has two or more flutes running along its length, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst may be used particularly in reactions where hydrogen is a reactant such as hydroprocessing, hydrogenation, water-gas shift reactions, methanation, hydrocarbon synthesis by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, methanol synthesis and ammonia synthesis.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 24, 2009Publication date: July 7, 2011Applicant: JOHNSON MATTHEY PLCInventors: Daniel Lee Cairns, Mileta Babovic, Terence James Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth Margaret Holt, Colin William Park, William Maurice Sengelow, Edmund Hugh Stitt
-
Publication number: 20110097257Abstract: A method includes a first step of, with a CO2.H2S stripper maintained to have a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, from the ammonia-containing wastewater, discharging CO2 and H2S in a form of gas having a low moisture concentration from a tower top of the CO2.H2S stripper while discharging an ammonia-containing solution from a tower bottom of the CO2.H2S stripper; a second step of introducing the ammonia-containing solution obtained after the first step into an ammonia stripper which is maintained to have a lower pressure than that of the CO2.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 19, 2010Publication date: April 28, 2011Applicant: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Inventors: Fumiaki Sato, Hiroyuki Furuichi, Yudai Kato, Kazuo Ishida
-
Patent number: 7914755Abstract: Wet-chemical methods involving the use of water-soluble hydrolytically stable metal-ion chelate precursors and the use of a nonmetal-ion-containing strong base can be used in a coprecipitation procedure for the preparation of ceramic powders. Examples of the precipitants used include tetraalkylammonium hydroxides. A composition-modified barium titanate is one of the ceramic powders that can be produced. Certain metal-ion chelates can be prepared from 2-hydroxypropanoic acid and ammonium hydroxide.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 2006Date of Patent: March 29, 2011Assignee: EEStor, Inc.Inventors: Richard D. Weir, Carl W. Nelson
-
Patent number: 7897130Abstract: A process for obtaining a synthesis gas (GS) at a predetermined high pressure corresponding to the ammonia synthesis pressure, in which there are hydrogen and nitrogen in a 3/1 molar ratio, comprising the steps of feeding a continuous flow of natural gas to a primary reforming step (RP) with steam and to a subsequent secondary reforming step (RS) with excess air obtaining a gaseous flow (GF) comprises hydrogen, excess nitrogen with respect to said molar ratio, undesired substances such as impurities and inerts and subjects said gaseous flow to a purification step comprising cryogenic rectification in a separator unit (S) obtaining a continuous flow of synthesis gas (GS) comprising hydrogen and nitrogen in a 3/1 molar ratio, and to a subsequent compression step up to a pressure value required for ammonia synthesis.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 2006Date of Patent: March 1, 2011Assignee: Ammonia Casale S.A.Inventors: Ermanno Filippi, Geoffrey Frederick Skinner
-
Publication number: 20110033361Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for depleting halide ions from liquid ammonia, wherein the liquid ammonia is brought into contact with a strongly basic ion exchanger, where the basic structure of the strongly basic ion exchanger is a covalently crosslinked polymer matrix. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of an ammonia obtainable according to the invention as starting material in the production of amines.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 26, 2009Publication date: February 10, 2011Applicant: BASF SEInventors: Roland Bou Chedid, Gabriele Iffland, Jürgen Ciprian, Johann-Peter Melder, Frank-Friedrich Pape
-
Patent number: 7875089Abstract: A hydrogen generation apparatus employs a thermocatalytic reactor (60) formed of a top plate (62), a bottom plate (66), and a reactor core (64) disposed between the top an bottom plates. The reactor core has a reaction surface (64a) and a combustion surface (64b), each surface having a raised periphery defining opposing ends (61a and 61b) and opposing sides (63a and 63b). The reaction surface (64a) and the top plate (62) together define a reaction chamber and the combustion surface (64b) and the bottom plate (66) together define a combustion chamber. The reaction core (64) has a first set of a plurality of spaced apart, substantially straight radiating fins (76a) extending from the reaction surface (64a) and a second set of a plurality of spaced part, substantially straight radiating fins (76b) extending from the combustion surface (64b).Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 2002Date of Patent: January 25, 2011Assignee: Intelligent Energy, Inc.Inventors: Michael Roy Powell, Charles J. Call
-
Patent number: 7867300Abstract: The present disclosure provides teachings relating to ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus and associated methods of use. Exemplary methods and apparatus comprise a thermocatalytic hydrogen generation reactor which includes a reaction chamber containing a catalyst-coated substrate, and a combustion chamber containing a catalyst-coated substrate. Exemplary catalyst-coated substrates include, but are not limited to, metal foam, monolith, mesh, ceramic foam or ceramic monolith.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 2005Date of Patent: January 11, 2011Assignee: Intelligent Energy, Inc.Inventors: Anand Chellappa, Michael Roy Powell
-
Publication number: 20100322837Abstract: Embodiments are described that generally relate to the storage and release of a gas using piezoelectric materials.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 19, 2009Publication date: December 23, 2010Inventor: Seth Adrian Miller
-
Publication number: 20100300081Abstract: An ammonia producing device for an exhaust system of an engine is provided. It includes a pressure vessel having a cavity for storage of pressurized gases. The pressure vessel includes insulation located at least partially about the cavity for limiting heat transfer from within the cavity. A flash heater is disposed within the cavity and adjacent a solid ammonia gas producing material. An outlet port extends from the pressure vessel and has a valve located therein for providing egress of pressurized gases from within the pressure vessel.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 14, 2009Publication date: December 2, 2010Inventors: Gary C. Fulks, Kenneth M. Rahmoeller
-
Patent number: 7837965Abstract: A process for reducing hydrogen sulfide from a gas comprising contacting the gas with an aqueous scrubbing liquid recycled from a sour water stripper. The aqueous scrubbing liquid comprises ammonia. The contacting of the gas with the aqueous scrubbing liquid thereby produces a semi-sweet gas with reduced concentration of hydrogen sulfide and a rich liquid solution.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 2008Date of Patent: November 23, 2010Assignee: Thiosolv, LLCInventor: Mark C. Anderson
-
Publication number: 20100280136Abstract: A process for carrying out at least two unit operations in series, the process comprising the step of: (a) directing a feed stream into an integrated assembly which comprises a first microchannel unit operation upon at least one chemical of the feed stream to generate a distributed output stream that exits the first microchannel unit operation in a first set of discrete microchannels isolating flow through the discrete microchannels; and (b) directing the distributed output stream of the first microchannel unit operation into a second microchannel unit operation as a distributed input stream, to continue isolating flow between the first set of discrete microchannels, and conducting at least one operation upon at least one chemical of the input stream to generate a product stream that exits the second microchannel unit operation, where the first microchannel unit operation and the second unit operation share a housing.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 5, 2007Publication date: November 4, 2010Inventors: Anna Lee Y. Tonkovich, Robert D. Litt, Timothy M. Werner, Bin Yang
-
Publication number: 20100266475Abstract: A process for saturating a material capable of binding ammonia by ad- or absorption and initially free of ammonia or partially saturated with ammonia comprises treating said material under a pressure and associated temperature located on the vapor pressure curve of ammonia with an amount of liquid ammonia sufficient to saturate said material and an additional amount of a cooling agent selected from liquid ammonia, liquid or solid CO2, hydrocarbons and hydrohalocarbons that have a higher vapour pressure than ammonia, ethyl ether, methyl formate, methyl amine and ethyl amine, such that |Qabs|?|Qevap|+Qext, wherein Qabs is the amount of heat released from said material when it absorbs ammonia from the liquid phase thereof to the point where it is saturated with ammonia, Qevap is the amount of heat absorbed by said cooling agent when it evaporates, and Qext is the amount of heat exchanged with the surroundings and is positive, if heat is removed from the process by external cooling, and negative, if heat is addedType: ApplicationFiled: October 9, 2009Publication date: October 21, 2010Applicant: Amminex A/SInventors: Johnny Johansen, Henrik Wagner-Pedersen, Jakob Svagin, Tue Johannessen, Ulrich J. Quaade
-
Publication number: 20100254880Abstract: Preferred aspects of the present invention provide ammonium nitrate compositions comprising ammonium nitrate and at least one stabilizing agent, and preferably a third compound. In certain preferred embodiments, the stabilizing agent, together with third compound, is present under conditions and in amounts effective to substantially reduce the detonation sensitivity of the composition and/or to otherwise improve a desired property of the composition.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 12, 2007Publication date: October 7, 2010Applicant: Honeywell International Inc.Inventors: JAMES A. KWEEDER, Richard J. Williams
-
Patent number: 7785556Abstract: A method of recovering ammonia by the distillation of an aqueous solution containing ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide. The distillation is conducted using a distillation apparatus having at least its portion which comes into contact with the aqueous solution made of an alloy 1 or alloy 2. The alloy 1 contains 3% by weight or more of molybdenum, 15% by weight or more of nickel and 15% by weight or more of chromium. The alloy 2 contains 1% by weight or more of molybdenum, 9% by weight or less of nickel and 20% by weight or more of chromium. The use of the alloy 1 or alloy 2 prevents the corrosion of the distillation apparatus and enables the stable recovery of ammonia for a long period of time.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 2007Date of Patent: August 31, 2010Assignee: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.Inventors: Kazuhiko Amakawa, Fumio Tanaka, Takuji Shitara
-
Publication number: 20100209329Abstract: Provided is a process for producing ammonia by the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide in the presence of a hydrocarbon, and in certain embodiments, in the presence of an oxygenated hydrocarbon.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 28, 2010Publication date: August 19, 2010Applicant: BASF Catalysts LLCInventors: Howard FURBECK, Gerald S. Koermer, Ahmad Moini, Steven J. Schmieg
-
Patent number: 7776306Abstract: A method of forming basic copper carbonates includes providing an aqueous solution comprising copper (II), ammonia, and carbonic acid; and adding sufficient carbon dioxide to precipitate a basic copper carbonate from the aqueous solution.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 2009Date of Patent: August 17, 2010Assignee: Peninsula Copper Industries IncorporatedInventors: Jeff Miller, Brian Miller, Nader Mazloom
-
Publication number: 20100204348Abstract: A gasification plant and methods for producing ammonia, Fischer-Tropsch fuels, electrical power, and/or sulfur from carbon-bearing feedstocks including coal and/or petroleum coke. Methods for production of desired relative amounts of ammonia and Fischer-Tropsch liquid hydrocarbons by adjusting the amount of synthesis gas bypassing the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The multi-product and integrated plants may be used to reduce the amount of CO2 vented into the atmosphere during the production of these products.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 21, 2010Publication date: August 12, 2010Applicant: RENTECH, INC.Inventors: Peter S. PEDERSEN, Dennis L. YAKOBSON
-
Patent number: 7767181Abstract: A method of ammonia production for a selective catalytic reduction system includes producing a first exhaust flow and a second exhaust flow. The first exhaust flow has a higher NOx concentration than the second exhaust flow. The method also includes directing a portion of the second exhaust flow to a reformer. The method further includes combining the portion of the second exhaust flow directed to the reformer with the first exhaust flow upstream of an ammonia-producing catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 2006Date of Patent: August 3, 2010Assignee: Caterpillar IncInventors: Ronald Silver, Julie Marie Faas, Paul Worn Park, Christie Susan Ragle
-
Publication number: 20100183497Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for synthesizing ammonia using nano-size metal or metal alloy catalyst particles. Hydrogen and nitrogen gases are passed through a system comprising, for example, a bed of magnetite supporting nano-size iron or iron alloy catalyst particles having an optional oxide layer that forms the catalyst.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 31, 2010Publication date: July 22, 2010Applicant: QUANTUMSPHERE, INC.Inventors: R. Douglas CARPENTER, Kevin MALONEY
-
Publication number: 20100172816Abstract: A system for storing ammonia comprises gas detector that is able to detect gases other than ammonia. The system further comprises thermally activatable ammonia stores, which can be activated to release ammonia upon heating. When the ammonia stores are not heated, the system is below ambient pressure and any leak will cause external gas to enter the system. Therefore, the gas detector is used to detect the presence of such external gas, which allows to detect leaks. The gas detector may be embodied as a thermal detector using a single heater and two temperature sensors for detecting a gas flow as well as external gas.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 15, 2009Publication date: July 8, 2010Inventors: Felix Mayer, Mark Hornung, Lukas Bürgi, Pascal Gerner
-
Publication number: 20100143226Abstract: A process is proposed for reprocessing the exhaust gas from a plant for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with hydrogen for the purpose of utilization of at least a part of the nitrogen monoxide and if appropriate hydrogen present in the exhaust gas for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts, which comprises, in a first separation stage, selectively separating off nitrogen monoxide from the exhaust gas of the plant for producing hydroxylamine or hydroxylammonium salts.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 30, 2007Publication date: June 10, 2010Applicant: BASF SEInventors: Carsten Oost, Wolfgang Rohde, Christian Miller, Manfred Stroezel, Alfred Thome, Wilfried Berning
-
Patent number: 7731935Abstract: An apparatus for steam reforming of hydrocarbons comprises a heat exchange reformer having disposed within a plurality of vertical catalyst-filled tubes, through which a gas mixture comprising hydrocarbon and steam may be passed, and to which heat may be transferred by means of a heat exchange medium flowing around the external tube surfaces, wherein heat exchange adapting means are provided within the reformer so that the tubes have a zone of lower heat exchange extending from the bottom of the catalyst up to 25% of the catalyst depth with no heat exchange enhancement means provided in that zone. A process for steam reforming of hydrocarbons employs this apparatus.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 2006Date of Patent: June 8, 2010Assignee: Johnson Matthey PLCInventors: Stuart Ballentyne Brady, Peter William Farnell, Martin Fowles
-
Publication number: 20100129283Abstract: A chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprises a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective covers (3 and 4), at least one reaction zone (7, 8) in which a respective catalytic bed (9, 10) and a plurality of heat exchangers (25) placed in said at least one reaction zone (7, 8) are supported.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 30, 2009Publication date: May 27, 2010Applicant: Methanol Casale S.A.Inventors: Ermanno Filippi, Enrico Rizzi, Mirco Tarozzo
-
Patent number: 7708966Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system includes an on-board ammonia generation system that produces nitrogen from air and hydrogen from a source of a hydrogen-containing compound, and generates an ammonia product from the nitrogen and hydrogen to provide the ammonia product into an exhaust from a NOx generator to reduce the NOx in the exhaust. Oxygen from one or both of the nitrogen generator and the hydrogen generation cell can be supplied to the NOx generator for cleaner combustion or to a particulate filter for cleaning the filter. H2O from the NOx generator can at least partially provide a water source for the hydrogen generation cell.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 2008Date of Patent: May 4, 2010Assignee: Ceramatec, Inc.Inventor: Ashok V. Joshi
-
Patent number: 7703403Abstract: A system and method for decomposing ammonia from fly ash contaminated with ammonia is provided which includes maintaining the temperature of a bed of ammonia-contaminated fly ash at a decomposition temperature greater than 500° F. and less than 842° F. to decompose the ammonia from the fly ash. In a preferred embodiment, the ammonia-laden fly ash is maintained at a temperatures less than a lowest carbon combustion temperature at which substantial combustion of carbon in fly ash begins to occur. A preferred embodiment includes a first chamber operating at a decomposition temperature greater than 500° F. and less than 842° F. followed by a second chamber operating at a higher carbon combustion temperature for carbon burn-out.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 2007Date of Patent: April 27, 2010Assignee: PMI Ash Technologies, LLCInventors: Vincent M. Giampa, Joseph W. Cochran
-
Publication number: 20100093877Abstract: A novel catalytic reactor suitable for use in chemical and petrochemical processes. The reactor is of a pillow panel that has superior heat transfer properties. This invention also relates to a chemical process, such as a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process performed with use of the novel pillow panel reactor.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 29, 2009Publication date: April 15, 2010Inventor: Rafael Espinoza
-
Publication number: 20100086467Abstract: A system for storage and dosing of ammonia, including a solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system is able to release ammonia gradually according to a demand that can vary over time with intermediate periods of no ammonia demand. A main storage unit and a start-up storage unit are provided. The storage units hold ammonia storage material. At least one one-way valve is provided via which the one main storage unit is in communication with the start-up storage unit. The one-way valve prevents any back-flow of ammonia from the start-up storage unit to the main storage unit. Heating devices are arranged to heat the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit separately to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 3, 2009Publication date: April 8, 2010Applicant: Amminex A/SInventors: Johnny Johansen, Jan Oeschsle, Henning Schmidt, Tue Johannessen, Jakob Svagin
-
Patent number: 7685809Abstract: Often NOx selective catalysts that use ammonia to reduce NOx within exhaust to a harmless gas require on-board storage of ammonia which can be hazardous and inconvenient. In order to generate ammonia in exhaust, the present disclosure increases a NOx concentration in exhaust from at least one combustion chamber, at least in part, by injecting fuel in a predetermined increased NOx generation sequence that includes a first injection during non-auto ignition conditions and a second injection during auto ignition conditions. At least a portion of the NOx is converted to ammonia by passing at least a portion of the exhaust with the increased NOx concentration over an ammonia-producing catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 2005Date of Patent: March 30, 2010Assignee: Caterpillar Inc.Inventors: Josh Driscoll, Wade J. Robel, Cory A. Brown, Roger L. Urven, Jr.
-
Publication number: 20100076097Abstract: A chemical product providing system is provided, which comprises an electrolyser and a gasification unit, whereas the gasification unit is fed with oxygen, resulted from the electrolyser, to produce a synthesis gas by the gasification unit, the synthesis gas being a source material for the chemical product. A method is for providing a chemical product is also provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 18, 2009Publication date: March 25, 2010Inventors: Thomas Metz, Erik Wolf
-
Patent number: 7682586Abstract: This invention relates generally to the treatment of NOx in combustion flue gas. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the use of a regenerative heat exchanger (RHE) to convert urea to ammonia in a side stream of flue gas. Ammonia and/or other urea decomposition products exit the heat exchanger, are mixed with the rest of the flue gas, and enter a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit for reduction of NOx in the flue gas. The use of an RHE significantly improves the thermal efficiency of the overall process. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the regenerative heat exchanger is a dual chamber RHE.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 2007Date of Patent: March 23, 2010Assignee: Babcock Power Environmental, Inc.Inventors: John R. Harold, Clayton A. Erickson
-
Publication number: 20100050615Abstract: Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in exhaust gases or as an energy carrier for fuel cell applications. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH3)nXz, where Mz+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges). Ammonia is released by controlled dosing of water into the storage container whereby ammonia is released because water replaces ammonia on the active sites capable of binding ammonia. Consequently, ammonia can be released without applying a normal thermal desorption of ammonia and the operating temperature of the system is reduced as well as the energy needed for releasing ammonia.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 19, 2007Publication date: March 4, 2010Applicant: Gladsaxevej 363Inventors: Tue Johannessen, Henning Schmidt, Jens Kehlef Norskov, Claus Hviid Christensen
-
Publication number: 20100047638Abstract: There is described a method and apparatus (100, 100?) for storing and delivering ammonia wherein at least two ammonia storage materials (1a, 2a) capable of reversibly adsorbing or absorbing ammonia having different ammonia vapor pressures are used. Ammonia storage material (2a) having a lower vapor pressure, which is only partially saturated with ammonia or void of ammonia, is brought into fluid communication with ammonia storage material (1a) having a higher ammonia vapor pressure to adsorb or absorb ammonia released from the ammonia storage material (1a) having a higher ammonia vapor pressure when the latter is higher than a pressure threshold. An automotive NOx treatment system (200) comprising such apparatus (100, 100?) is also described.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 21, 2007Publication date: February 25, 2010Applicant: Amminex A/SInventor: Tue Johannessen
-
Publication number: 20090297417Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus enabling the efficient utilization of urea for purposes such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, which enable feeding urea to a chamber designed to efficiently and completely gasify the urea to enable ammonia feed. Preferably, aqueous urea is fed to a gasification chamber, which is also fed with heated gases. An injector means, capable of distributing the aqueous urea as fine droplets, is positioned centrally of a gas distribution plate in the chamber. An arrangement of spaced holes in the gas distribution plate provides higher gas velocity in the vicinity of the injector means than near the walls of the chamber. Uniform gas distribution without equipment fouling is achieved.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 27, 2009Publication date: December 3, 2009Applicant: FUEL TECH, INC.Inventors: William H. Sun, John M. Boyle, Ronald A. Lau
-
Publication number: 20090257940Abstract: A system of hardware and controls, know as a Hydrogen Hub, that absorbs electric power from any source, including hydropower, wind, solar, and other energy resources, chemically stores the power in hydrogen-dense anhydrous ammonia, then reshapes the stored energy to the power grid with zero emissions by using anhydrous ammonia to fuel diesel-type, spark-ignited internal combustion, combustion turbine, fuel cell or other electric power generators.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 18, 2009Publication date: October 15, 2009Inventor: John S. Robertson
-
Publication number: 20090246114Abstract: A hydrothermally stable, microporous organic-inorganic hybrid membrane based on silica, having an mean pore diameter of between 0.2 and 1.5 nm, is characterised in that between 5 and 40 mole % of the Si—O—Si bonds have been replaced by moieties having the one of the formulas: Si—{[CmH(n-1)X]—Si—}q, Si—[CmH(n-2)X2]—Si or Si—CmHn—Si{(CmHn)—Si—}y in which m=1-8, n=2m, 2m-2, 2m-4, 2m-6 or 2m-8; provided that n?2, X=H or (CH2)pSi, p=0 or 1, and q=1, 2, 3 or 4. The membrane can be produced by acid-catalysed hydrolysis of suitable bis-silane precursors such as bis(trialkoxysily)alkanes, preferably in the presence of monoorganyl-silane precursors such as trialkoxy-alkylsilanes.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 16, 2007Publication date: October 1, 2009Applicant: STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLANDInventors: Ashima Sah, Hessel Lennart Castricum, Jaap Ferdinand Vente, David Hermanus Adrianus Blank, Johan Evert Ten Elshof
-
Publication number: 20090226356Abstract: A device for evaporating at least one of the following reactants: a reducing agent precursor solution and a reducing agent precursor, includes at least one electrically heatable heating zone having at least one electrically operable heating element with a heating resistor that is self-regulated about a significant temperature. A method and the device for evaporating a reactant allow a simple control of an evaporation process, especially of a urea/water solution, to provide a reducing agent, especially in an SCR process. The heating resistors have a significant temperature that corresponds to a control temperature of the heating resistor. The need for additional control electronics can be removed by adjusting a correspondingly steep curve within a range.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 2, 2009Publication date: September 10, 2009Applicant: Emitec Gesellschaft fur Emissionstechnologie mbHInventors: ROLF BRUCK, PETER HIRTH, THOMAS HARIG, MARC BRUGGER
-
Publication number: 20090221042Abstract: A process for the treatment of biomass to render structural carbohydrates more accessible and/or digestible using concentrated ammonium hydroxide with or without anhydrous ammonia addition, is described. The process preferably uses steam to strip ammonia from the biomass for recycling. The process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good, particularly as measured by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the structural carbohydrates. The monosaccharides are used as animal feeds and energy sources for ethanol production.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 30, 2007Publication date: September 3, 2009Inventors: Bruce E. Dale, Lee R. Lynd, Mark Laser
-
Patent number: 7575612Abstract: Methods and systems for decomposing ammonia in a gasifier are provided. The system includes a gasifier including a pressure vessel and an injection nozzle extending through the pressure vessel and including a nozzle tip at a distal end of the injection nozzle, the injection nozzle further includes a passage configured to direct a fluid stream including ammonia proximate the nozzle tip such that the fluid stream including ammonia facilitates reducing a temperature of at least a portion of the nozzle tip.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 2005Date of Patent: August 18, 2009Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Paul Steven Wallace
-
Patent number: 7537744Abstract: An improved process for ammonia recovery is provided for the recovery of substantially pure ammonia for use in industrial processes. In this improved method, specific raw materials and/or specific materials of construction are used. Overall efficiency and operational cost savings are increased as a result of the process of the present invention.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 2002Date of Patent: May 26, 2009Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventors: Abraham Benderly, Keith Frederick Briegel, Michael Stanley DeCourcy, Ronald Eugene Myers
-
Publication number: 20090123361Abstract: A solid ammonia storage and delivery material comprising an ammonia absorbing/desorbing solid material, said storage and delivery material having been compacted to a density above 50% of the theoretic skeleton density provides a solid ammonia storage material which is easy to produce and handle and has a very high density of stored ammonia which is readily released under controlled conditions even though the porosity of the material is very low, and which storage material is safe for storage and transport of ammonia without special safety measures.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 3, 2006Publication date: May 14, 2009Applicant: Amminex A/SInventors: Tue Johannessen, Claus Hviid Christensen, Jens Kehlet Norskov, Ulrich Quaade, Rasmus Zink Sorensen
-
Publication number: 20090119979Abstract: A method of producing biodiesel through the trans-esterification of a triglyceride, comprising mixing a triglyceride, an alcohol, and a catalyst to form a mixture, where said catalyst is non-metal quaternary ammonium hydroxide or non-metal quaternary phosphonium hydroxide, removing volatile components from said mixture, and allowing the remaining mixture to separate into a biodiesel-rich layer and a glycerol-rich layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 8, 2007Publication date: May 14, 2009Applicant: IMPERIAL PETROLEUM, INC.Inventor: Brian Mullen
-
Patent number: 7517969Abstract: A process for isolating nucleic acid from a nucleic acid-containing sample, which comprises: (a) providing a chaotrope; (b) providing a nucleic acid binding solid phase capable of binding nucleic acid in the presence of the chaotrope; (c) providing a source of NH4+ or NH3; (d) contacting the sample with the nucleic acid binding solid phase in the presence of a liquid phase comprising the chaotrope and the NH4+ or NH3; and (e) optionally separating the solid phase with the nucleic acid bound thereto from the liquid phase.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 2003Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: QIAGEN GmbHInventors: Evy Reitan, Arne Deggerdal, Vidar Skagestad
-
Publication number: 20090035206Abstract: In an industrial scale ammonia synthesis process (10, 110), in which the hydrogen necessary for such synthesis is obtained by subjecting natural gas (5) to partial oxidation (16), with an oxygen-rich gas (6) and in the presence of steam (2), obtaining a gaseous mixture (7) that comprises hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water, said gaseous mixture (7) is firstly subjected to catalytic conversion (18) to convert part of the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, then to decarbonation (20) to remove the carbon dioxide (20a) and finally to purification (22) to reduce the unconverted carbon monoxide concentration.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 20, 2006Publication date: February 5, 2009Applicant: AMMONIA CASALE S.A.Inventor: Ermanno Filippi
-
Patent number: 7431902Abstract: A method for separating ammonia and sulfides from a sour water stream is disclosed. The stripping of a sour water stream where it is stripped to create a sour water stripper overhead gas and then contacted with an alkali hydroxide in order to separate ammonia and make an alkali sulfide.Type: GrantFiled: February 8, 2006Date of Patent: October 7, 2008Assignee: Sundance Resources Inc.Inventor: Robert V. Kerley