Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of alkali metal salts and preferably lithium chloride for treatment of Varroa destructor infestation of honey bees.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for improving seed quality. For example, treating a stand of seed crops with a seed crop treatment that includes an effective amount of cyanate, thiocyanate, an acceptable salt of cyanate or thiocyanate, an ester of cyanate or thiocyanate, an isocyanate or isothiocyanate, or a combination thereof results in one or more improved seed qualities compared to a control. The improved seed qualities may include, but are not limited to, enhanced seed vigor, increased quantity of saleable seed, increased proportion of saleable seed, increased uniformity of seed shape and size, and desirable bag weight.

Abstract: Binary and ternary eutectic mixtures and corresponding electrolytes are disclosed. In some embodiments, binary eutectic mixtures and electrolytes each include a first salt, X1+Y1?, and a second salt, X2+Y2?, wherein each of X1+ and X2+ is an alkali metal cation and X1+ is different from X2+; and each of Y1? and Y2? is a sulfonimide anion and Y1? is different from Y2?. In ternary eutectic mixtures and electrolytes further include a third salt, X3+Y3?, wherein X3+ is different from each of X1+ and X2+. In some embodiments, the eutectic mixtures and electrolytes have melting points in a range of about 5° C. to about 70° C. Electrochemical devices containing such eutectic-mixture electrolytes are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention has an object of providing catalysts that are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential, have excellent durability and show high oxygen reducing ability. An aspect of the invention is directed to a process wherein metal carbonitride mixture particles or metal oxycarbonitride mixture particles are produced from an organometallic compound of a Group IV or V transition metal, a metal salt of a Group IV or V transition metal, or a mixture of these compounds using laser light as a light source.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell electrode catalyst with which high durability and a high maximum output density are obtained even when a fuel cell is continuously operated for long time; a method for producing the fuel cell electrode catalyst; a fuel cell in which the catalyst is used; and the like. A method for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst is provided, the method including: a step of preparing a catalyst precursor comprising each atom of a metal element, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, and comprising copper as the metal element; and a contact step of bringing the catalyst precursor and an acid solution into contact with each other to obtain a catalyst.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to suppress flooding phenomenon in an electrode catalyst for fuel cells containing a metal atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom. A production process of an electrode catalyst for fuel cells is provided which includes a fluorination step of bringing a catalyst body into contact with fluorine, the catalyst body having an atom of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of zinc, titanium, niobium, zirconium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, strontium, yttrium, tin, tungsten, cerium, samarium and lanthanum, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a method and system for monetizing energy. More specifically, the invention is directed to the economically efficient utilization of remote or stranded natural gas resources. The invention includes importing a high energy density material into an energy market and distributing the high energy density material (HEDM) therein. The HEDM is produced from reduction of a material oxide such as boria into the HEDM, which may be boron. The reduction utilizes remote hydrocarbon resources such as stranded natural gas resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid composition including at least one hypothiocyanite (OSCN?) salt combined with a cation, wherein said solid composition is in the form of an amorphous and/or crystalline powder. The invention also relates to a method for producing said solid composition, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing a double metal cyanide (DMC) complex catalyst with an improved catalytic activity useful for epoxide polymerization. It also relates to the DMC catalyst obtainable by said process, as well as to polyether polyols prepared by a polymerization reaction using said DMC catalyst.

Abstract: A semiconductor material of the present invention is a semiconductor material including an oxynitride containing at least one element selected from the Group 4 elements and Group 5 elements. In the oxynitride, part of at least one selected from oxygen and nitrogen is substituted with carbon. Nb is preferable as the Group 5 element.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxygen reducing catalyst including a step of heat-treating, in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, a catalyst precursor including a compound (i) supplying a carbon element and a nitrogen element by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a compound (ii) containing at least one element of iron and cobalt. Also disclosed is an oxygen reducing catalyst, a fuel cell catalyst layer including the oxygen reducing catalyst, an electrode including the fuel cell catalyst layer, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode and a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst with high catalytic activity that is alternative to a noble metal catalyst, through a heat treatment at a relatively low temperature. A process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst includes a step (I) of obtaining a catalyst precursor, including a step (Ia) of mixing at least a metal compound (1), a nitrogen-containing organic compound (2), and a fluorine-containing compound (3), and a step (II) of heat-treating the catalyst precursor at a temperature of 500 to 1300° C. to obtain an electrode catalyst, a portion or the entirety of the metal compound (1) being a compound containing an atom of a metal element M1 selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, titanium, niobium and zirconium, and at least one of the compounds (1), (2) and (3) containing an oxygen atom.

Abstract: In a direct-liquid fuel cell supplied directly with a liquid fuel, a process for producing an electrode catalyst for a direct-liquid fuel cell is provided which is capable of suppressing decrease in cathode potential caused by liquid fuel crossover and providing an inexpensive and high-performance electrode catalyst for a direct-liquid fuel cell. The process for producing an electrode catalyst for a direct-liquid fuel cell includes Step A of mixing at least a transition metal-containing compound with a nitrogen-containing organic compound to obtain a catalyst precursor composition, and Step C of heat-treating the catalyst precursor composition at a temperature of from 500 to 1100° C. to obtain an electrode catalyst, wherein part or entirety of the transition metal-containing compound includes, as a transition metal element, at least one transition metal element M1 selected from Group IV and Group V elements of the periodic table.

Abstract: The methods are utilized to recover ammonium from waste water using CO2 acidified absorption water. The process is particularly suited for utilization of cellular matter and a CO2 rich tail gas from a syngas fermentation process and derives significant benefit from the recovery of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. Ammonia and ammonium are recovered from the treatment of the syngas as an ammonium rich solution, at least a portion of which is recycled to the fermentation zone to aid in the production of liquid products. A carbon dioxide rich gas produced by fermentation is used to capture the ammonia and ammonium, forming the ammonium rich solution.

Abstract: A method of producing an M-C-N-O based phosphor with reduced non-uniform emission and improved color purity is provided. The method of producing an M-C-N-O based phosphor comprising a group IIIB element (M), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) comprises: heating a mixture comprising a group IIIB element-containing compound and a nitrogen-containing organic compound to form a pyrolysate; disintegrating the resulting pyrolysate-containing product; and firing the disintegrated product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst carrier having excellent durability and capable of attaining high catalytic ability without increasing the specific surface area thereof, and a catalyst obtainable by using the catalyst carrier. The catalyst carrier of the present invention comprises a metal oxycarbonitride, preferably the metal contained in the metal oxycarbonitride comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and nickel. Moreover, the catalyst of the present invention comprises the catalyst carrier and a catalyst metal supported on the catalyst carrier.

Abstract: Catalysts of the invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. The catalysts include a niobium oxycarbonitride represented by a compositional formula NbCxNyOz (wherein x, y and z represent a ratio of the numbers of the atoms, 0.05?x<0.7, 0.01?y<0.7, 0.4?z<2.5, 1.0<x+y+z<2.56, and 4.0?4x+3y+2z).

Abstract: The processes are utilized to recover ammonium from waste water using CO2 acidified absorption water. The process is particularly suited for utilization of cellular matter and a CO2 rich tail gas from a syngas fermentation process and derives significant benefit from the recovery of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. Ammonia and ammonium are recovered from the treatment of the syngas as an ammonium rich solution, at least a portion of which is recycled to the fermentation zone to aid in the production of liquid products. A carbon dioxide rich gas produced by fermentation is used to capture the ammonia and ammonium, forming the ammonium rich solution.

Abstract: A method for producing a fuel cell catalyst containing a metal oxycarbonitride, the method including: a step of producing a metal oxycarbonitride by heating a metal carbonitride in an inert gas containing oxygen gas; and a step of bringing the metal oxycarbonitride into contact with an acidic solution.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a layered structure usable in a strain sensor. In one embodiment, the layered structure has a substrate with a first surface and an opposite, second surface defining a body portion therebetween; and a film of carbon nanotubes deposited on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the film of carbon nanotubes is conductive and characterized with an electrical resistance. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are aligned in a preferential direction. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are formed in a yarn such that any mechanical stress increases their electrical response. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are incorporated into a polymeric scaffold that is attached to the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes are functionalized such that its electrical conductivity is increased.

Abstract: A process for urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide, made to react at a predetermined high pressure in an appropriate synthesis reactor (112), from the reaction between NH3 and CO2 being obtained a reaction mixture comprising urea, ammonium carbamate and free ammonia in aqueous solution, from which a recovery of ammonium carbamate and ammonia is carried out with their subsequent recycle to the synthesis reactor (112), said recovery from the reaction mixture taking place through operative steps of decomposition of the ammonium carbamate into NH3 and CO2 and of their stripping and a subsequent operative step of their recondensation into ammonium carbamate that is recycled to the synthesis reactor, the said reaction mixture obtained from the reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide being pumped to the operative steps of decomposition and stripping.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing bis(fluorosulfonyl) compounds of the formula: F—S(O)2—Z—S(O)2—F??I by contacting a nonfluorohalide compound of the formula: X—S(O)2—Z—S(O)2—X with bismuth trifluoride under conditions sufficient to produce the bis(fluorosulfonyl) compound of Formula I, where Z and X are those defined herein.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst having high catalytic activity which uses a transition metal, e.g., titanium, which process comprises thermal treatment at relatively low temperature, i.e., not including thermal treatment at high temperature (calcining) step. The process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst comprises a step (1) of mixing at least a transition metal-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a solvent to provide a catalyst precursor solution; a step (2) of removing the solvent from the catalyst precursor solution; and a step (3) of thermally treating a solid residue obtained in the step (2) at a temperature of 500 to 1100° C. to provide an electrode catalyst; wherein the transition metal-containing compound is partly or wholly a compound comprising at least one transition metal element (M1) selected from the group 4 and 5 elements of the periodic table as a transition metal element.

Abstract: A coated member includes a base material and a coating film formed on the surface thereof. At least one layer in the coating film is a hard film of a cubic metal compound including at least one element selected from the group consisting of the group 4 elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), group 5 elements (V, Nb, Ta, etc.) and group 6 elements (Cr, Mo, W, etc.) of the periodic table, Al, Si, B, Y and Mn together with at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, N and O. In the pole figure for the face (111) of the hard film, the X-ray intensity distribution in the ?-axis shows the maximum intensity in the ?-angle range of 50-65°. In the pole figure for the face (200), the X-ray intensity distribution in the ?-axis shows the maximum intensity in the ?-angle range of 60-80°.

Abstract: Catalysts are provided which can catalyze both the oxygen reduction during the discharge of a secondary air battery and the oxygen production in the recharging of the battery and which are stable at a high potential in the recharging. The invention has been accomplished based on the finding that a catalyst including an oxycarbonitride of a specific transition metal selected from, for example, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum can catalyze both the oxygen reduction during the discharge of a secondary air battery and the oxygen production in the recharging of the battery and is also stable at a high potential in the recharging.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing carbon material characterized in that it satisfies a specific relational expression between the number ratio of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms and the number ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms and has peaks in specific regions in the X-ray diffraction and in the laser Raman spectrum. The nitrogen-containing carbon material of the present invention can be produced by carbonizing azulmic acid in an inert gas atmosphere, and it is useful as an electrode material or the like because it has a high nitrogen content and a low hydrogen content.

Abstract: An advanced method for processing a solid feedstock such as coal and a liquid feedstock such as bitumen wherein gases produced from such fossil fuel feedstocks are divided in a way as to polygenerate various by-products which includes the conversion of a waste gas (flue gas) containing nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the combustion of said gases to produce an intermediate made of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N2) in the form of cyanogen which in turn is converted to a fertilizer such as oxamide. This approach obviates the necessity of CO2 capture and storage in a geologic formation. Besides the making of a fertilizer from a waste gas containing N2 and CO2, the other by-products can be power in the form of electricity and/or steam from a lean gas and liquid transportation fuel like methanol/gasoline, or chemicals from a hydrogen rich gas. The method is applicable to utility as well as to industry.

Abstract: The invention provides catalysts which are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. The catalysts include a niobium-containing oxycarbonitride having I2/(I1+I2) of not less than 0.25 wherein I1 is the maximum X-ray diffraction intensity at diffraction angles 2? of 25.45° to 25.65° and I2 is the maximum X-ray diffraction intensity at diffraction angles 2?=2? of 25.65° to 26.0° according to X-ray powder diffractometry (Cu—K? radiation).

Abstract: The invention has an object of providing catalysts that are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential, have excellent durability and show high oxygen reducing ability. An aspect of the invention is directed to a process wherein metal carbonitride mixture particles or metal oxycarbonitride mixture particles are produced from an organometallic compound of a Group IV or V transition metal, a metal salt of a Group IV or V transition metal, or a mixture of these compounds using laser light as a light source.

Abstract: A composition and process for treating sugar solutions that includes one or more sources of ammonium that obtain a pH in water solution above pH 7.0, such as ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium phosphate dibasic (NH4)2HPO4, and ammonium sulfite (NH4)2SO3. The composition can also include a particulate sulfur reagent, an amorphous silica, a particulate aluminum reagent, a particulate phosphorous reagent, a particulate filter aid selected from diatomaceous earth and perlite, a particulate activated carbon, a particulate bleaching earth, a polymer decolorant, or combinations thereof. The individual materials can be pre-mixed before addition to the sugar solution, added individually to the sugar solution, or added as a combination of one or more singular ingredients and one or more pre-mixed ingredients.

Abstract: Catalysts of the invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. A catalyst includes a metal oxycarbonitride containing niobium and at least one metal M selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and nickel.

Abstract: Catalysts of the present invention are not corroded in acidic electrolytes or at high potential and have excellent durability and high oxygen reducing ability. The catalyst includes a metal oxycarbonitride containing two metals M selected from the group consisting of tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, titanium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, vanadium, cobalt, cerium, aluminum and nickel, and containing zirconium and/or titanium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst carrier having excellent durability and capable of attaining high catalytic ability without increasing the specific surface area thereof, and a catalyst obtainable by using the catalyst carrier. The catalyst carrier of the present invention comprises a metal oxycarbonitride, preferably the metal contained in the metal oxycarbonitride comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and nickel. Moreover, the catalyst of the present invention comprises the catalyst carrier and a catalyst metal supported on the catalyst carrier.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the conversion of aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOOH) to aluminum oxide. About 30 to 70 wt-% of AlOOH, about 30 to 70 wt-% ammonium hydrogencarbonate NH4HCO3 and 0 to 20 wt-% water are combined to produce a mixture. This mixture is then cured at a temperature from about 30° to about 90° C. to convert at least 5% of the AlOOH to a ammonium hydroxycarbonate (dawsonite-type) intermediate and then the dawsonite-type intermediate is decomposed at a temperature from about 130° to 320° C. to produce aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide can be further calcined at 500° to 800° C. to produce a gamma-theta phase alumina.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for converting urea into reactants useful for removing NOX from industrial emissions. The system includes a urea inlet, a steam inlet, and a reactor in fluid communication with the urea inlet and the steam inlet. The reactor is configured and adapted to inject urea from the urea inlet into a steam flow from the steam inlet to convert the urea into at least one reactant for NOX reduction within a substantially gaseous mixture. The invention also provides a method of converting urea into reactants for reducing NOX out of industrial emissions. The method includes injecting urea into a steam flow to convert the urea into at least one reactant for NOX reduction within a substantially gaseous mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous method and apparatus for functionalizing a carbon nanotube, and more specifically, to a continuous method and apparatus for functionalizing a carbon nanotube including preparing a functionalized product by functionalizing a carbon nanotube solution including nitro compound according to the following Chemical Formula 1 and carbon nanotube mixture including an oxidizer for forming nitric acid under subcritical water or supercritical water condition of 50 to 400 atm and a continuous method and apparatus for functionalizing a carbon nanotube under subcritical water or supercritical water condition using nitro compound without using strong acids or strong bases. R—(NOx)y ??[Chemical Formula 1] wherein Chemical Formula 1, R is alkyl group of C1 to C7 or aryl group of C6 to C20 and x and y are integers of 1 to 3 independently.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing ammonium bicarbonate with flue gas and device thereof. The method includes quantitatively collecting flue gas with a carbon dioxide concentration of about 8% to about 15% (volume), decreasing the temperature of the flue gas to about 50° C. or less with an air-cooling apparatus, then increasing the pressure of the flue gas to about 0.4 to about 1.2 MPa, and finally allowing the flue gas to react with liquid ammonia to produce ammonium bicarbonate. The device for preparing ammonium bicarbonate with flue gas includes a flue gas collecting apparatus, an air-cooling apparatus, a gas storing and pressurizing apparatus and an ammonium bicarbonate synthesizing apparatus. The issue of energy consumption brought by conventional cooling approach using cooling water is addressed by using an air-cooling apparatus.

Abstract: A system for production of CO2-rich product gas, the system including a steam shift reactor for production of shifted synthesis gas from high pressure raw synthesis gas; a hydrogen separation unit to separate the shifted synthesis gas into a hydrogen-rich product comprising a greater volume percentage of hydrogen than the shifted synthesis gas and a hydrogen-lean tailgas comprising a reduced volume percentage of hydrogen than the shifted synthesis gas; an oxidizing unit adapted to oxidize the hydrogen-lean tailgas with purified oxygen comprising primarily oxygen, to produce an oxidized product gas comprising water vapor and carbon dioxide; and dehydration apparatus adapted for removal of water vapor from the oxidized product gas to provide CO2-rich product gas comprising at least 95% CO2 by volume; wherein the proportional critical temperature of the CO2-rich product gas is near or greater than the critical temperature of pure CO2.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorosulfonyl isocyanate by reaction of sulfur trioxide with cyanogen chloride, wherein chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or a solution including chlorosulfonyl isocyanate is used as a reaction solvent, sulfur trioxide and cyanogen chloride which are respectively diluted with the chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or the solution including chlorosulfonyl isocyanate are added at the same time to a reaction system in an almost equimolar amount under reflux. By the production method of present invention, chlorosulfonyl isocyanate can be produced from sulfur trioxide and cyanogen chloride in which the yield of the chlorosulfonyl isocyanate is high, the method has excellent operability, number of equipments is reduced, and time for controlling the temperature is saved.

Abstract: In a method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube surface, the nanotube surface is exposed to at least one vapor including at least one functionalization species that non-covalently bonds to the nanotube surface, providing chemically functional groups at the nanotube surface, producing a functionalized nanotube surface. A functionalized nanotube surface can be exposed to at least one vapor stabilization species that reacts with the functionalization layer to form a stabilization layer that stabilizes the functionalization layer against desorption from the nanotube surface while providing chemically functional groups at the nanotube surface, producing a stabilized nanotube surface. The stabilized nanotube surface can be exposed to at least one material layer precursor species that deposits a material layer on the stabilized nanotube surface.

Abstract: Process for preparing double metal cyanide catalysts of the general formula (I) M2a[M1(CN)rXt]b ??(I) where M2 is preferably Co(III) or Fe(III), and M1 is preferably Zn(II), X is a group other than cyanide which forms a coordinate bond to M1 and is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrile, thiocyanate and nitrosyl, a, b, r, t are integers which are selected so that the compound is electrically neutral, by reacting a) a cyanometallic acid of the general formula (II) Hw[M1(CN)r(X)t] where M1 and X are as defined above, r and t are as defined above and w is selected so that the compound is electrically neutral, with b) a readily protolyzable metal compound (IIIa) M2Rw and/or (IIIb) M2RuYv, where M2 is as defined above, the groups R are identical or different and are each the anion of a very weak protic acid having a pKa of ?20, and Y is the anion of an inorganic mineral acid or a moderately strong to strong organic acid having a pKa of from ?10 to +10, w correspon

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a urea-comprising aqueous stream, that is suitable for use in a unit for the reduction of NOx in combustion engine exhaust gases, wherein the urea-comprising aqueous stream is separated directly from or after a recovery section in a urea production process and is thereafter diluted with water until the urea-comprising stream comprises 30-35 wt % urea.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly-pure fine titanium carbide powder having a maximum particle size of 100 nm or less and containing metals except titanium in an amount of 0.05 wt % or less and free carbon in an amount of 0.5 wt % or less. The powder has a NaCl-type crystal structure, and a composition represented by TiCxOyNz, wherein X, Y and Z satisfy the relations: 0.5?X?1.0; 0?Y?0.3; 0?Z?0.2; and 0.5?X+Y+Z?1.0.) The powder is produced by: dissolving an organic substance serving as a carbon source in a solvent to prepare a liquid, wherein the organic substance contains at least one OH or COOH group which is a functional group coordinatable to titanium of titanium alkoxide, and no element except C, H, N and O; mixing titanium alkoxide with the liquid to satisfy the following relation: 0.7???1.

Abstract: The invention includes a composition for stabilizing chlorinated water to sunlight decomposition, and methods of preparing compositions. The composition is a slurry composition of a monoalkali metal cyanurate, of low viscosity. Two methods of preparing the slurry are described, in which cyanuric acid or cyanuric acid wetcake is mixed with a monoalkali metal base. One method dry blends cyanuric acid or cyanuric acid wetcake with a monoalkali metal base. The invention also describes a method of preparing a dry, solid monoalkali metal cyanurate.

Abstract: A metal hydroxide complex has a formula Me(OH)4*A?*nH2O or MeO2*A?*nH2O. Preferred complexes are formed in an alkaline medium, and particularly especially preferred anions include cyanide and cyanide gold complexes. Contemplated complexes are formed on a metal hydroxide (e.g., hydrated zirconium, hafnium, and titanium hydroxide), which may be disposed in a porous container. Consequently, contemplated compounds may be used in methods of reducing the concentration of an anion in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: Novel superhard dielectric compounds useful as gate dielectrics discovered. Low temperature methods for making thin films of the compounds on substrate silicon are provided. The methods comprise the step of contacting a precursor having the formula H3X—O—XH3, wherein X is silicon or carbon with a compound comprising boron or nitrogen in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber or with one or more atomic elements in a molecular beam epitaxial deposition (MBE) chamber. These thin film constructs are useful as components of microelectronic devices, and specifically as gate dielectrics in CMOS devices.

Abstract: A steam stripping device for an inorganic processing solution is provided, which includes a steam stripping unit for heat stripping the inorganic processing solution; a heat exchanging unit coupled to the steam unit for heating the inorganic processing solution; and a desuperheating unit for decreasing the temperature of a steam when overheated before the steam is fed into the heat exchanging unit by cooling liquid. The device can be applied to the inorganic processing solution for removing organic contaminants contained therein. By the provision of the desuperheating unit, the adverse influence on the inorganic processing solution caused by partially superheating can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of producing hypothiocyanite by combining a hypohalous acid and thiocyanate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystalline, hydroxide containing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst of the formulae (I) or (II), M1x[M2(CN)6]yOH.L??(I) M1x[M2(CN)6]y.zM1(OH)q.L (II) wherein M1 represents a metal selected from Zn+2, Fe+2, Ni+2, Mn+2, Co+2, Sn+2, Pb+2, Fe+3, Mo+4, Mo+6, Al+3, V+4, V+5, Sr+2, W+4, W+6, Cu+2 and Cr+3, M+2 represents a metal selected from Fe+2, Fe+3, Co+2, Co+3, Cr+2, Cr+3, Mn+2, Mn+3, Ir+3, Ni+2, Rh+3, Ru+2, V+4 and V+5, L represents an organic ligand and x, y and q are chosen to maintain electroneutrality. Further provided are processes for the production of the inventive DMC catalysts. The crystalline, hydroxide containing DMC catalysts of the present invention may find use in the preparation of polyols, such as polyether polyols.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for conducting a chemical reaction. The reaction is conducted in a reaction vessel or mixing occurring in at least a partial liquid environment in which reactants are disposed. The reaction is conducted in the presence of cavitation and an electrical current.