Abstract: A method for efficiently producing a cyanogen halide with suppressed side effects, and a method for producing a high-purity cyanate ester compound at a high yield includes contacting a halogen molecule with an aqueous solution containing hydrogen cyanide and/or a metal cyanide, so that the hydrogen cyanide and/or the metal cyanide is allowed to react with the halogen molecule in the reaction solution to obtain the cyanogen halide, wherein more than 1 mole of the hydrogen cyanide or the metal cyanide is used based on 1 mole of the halogen molecule, and when an amount of substance of an unreacted hydrogen cyanide or an unreacted metal cyanide is defined as mole (A) and an amount of substance of the generated cyanogen halide is defined as mole (B), the reaction is terminated in a state in which (A):(A)+(B) is between 0.00009:1 and 0.2:1.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery capable of providing a high voltage and a high voltage rechargeable lithium battery including the same, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive active material and a capacitor-reactive carbonaceous material having a specific surface area at or between 10 m2/g and 100 m2/g.

Abstract: Devices and methods for reacting carbon dioxide with ammonia to produce an ammonium bicarbonate containing product are disclosed. Further disclosed are methods and devices pertaining to the handling of ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate products, and waste products associated with that production.

Abstract: Provided are methods of converting carbon dioxide to carbon nitrides. In a first reaction, carbon dioxide may be reacted with metal nitrides, such as Li3N, to form carbon nitrides in a fast and exothermic reaction. Also provided are methods of using product metal cyanamides from the first reaction to subsequently generate additional carbon nitrides.

Abstract: Conductive carbon films having a resistivity of less than about 0.2 Ohm-cm, preferably less than about 0.05 Ohm-cm, are deposited by PECVD. Conductive carbon films are essentially free of sp3-hybridized carbon and contain predominantly sp2 carbon, based on IR spectral features. Carbon content of the films is at least about 75% atomic C. Conductive carbon films may contain hydrogen, but are typically hydrogen-poor, containing less than about 20% H. In some embodiments, conductive carbon films further contain nitrogen (N). For example, conductive films having a CxHyNz composition, where nitrogen is present at between about 5-10% atomic, have both high conductivity and low roughness, because introduction of nitrogen delays formation of crystallites in the film. The films are deposited at a process temperature of at least about 620° C., and at a pressure of less than about 20 Torr in a dual-frequency plasma process dominated by low frequency (LF) plasma.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a secondary lithium battery and a secondary lithium battery including the same. The negative active material for a secondary lithium battery includes an amorphous silicon-based compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. SiAxHy??Chemical Formula 1 In Chemical Formula 1, A is at least one element selected from C, N, or a combination thereof, 0<x, 0<y, and 0.1?x+y?1.5.

Abstract: A structure of intimately contacting carbon-hexacyanometallate is provided for forming a metal-ion battery electrode. Several methods are provided for forming the carbon-hexacyanometallate intimate contact. These methods include (1) adding conducting carbon during the synthesis of hexacyanometallate and forming the carbon-hexacyanometallate powder prior to forming the paste for electrode printing; (2) coating with conducting carbon after hexacyanometallate powder formation and prior to forming the paste for electrode printing; and (3) coating a layer of conducting carbon over the hexacyanometallate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing macromolecular species with a modified surface, comprising a step (e) in which macromolecular species (M), initially carrying —OH and/or —SH functions, are brought into contact with: a catalyst (C) carrying at least one conjugated guanidine function; and reactive species (E), comprising reactive groups including: (i) at least one group including an a,b-unsaturated carbonyl group C?C—C?O and/or an a,b-unsaturated thiocarbonyl group C?C—C?S; and/or (ii) at least one heterocyclic group comprising from 3 to 5 ring members, said group being selected from cyclic ethers, cyclic thioethers and aziridine rings; and/or (iii) at least one group selected from isocyanate —N?C?O or thioisocyanate —N?C?S groups, and trivalent groups of formula >C?CZ—, where Z is an electron-withdrawing group. The invention also relates to the macromolecular species with a modified surface that are obtained in this context.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an active material having a sufficient discharge capacity at a high discharge current density, an active material obtained thereby, an electrode using the same, and a lithium-ion secondary battery equipped therewith are provided. The method of manufacturing an active material comprises a step of polymerizing a mixture containing an Fe ion, an Li ion, a PO4 ion, a hydroxy acid, and a polyol, the mixture containing the polyol by a molar ratio 1.3 to 16 times that of the hydroxy acid, so as to yield a polymer; and a step of heating the polymer, so as to yield an active material containing an active material particle and carbon. The active material particle is mainly composed of LiFePO4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tricyanoborates of the general formula Catn+[B(CN)3(XR1)]—n, wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C6-10 aryl or benzyl; X is oxygen or sulfur; and Catn+ is a cation with n being 1 or 2, which is selected from the group consisting of an inorganic cation and an organic cation; and also their preparation and use.

Abstract: Vapochromic coordination polymers useful for analyte detection are provided. The vapochromism may be observed by visible color changes, changes in luminescence, and/or spectroscopic changes in the infrared (IR) signature. One or more of the above chromatic changes may be relied upon to identify a specific analyte, such as a volatile organic compound or a gas. The chromatic changes may be reversible to allow for successive analysis of different analytes. The polymer has the general formula MW[M?X(Z)Y]N wherein M and M? are the same or different metals capable of forming a coordinate complex with the Z moiety; Z is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, thiolates, alkoxides and amides; W is between 1-6; X and Y are between 1-9; and N is between 1-5. One embodiment provides [Metal(CN)2]-based coordination polymers with vapochromic properties, such as Cu[Au(CN)2]2 and Zn[Au(CN)2]2 polymers.

Abstract: Copolymers of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide and homopolymers of propylene oxide are made using two dimensional double metal cyanide complexes having the formula Co[M(CN)4] or hydrated or partially dehydrated form thereof. There is no propylene carbonate by product in the copolymerization.

Abstract: A method for producing metal complex nanoparticles, the method having: providing an aqueous solution containing a metal cyano complex anion having a metal atom MA as a central metal, with an aqueous solution containing zinc cation, the pH of the aqueous solution containing zinc cation being adjusted; and mixing the solutions and thereby producing metal complex nanoparticles composed of the metal atom MA and zinc under controlling the properties of the obtained metal complex nanoparticles.

Abstract: Process for preparing multimetal cyanide compounds, which comprises the steps a) reaction of the aqueous solution of a metal salt of the general formula (I) M1gXn ??(I) With the aqueous solution of a cyanometalate compound of the general formula (II) M3r[M2(CN)b]d, ??(II), If appropriate in the presence of organic ligands, organic additives and/or surface-active agents, to form a multimetal cyanide compound of the general formula (III) M1a[M2(CN)b]d.fM1jXk.h(H2O).eL.zP ??(III) b) reaction of the multimetal cyanide compound of the general formula (III) with a salt of the general formula (IV) M4sYt ??(IV) which is different from general formula (II) where M1, M2, M3, M4, X, L, P, Y, g, n, r, b, d, a, f, j, k, h, e, z, s, and t are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A coating includes a zirconium yttrium carbon-nitride layer including a first surface and an opposite second surface, the atomic carbon content and the atomic nitrogen content in the zirconium yttrium carbon-nitride layer gradually increasing from the first surface to the second surface.

Abstract: A coating includes a nano-composite layer including a plurality of films. The films are stacked together one after another. Each film includes a zirconium-copper carbonitride layer and a zirconium carbonitride layer.

Abstract: A coating includes a deposited layer. The deposited layer is a nickel-titanium carbonitride layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material, comprising a first step of subjecting azulmic acid to a first heat treatment in an oxygen-containing gas atmosphere, thereby preparing a heat-treated product, and a second step of subjecting the heat-treated product to a second heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing carbon material characterized in that it satisfies a specific relational expression between the number ratio of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms and the number ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms and has peaks in specific regions in the X-ray diffraction and in the laser Raman spectrum. The nitrogen-containing carbon material of the present invention can be produced by carbonizing azulmic acid in an inert gas atmosphere, and it is useful as an electrode material or the like because it has a high nitrogen content and a low hydrogen content.

Abstract: A lithium hydride activation method includes: a nitrification treatment process of reacting lithium hydride with a nitride and therefore forming a chemical compound layer stable to the nitride, on a surface of the lithium hydride; and a particle size reduction process of reducing a particle size of the lithium hydride provided with the chemical compound layer by a mechanical pulverization treatment after the nitrification treatment process is performed. A hydrogen generation method includes generating hydrogen by reacting ammonia with the lithium hydride activated by the activation method.

Abstract: A method for preparing porous fabrics is disclosed. The method includes transporting PAN-based oxidized fabrics to a thermal treatment chamber, which provides multi-pipe to introduce oxygenated gas and oxygenated fluid respectively, by using a plurality set of rollers to carry out an activation-carbonization process. The activation-carbonization process is preformed within a temperature range of 1010° C. to 1500° C., and produced the porous activated carbon fabrics that provide uniform nano-pore with BET surface area about 800˜1500 m2/g.

Abstract: A method of making nanosized copper (I) compounds, in particular, copper (I) halides, pseudohalides, and cyanocuprate complexes, in reverse micelles or microemulsions is disclosed herein. The method of the invention comprises (a) dissolving a copper (II) compound in the polar phase of a first reverse micelle or microemulsion, (b) dissolving a copper (II) to copper (I) reducing agent or a pseudohalide salt in the polar phase of a second sample of the same reverse micelle or microemulsion, (c) mixing the two reverse micelle/microemulsions samples to form nanometer sized copper (I) compounds and (d) recovering said nanometer sized copper (I) compounds. The present invention is also directed to the resultant nanosized copper (I) compounds, such as copper (I) chloride, copper (I) cyanide, and potassium cyanocuprate complexes having an average particle size of about 0.1 to 600 nanometers.

Abstract: To provide a method of producing Prussian blue-type metal complex nanoparticles without necessarily requiring complicated steps and an excessive amount of raw materials, but allowing one to obtain nanometer-size fine particles having desired fine particle properties, and Prussian blue-type metal complex nanoparticles obtained by the method, a dispersion of the nanoparticles, a method of regulating the color of the nanoparticles, and an electrode and a transmitted light-regulator each using the nanoparticles; Prussian blue-type metal complex nanoparticles are produced by: mixing an aqueous solution containing a metal cyano complex anion having predetermined metal atom MA as a central metal and an aqueous solution containing a cation of predetermined metal atom MB, thereby precipitating the crystal of a Prussian blue-type metal complex having the metal atom MA and the metal atom MB; and then mixing the Prussian blue-type metal complex with an aqueous solution containing a metal cyano complex anion having the me

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nitride C3N4 wherein alkali metal thiocyanate is simply pyrolysed to give carbon nitride C3N4 in an efficient, economical and ecologically friendly manner. The employed starting materials are cheap and formed side products are essentially non-toxic and can be easily removed and/or washed away.

Abstract: Disclosed are several different processes that can be utilized to prepare endohedral metallofullerenes with specific characteristics. Processes can be utilized to prepare monoadducts including cycloaddition of functional groups to the [6,6] double bond of a pyrene-type site of the fullerene. Also disclosed are simple, economical methods for separating fullerene isomers based upon the different oxidation potentials of the isomers.

Abstract: After an alloy powder including W, Cr, at least one of Ti, Zr, and Hf, and at least one of V, Nb, and Ta is produced, the alloy powder, a powdery carbon material, and a catalyst are heat-treated in the presence of a nitrogen gas. The alloy powder is carbonitrided into a multicomponent ceramics powder, and sintered into a sintered body. Alternatively, a powder of a first substance including at least two of Ti, Al, V, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mo, Ta, Cr, and W is molded into a molded body. Then, the surface of the molded body is surrounded by a second substance including a metal element which is not contained in the powder of the first substance, and the molded body is heat-treated in an atmosphere in which N is present. A porous sintered body thus produced is crushed into a multicomponent ceramics powder.

Abstract: The high-nitrogen compound 3,6-di(azido)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DiAT) was synthesized by a relatively simple method and used as a precursor for the preparation of carbon nanospheres and nanopolygons, and nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a hard coating film, a material coated with the hard coating film, and a die for cold plastic working, the coating film excelling conventional surface coating layers in wear resistance as well as slidability with a low frictional coefficient. The hard coating film is characterized by a chemical composition of (VxM1-x) (BaCbN1-a-b), where 0.4?x?0.95??(1A) 0?a?0.2??(2A) 0?1-a-b?0.35??(3A) 0.6?b?1??(4A) M denotes at least one species of elements belonging to Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a and Si and Al; and x, 1-x, a, b, and 1-a-b represent respectively the atomic ratio of V, M, B, C, and N.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst comprising a) preparation of a DMC catalyst; b) dispersing the catalyst of step a) in a dispersion agent, yielding a catalyst dispersion; c) allowing sedimentation of part of the catalyst from the catalyst dispersion obtained in step b), yielding a sedimentated catalyst and a dispersed catalyst; d) separating the dispersed catalyst from the sedimentated catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a family of endohedral metalloheterofullerenes representative generally as AX@C79N where A and X metal atoms. A and X may be lanthanide metals or rare earth metals. In some embodiments, A and X may be Yttrium, Scandium, Terbium, Lanthanum, Gadolinium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, or Ytterbium. A and X may be the same type of metal atom or they may be different. The endohedral metalloheterofullerenes are neutral compounds that can be readily isolated using standard chromatographic techniques. The endohedral metalloheterofullerenes exhibit parmagnetic properties.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a material for reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen comprising graphite or a graphitic structure, for example, comprising an ordered graphite structure of carbon and nitrogen atoms wherein the interlayer and/or interstitial volume is occupied with at least one intercalated anionic species. While any suitable anionic species can be employed, examples of suitable species are at least one of: F? (fluoride), (C?C)2? (diacetylide), and (N?C?N)2?. Desirable anionic species typically have a relatively high charge to volume ratio. The disclosure also relates to a material for reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen comprising ordered graphitic structures comprising at least one member selected from the group of graphite, single walled carbon nanotubes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphite nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, and boron nitride.

Abstract: A metal hydroxide complex has a formula Me(OH)4*A?*nH2O or MeO2*A?*nH2O. Preferred complexes are formed in an alkaline medium, and particularly especially preferred anions include cyanide and cyanide gold complexes. Contemplated complexes are formed on a metal hydroxide (e.g., hydrated zirconium, hafnium, and titanium hydroxide), which may be disposed in a porous container. Consequently, contemplated compounds may be used in methods of reducing the concentration of an anion in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: Alloyed nanophenes, comprising carbon, nitrogen, and a Group III element other than boron, are provided. The alloyed nanophenes are useful, for example, as miniature electronic components, such as wires, coils, schottky barriers, diodes, inductors, memory elements, and other circuit devices and elements.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of hydrotalcites by using at least one compound of a bivalent metal (Component A) and at least one compound of a trivalent metal (Component B), wherein at least one of these components is not used in the form of a solution, characterized in that a) at least one of the Components A and/or B which is not used in the form of a solution, shortly before or during mixing of the components, and/or b) the mixture containing the Components A and B is subjected to intensive grinding until an average particle size (D50) in the range of approx. 0.1 to 5 ?m is obtained, and optionally, after aging treatment or hydrothermal treatment, the resulting hydrotalcite product is separated, dried, and optionally calcinated.

Abstract: The high-nitrogen compound of the formula was prepared. Pyrolysis of the compound yields carbon nitrides C2N3 and C3N5. The carbon nitrides vary in their density, texture, and morphology.

Abstract: This invention pertains to complex mixtures of the formula M is a metal having a valence of from 2–6, L1 is an anionic ligand and L2 is a siloxide or silyl amide ligand suited for producing stable thin-film metal silicates, v is equal to the valence of the metal, and 0<x<v. The bonding is such that an M—O—Si or an M—N—Si linkage exists, respectively, and the stability for the complex is provided by the organic ligand. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the metal siloxide complexes. Thus, the complexes can be represented by the formulas (R)mM—(O—SiR1R2R3)n and (R)mM—[N—(SiR1R2R3)y(R4)2- y]n wherein M is a metal having a valence of 2–6, m and n are positive integers and m plus n is equal to the valence of the metal M. The R type groups, i.e., R, R1, R2, R3, and R4 represent an organo ligand.

Abstract: An improved method for synthesizing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst combines and sonicates aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of a first metal salt, such as Zn(OAc)2, of a second metal salt, such as CoCl2, and of an alkali metal cyanide, such as NaCN, to synthesize the DMC catalyst, Zn3[Co(CN)6]2. An improved method of producing a polyether polyol uses the DMC catalyst to produce the polyol.

Abstract: An improved method for synthesizing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst includes combining a non-aqueous solution of a first metal salt, such as ZnBr2, with a non-aqueous solution of a second metal salt, such as CoBr2, and with a non-aqueous solution of an alkali metal cyanide, such as NaCN, in a single step to synthesize the DMC catalyst, Zn3[Co(CN)6]2.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing a non-oxide ceramic formed of a metal constituent and a non-metal constituent. A salt of the metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent are introduced into a liquid alkali metal or a liquid alkaline earth metal or mixtures to react the constituents substantially submerged in the liquid metal to form ceramic particles. The liquid metal is present in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to convert the constituents into ceramic particles to absorb the heat of reaction to maintain the temperature of the ceramic particles below the sintering temperature. Ceramic particles made by the method are part of the invention.

Abstract: Catalyst suspensions for the ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides comprise a) at least one multimetal cyanide compound having a crystalline structure and a content of platelet-shaped particles of at least 30% by weight, based on the multimetal cyanide compound, and b) at least one organic complexing agent c) water and/or d) at least one polyether and/or e) at least one surface-active substance, with the proviso that at least component a) and at least two of the components b) to e) have to be present.

Abstract: An electroconductive plate-like titania containing at least 10% by weight of titanium nitride and at least 0.1% by weight of carbon component can provide electroconductive parts which are higher and more uniform in electroconductivity.

Abstract: In multimetal cyanide complexes, more than 30% by weight of the primary particles have a platelet-like habit, i.e. the length and width of the primary particles is at least three times the thickness of the particles.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for making dilithium initiators in high purity. This process can be conducted in the absence of amines which is desirable since amines can act as modifiers for anionic polymerizations. The dilithium compounds made are highly desirable because they are soluble in aromatic solvents. The present invention more specifically discloses a process for synthesizing a dilithium initiator which comprises reacting disopropenylbenzene with a tertiary alkyl lithium compound in an aromatic solvent at a temperature which is within the range of about 0° C. to about 100° C. The present invention further discloses a process for synthesizing m-di-(1-methyl-3,3-dimethylbutyllithio)benzene which comprises reacting diisopropenylbenzene with tertiary-butyllithium in an aromatic solvent at a temperature which is within the range of about 0° C. to about 100° C.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal alkylene diamides of Ba, Sr, Ca and a method for their production.

Abstract: An improved method for synthesizing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst is disclosed. The method combines an aqueous solution of a first metal salt, such as ZnCl2, with an aqueous solution of a second metal salt, such as CoCl2, and with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal cyanide, such as KCN, in a single step to synthesize the DMC catalyst, Zn3[Co(CN)6]2.

Abstract: The invention provides crystalline nanoscale particles and tubes made from a variety of stoichiometries of BxCyNz where x, y, and z indicate a relative amount of each element compared to the others and where no more than one of x, y, or z are zero for a single stoichiometry. The nanotubes and nanoparticles are useful as miniature electronic components, such as wires, coils, schotky barriers, diodes, etc. The nanotubes and nanoparticles are also useful as coating that will protect an item from detection by electromagnetic monitoring techniques like radar. The nanotubes and nanoparticles are additionally useful for their mechanical properties, being comparable in strength and stiffness to the best graphite fibers or carbon nanotubes. The inventive nanoparticles are useful in lubricants and composites.

Abstract: A carbon-coated titania powder containing titanium nitride in which at least part of the surface of the titania powder containing titanium nitride is coated with carbon.

Abstract: Horse hoof protection is obtained by incorporating a urethane resin reaction product of low viscosity sides A and B which react rapidly to gel in a few seconds while filling the interstices of the horse's hoof and have when reacted a low hardness of 40 to 80 Shore A to cushion the hoof.

Abstract: A single furnace loading cycle method for sintering at least one product comprises placing at least one product into a ventable/sealable box, and placing the box within the furnace. The box is vented inside the furnace at a first temperature range and the product is sealed inside the box in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is higher than the first temperature range. The box includes a closeable top cover and a control means that comprises a first set of collapsible spacers which hold open the cover at temperatures below the first temperature range and collapse to lower the cover into sealing engagement with the box at temperatures above the first temperature range. The box further comprises a substrate to be sintered with a lower and an upper setter on opposite sides of the substrate.

Abstract: A nitride material comprises C.sub.2 N. A method of forming a covalent carbon material includes forming an atomic nitrogen source, forming an elemental reagent source and combining the atomic nitrogen, elemental reagent to form the covalent carbon material and annealing the covalent carbon material. The elemental reagent is reactive with the atomic nitrogen of the atomic nitrogen source to form the covalent carbon material. Annealing the covalent carbon material produces the C.sub.2 N. In one embodiment, essentially all carbon nitride chemical bonds are single or double bonds.