Abstract: Synthetic lepidocrocite (gamma ferric oxide monohydrate) having very fine-grained, needle-like crystalline particles, with at least about 70% of the particles having a length to width ratio of greater than 10:1, and a length of up to about 2 microns is made by first oxidizing a vigorously agitated alkaline-treated ferrous chloride solution until the pH is about 2.9-4.1 to form a synthetic lepidocrocite collodial seed slurry. The oxidation of the colloidal seed slurry is continued (optionally in the presence of metallic iron) at a temperature about 80.degree.-140.degree. F. and pH about 2.9-4.1 in the presence of excess ferrous chloride, until from about 1.2 to 5 parts by weight of total product is formed per part by weight of seed. A synthetic magnetic gamma ferric oxide may be made from the synthetic lepidocrocite by optionally coating the lepidocrocite particles with an organic surfactant, reducing, oxidizing and mechanically densifying the gamma ferric oxide particles.

Abstract: Aromatic amines and iron oxide pigment are produced by reacting a ferrous salt, a reduceable aromatic nitrogen compound chosen from nitroderivatives with a single nitro-group or with two nitro-groups and azoderivatives, and a basic compound, chosen from hydroxides and carbonates of ammonium, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, operating at 25.degree.-200.degree. C. in an aqueous medium. The color of the pigment can be varied from yellow to black by increasing the reaction temperature and the molar ratio between ferrous salt and aromatic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of magnetic oxides and possibly of at least one other metal. It relates also to new products consisting in mono- and polymetal magnetic oxides.According to the invention a glycerin complex of iron and possibly at least one other metal is first prepared and the complex is decomposed into a mono- or polymetal magnetic oxide by hydrolysis or pyrolysis, the possibly decomposed glycerin complex being subjected to a thermal treatment, such as annealing or pyrolysis in an atmosphere of an inert gas, such as nitrogen.The invention relates to magnetic oxides containing 0.2 to 3% by weight of carbon, said oxides preferably containing cobalt and possibly a rare earth element such as yttrium or europium.

Abstract: In the production of acicular ferromagnetic iron oxide of highly uniform particle size by oxidizing an iron (II) hydroxide suspension at a pH of at least 11 with an oxygen-containing gas to form acicular iron (III) oxide hydroxide, reducing and optionally further reoxidizing this into ferromagnetic iron oxide, the improvement which comprises providing the iron (II) hydroxide suspension with a water-soluble silicate in an amount of less than 1.7% by atom based on the amount of the iron (II) hydroxide in the suspension and calculated as the ratio of Si to Fe (II) while prior to the oxidation of the suspension with the oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: In ferromagnetic powders mainly composed of iron oxide, the ferromagnetic iron oxide(s) comprise a superparamagnetic material which provides a peak showing superparamagnetism by measurement of the Mossbauer Effect spectrum. The ferromagnetic iron oxides are suitable for making highly sensitive magnetic recording media having excellent frequency response with lowered modulation noise.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing .alpha.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the form of acicular particles substantially free from occluded boils or cavities, and containing from 0.2 to 2% by weight of SiO.sub.2, and having a mean axial ratio between 6 and 8, and an intrinsic coercive force of 320 - 370 Oe. An aqueous solution of FeSO.sub.4. 7H.sub.2 O is treated with alkali, in the presence of air, thus forming acicular .alpha.-FeOOH, which is then dehydrated, reduced at Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 under fluidizing conditions, and oxidized to .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 at 200.degree.-350.degree. C under fluidizing conditions. The formation of the acicular .alpha.-FeOOH is carried out at a yield of 0.5-2.5 kg of ferric Fe per hour per m.sup.3 of reactor; the reaction product is filtered and washed and the .alpha.-FeOOH particles are coated with 0.2-2% by weight of SiO.sub.2, from an aqueous suspension of .alpha.-FeOOH brought to a temperature ranging from 50.degree. to 90.degree. C, adding Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.

Abstract: A magnetic recording tape of improved properties comprising a non-magnetic support and a two-layered magnetic coating composed of a ferromagnetic powder and a binder and formed on one surface of the support, wherein the lower magnetic layer has a coercive force of about 250 to about 300 Oe, a residual magnetic flux density of at least about 1,500 Gauss and a dry thickness of at least about 2.5 .mu.m, and the upper magnetic layer has a coercive force of about 350 to about 400 Oe, a residual magnetic flux density of not more than about 1,500 Gauss and a dry thickness of about 2.0 to 3.0 .mu.m, the ferromagnetic powder in the upper magnetic layer having an APP value of not more than 1.0.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acicular gamma-iron(III) oxide, in which the non-magnetic, acicular iron(III) oxide is treated with a solution of a compound of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are ##STR2## or O--R.sup.5, R.sup.3 is H, OH, ##STR3## or O--R.sup.5, R.sup.4 is alkyl or cycloalkyl of 1 to 16 carbon atoms and the R.sup.4 's may be identical or different, and R.sup.5 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and is then converted to gamma-iron(III) oxide by reduction to magnetite, followed by oxidation.The gamma-iron(III) oxide obtained is distinguished by a high coercive force and improved magnetic orientation when used as a magnetic pigment for the manufacture of magnetic recording media.

Abstract: Acicular gamma-iron(III) oxide is manufactured by reacting an iron(II) salt solution with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and oxidizing the resulting suspension of iron(II) hydroxide in three stages. In a first stage, at most from 0.1 to 4% by weight of the amount of iron(II) hydroxide originally present is oxidized in the course of from 0.1 to 4 hours, in a second stage from 10 to 25% by weight of the said original amount are oxidized in the course of from 1.5 to 6 hours and in a third stage the remaining amount is oxidized. After the oxidation, the goethite formed is reduced to magnetite and the latter is then oxidized to acicular gamma-iron(III) oxide.

Abstract: Acicular .gamma.-iron(III) oxide is manufactured by reacting an iron(II) salt solution with aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides and oxidizing the resulting suspension of iron(II) hyroxides in 3 stages. In the first stage not more than 8 percent by weight of the iron(II) hydroxide originally present is oxidized over a period of 0.5 to 4 hours, in the second stage from 25 to 55 percent by weight over a period of 1.5 to 6 hours and the remainder thereof in a third stage. Following this oxidation, the goethite formed is reduced to magnetite, which is then oxidized to acicular .gamma.-iron(III) oxide.

Abstract: Goethite is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of an iron (II) salt with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and oxidizing the resulting iron(II) hydroxide. The oxidation is carried out in three stages. In the first stage, from 4 to 15% by weight are oxidized in the course of from 0.4 to 5 hours, in the second stage from 60 to 85% by weight are oxidized in the course of from 1.5 to 6 hours and in a third stage the remaining amount of iron is oxidized.

Abstract: A method of making goethite powder in which a ferrous hydroxide suspension is stirred for about 3 hours in an inert atmosphere and then is oxidized to form goethite powder.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of essentially pure ferromagnetic .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 by bringing a solution of a water soluble iron salt to a pH between about 8.0 and 11.0 to obtain a suspension of iron hydroxide, passing air through the iron hydroxide suspension at a temperature of from about 25.degree. to about 80.degree. C., and separating said pure .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acicular .gamma.-iron(III) oxide of improved crystallinity and high coercive force by heating goethite or acicular alpha-iron(III) oxide particles at temperatures of from 500.degree. to 800.degree. C, reduction of the resulting product at temperatures of from 280.degree. to 600.degree. C and subsequent oxidation of the magnetite to .gamma.-iron(III) oxide of improved crystallinity and high coercive force.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing magnetic particle powder of acicular ferric oxide used for a magnetic recording material comprising (A) reducing acicular goethite particle powder to obtain acicular magnetite particle powder, (B) heating said acicular magnetite particle powder and thereby making the partial pressure of oxygen in said acicular magnetite particle powder reach the equilibrium value and (C) oxidizing said acicular magnetite particle powder to obtain gamma-hematite (maghemite) particle powder, and magnetic particle powder produced thereby.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acicular magnetic gamma-iron(III) oxide by reducing acicular alpha-iron(III) oxide to magnetite and then oxidizing it to gamma-iron(III) oxide, wherein the alpha-iron(III) oxide is treated with a water-soluble alkaline earth metal compound and an alkylphenol with one to three alkyl radicals, each of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, on the benzene nucleus. Gamma-iron(III) oxides manufactured in this way show better magnetic orientability in the binder-containing dispersion, and a higher coercive force than prior art magnetic pigments.

Abstract: A highly sorbent iron oxide is prepared by reducing hematite to magnetite followed by a low temperature oxidation prior to contact with sulfur dioxide. The oxidized solids obtained in this manner are a more effective form of iron oxide sorbent for the oxides of sulfur.

Abstract: Elongated, polycrystalline particles of alpha iron oxide, characterized by an open, porous structure and consisting of hematite microcrystallites containing from 2 to 4 percent of sulfate are prepared by the reaction of lithium hydroxide and ferric sulfate in weakly acidic to neutral aqueous solution under at least autogenous pressures at temperatures in the range of 150.degree.-350.degree. C. The particles are readily converted to gamma iron oxide of good magnetic properites and also have utility as pigments and catalysts.

Abstract: Process for producing ferromagnetic iron oxides whereby a solution of a ferrous salt is oxidized in the presence of .alpha.-FeO(OH) seed, a basic precipitant, and phosphoric acid or a water soluble salt thereof to form .alpha.-FeO(OH), which can be dehydrated, optionally tempered, reduced and re-oxidized to needle-shaped .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. The resulting product has high coercive force values which make it especially useful for magnetic impulse recording and reproduction.

Abstract: The processes for producing iron oxide products from a solution of ferrous salts selected from the group consisting of waste liquid containing ferrous salts and aqueous solution in which ferrous salts obtained from the waste liquid are dissolved, under the acid, wet and high ferrous concentration conditions. More particularly, the processes for purifying said waste liquids comprising the bivalent iron removing steps.

Abstract: Synthetic yellow iron oxide (.alpha.-FeOOH) is dispersed in an aqueous 0 - 10N alkali solution and the resultant dispersion is subjected to a hydrothermal treatment at 100.degree.- 250.degree.C. This treatment improves the synthetic yellow iron oxide in that it converts imperfect crystals present in said iron oxide into perfect crystals, changes particles thereof from the shape of needles to that of rods, makes the particle size substantially uniform and heightens the resistivity thereof to heat by about 50.degree.C. The modified synthetic yellow iron oxide thus obtained is innoxious and can be used as a pigment in paints.

Abstract: In the production of acicular, ferromagnetic iron oxide of high coercive force by oxidizing an iron (II)-hydroxide suspension with an oxygen-containing gas to form acicular iron (III) oxide hydroxide and dehydrating the iron (III) oxide hydroxide, optionally tempering, reducing and/or reoxidizing this into magnetic iron oxide, the improvement which comprises effecting the oxidation of the iron (II)-hydroxide suspension at a pH of at least about 13, the suspension including SiO.sub.2 in the form of a sol or soluble salt, the resulting iron (III) oxide hydroxide having SiO.sub.2 deposited thereon.

Abstract: An acicular, magnetic iron oxide pigment containing about 0.1 to 2 percent by weight of zinc and phosphate ions is produced by growing seeds and subsequently reducing and optionally reoxidizing acicular FeOOH. Said seeds were formed by precipitation from an iron (II) salt solution in the presence of about 0.1 to 4 percent by weight of zinc ions and about 0.1 to 2 percent by weight of phosphate ions based on the formed seeds.