Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: A method of regulating the activity of human cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2A6 to control nicotine metabolism or decrease the production of carcinogens from procarcinogens, such as those present in tobacco smoke, in an individual by selectively inhibiting CYP2A6. Various prophylactic (i.e., prevention and treatment) compositions and methods are also described, including an improved oral nicotine composition and method comprising the use of nicotine together with an inhibitor of the CYP2A6 enzyme. Furthermore, it has been discovered that the presence in an individual of a mutant allele of human cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2A6 (referred to throughout this specification as “CYP2A6” for brevity) is predictive of an individual who: (1) has a decreased risk of becoming a smoker, (ii) will smoke less if he/she becomes dependent, and/or (iii) may be at relatively lower risk for cancer due to both decreased smoke exposure and decreased CYP2A6 -mediated activation of tobacco smoke and other procarcinogenic substrates.

Abstract: The present invention refers to the use of an extract of soluble proteins from plant leaf cells for the preparation of subunit vaccines comprising said extract as adjuvant, to the vaccines and to the kit comprising said extract as adjuvant and to the processes for the preparation thereof. the present invention further refers to a plant obtainable by the step of expressing in soluble from a protein antigen in leaf cells at a concentration greater than or equal to 3 &mgr;g of protein per gram of leaf.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing a protein in a plant comprising i) transforming the plant with a nucleotide sequence which expresses a porcine parvovirus VP2 subunit protein, or a fragment or a derivative thereof, and ii) growing the transformed plant. The present invention also teaches harvesting and feeding the transgenic plant, or an extract obtained from the transgenic plant to animals. Further, the protein produced by the method of the present invention may be partially or fully purified from the plant, and optionally reformulated into an alternate dosage form and administered to an animal. The protein may be used to confer resistance to porcine parvoviuus in an animal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition having high bioavailability for oral administration of 4-[4-(3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl-amino)benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and/or 4-[4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylamino)benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-2-yl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to a process for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A method for extracting proteins from the intercellular space of plants is provided. The method is applicable to the large scale isolation of many active proteins of interest synthesized by plant cells. The method may be used commercially to recover recombinantly produced proteins from plant hosts thereby making the large scale use of plants as sources for recombinant protein production feasible.

Abstract: Compositions useful in relieving withdrawal symptoms and acute and later craving in nicotine dependent/habituated persons are provided that includes an herbal component. That herbal component provides one or more naturally occurring nicotine agonists, and zero to trace amounts of nicotine (unless explicitly formulated with some designated amount of nicotine plus the herbal component). The compositions are explicitly designed to disperse and have th active principle(s) absorbed in the oral cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to an herbal composition comprising extract of plant Moringa Oleifera, a member of family Moringaceae, plant Piper Nigrum, a member of family Piperaceae and plant Nicotiana Tabacum, a member of family Solanaceae for treating or alleviating of vascular headaches, neurological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. The invention also reveals a method of preparing and using the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inducing an immune response to an antigen in a subject. The method comprises administering to the subject DNA encoding the antigen, and subsequently orally administering to the subject a composition comprising transgenic material, wherein the transgenic material comprises a DNA molecule encoding the antigen such that the antigen is expressed in the transgenic material.

Abstract: A plant expressing a cytokine and an autoantigen is disclosed. An example of a cytokine is a contra-inflammatory cytokine, for example IL-4 and IL-10, and an example of autoantigen is GAD. A novel method for the production of transgenic proteins of interest suitable for oral administration is also disclosed. Further, non-food crop plants expressing one or more proteins of interest are disclosed, as is a method involving the preparation of a protein of interest suitable for oral administration within a non-food crop plant comprising, transforming the non-food crop plant with a suitable vector containing a gene of interest and appropriate regulatory regions to ensure expression of the gene of interest within the non-food crop plant, such that the non-food crop plant is characterized as being non-toxic, non-addictive, palatable, and requiring minimal or no processing prior to oral administration. An example of a non-food crop plant is low alkaloid tobacco.

Abstract: A kit to alleviate tobacco-smoking withdrawal symptoms in a patient is disclosed which comprises: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of nicotine, at least one active nicotine metabolite, a combination of nicotine and an active nicotine metabolite, or an azapirone, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; (b) a transdermal delivery system consisting essentially of a bupropion base in a therapeutically effective amount; and (c) a packaging material surrounding (a) and (b).

Abstract: A method of producing a composition having a precise amount of nicotine appropriate for a single use by a single individual involves diluting a large quantity of nicotine into one or more successive intermediate solutions, a last of which constitutes a final solution. The final solution is then apportioned, so that each portion contains a precise quantity of nicotine appropriate for consumption in a single use by a single person. The portions may be introduced into beverages and consumed as a cigarette substitute by individuals attempting to quit smoking. This method of nicotine dilution enables accurate and inexpensive production of nicotine compositions having single-serving amounts of nicotine without requiring expensive, precision equipment for measurements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nicotine-containing pharmaceutical composition and methods of using the composition in therapies, such as nicotine replacement therapy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substitute for smoking which includes, in a first embodiment, a conventional chewing gum base comprising about 40 percent, by weight, of the substitute and an amount of synthetic dextrorotary isomer of nicotine, which is only half as toxic as tobacco-derived laboratory nicotine, in a range of about 0.02 to 8.0 percent by weight relative to the chewing gum base, each piece or dosage containing an amount of the isomer of nicotine in a range of about 0.5 to 40 milligrams. A kit has a plurality of dosages covering the percent weight range of 0.02 to 8.0 and amount range of 0.5 to 40 milligrams, enabling a person to consume progressively smaller amounts of the isomer to gradually overcome an addiction to smoking. Additional embodiments include base materials other than chewing gum.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for inducing smoking cessation comprising as active ingredient alkaloids from Radix ipecauanhae. In smoking cessation program using the composition, the considerable number of volunteers participated in the program became nausea and thus ultimately to have no craving for smoking.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for enhancing the effects of therapeutic compositions are provided. The compositions comprise singly or in combination herbals, natural nutritional supplements, minerals and vitamins. Methods of making these compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention features methods for induction of angiogenesis by administration of nicotine or other nicotine receptor agonist. Induction of angiogenesis by the methods of the invention can be used in therapeutic angiogenesis in, for example, treatment of ischemic syndromes such as coronary or peripheral arterial disease.

Abstract: The Natural Insecticide includes an aqueous solution of tobacco extracts and a soap mixture which is able to eliminate a wide variety of insects. The Natural Insecticide is completely biodegradable and non-toxic to invertebrates at the usage concentration required. Natural Insecticide is able to prevent the introduction of high levels of insecticide into the environment by remaining effective over a period of time, thereby avoiding the need for numerous applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, anti-depression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: Compositions useful in relieving craving in nicotine habituated patients are provided that include an herbal component. The herbal component provides multiple nicotine agonists, one of which is anabasine. The compositions are preferably in the form of chewing gum, tablets, capsules, or lozenge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of tobacco alkaloids, tobacco extract, Yerbamaté extract, and an extract of chewing gum and lozenges which are modulators of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity (i.e., compounds and substances which inhibit MAO enzyme and prevent its biological activity). The MAO inhibitors of the present invention can cause an increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain and other tissues, and thus can cause a wide variety of pharmacological effects mediated by their effects on these compounds. The MAO inhibitors of the present invention are useful for a variety of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of depression, disorders of attention and focus, mood and emotional disorders, Parkinson's disease, extrapyramidal disorders, hypertension, substance abuse, smoking substitution, antidepression therapy, eating disorders, withdrawal syndromes, and the cessation of smoking.

Abstract: The anti-viral vaccine of the present invention is produced in transgenic plants and then administered through standard vaccine introduction method or through the consumption of the edible portion of those plants. A DNA sequence encoding for the expression of a surface antigen of a viral pathogen is isolated and ligated to a promoter which can regulate the production of the surface antigen in a transgenic plant. This gene is then transferred to plant cells using a procedure that results in its integration into the plant genome, such as through the use of an Agrobacterium tumenfaciens plasmid vector system. Preferably, the foreign gene is expressed in an portion of the plant that is edible by humans or animals. In a preferred procedure, the vaccine is administered through the consumption of the edible plant as food, preferably in the form of a fruit or vegetable juice which can be taken orally.