Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing nitric acid from an aqueous liquid containing various components such as vegetable extract, and nitrate ion is removed selectively without spoiling the taste or other components, by subjecting the aqueous liquid to chromatographic treatment with an amphoteric ion exchanger to separate nitrate ion from other components contained in the aqueous liquid. A nitric acid-reduced drink is produced by preparing a raw drink material comprising an extract or juice of plant tissue; removing nitric acid from the raw drink material with use of the method of removing nitric acid from an aqueous liquid as described above; and preparing a drink using the raw drink material after the removing of nitric acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a reproducible system for the production of stable, genetically transformed maize cells, and to methods of selecting cells that have been transformed. One method of selection disclosed employs an EPSP synthase gene introduced by microprojectile bombardment into embryogenic maize cells which were grown in suspension cultures, followed by exposure to the herbicide glyphosate. The methods of achieving stable transformation disclosed herein include tissue culture methods and media, methods for the bombardment of recipient cells with the desired transforming DNA, and methods of growing fertile plants from the transformed cells. This invention also relates to the transformed cells and seeds and to the fertile plants grown from the transformed cells and to their pollen. This invention also relates to methods of producing human or animal food from the transformed maize plants.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the field of liquid feed, and relates to fermented feed products, methods for their preparation, as well as uses thereof. Furthermore, the invention further relates to animal liquid feed and methods of preparing liquid feed using lactic acid bacteria. In particular, a method of preparing a fermented mixed feed is provided, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a liquid fermented product; (b) providing a feed product to be fermented; (c) combining the products from step (a) and (b), and fermenting the feed product of step (b) using the liquid fermented product of step (a) as inoculum.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for improving milk production in a ruminant. An amount of ruminally digestible starch in relation to the dry matter of a feed is manipulated to include a first selected ratio of ruminally digestible starch in relation to the dry matter of the feed which is fed to the ruminant during a first time interval after parturition. After the first time interval, the amount of ruminally digestible starch component in the dry matter of the feed is adjusted to a second ratio, lower than the first ratio, and fed to the ruminant.

Abstract: A method of preparing hay for feeding to a horse includes placing the hay within the upper compartment of a vessel containing a mesh grid that divides the interior of the vessel into upper and lower compartments, and introducing steam into the lower compartment by means of an atomiser containing a plurality of fins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for moistening and handling at least one bale. The apparatus includes an open-topped tank for containing a liquid for moistening the at least one bale, a base and a mast assembly extending upwardly from the base. The mast assembly is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The apparatus further includes a boom carried by the mast assembly. The boom is moveable between a lowered position and a raised position relative to the base. There is also provided a bale gripping device that depends from the boom. The bale gripping device includes a bale guide for maintaining the at least one bale engaged in a submerged position within the tank to facilitate moistening of the at least one bale. A method of moistening and handling at least one bale is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides method and compositions for the modulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin production in plants. The methods of the invention allow creation of plants having novel phenotypes. Increased expression of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in plants may be used to increase the nutritional value of food plants for both human and animal consumption. Increased proanthocyanidin content also reduces the potential for bloat in animals fed certain forage plants low in condensed tannin content. The invention may also be used to modify plant pigmentation, and for nutraceutical and food colorant production.

Abstract: An illustrative method of making a total mixed ration (TMR) equine biscuit including a fibrous material and one or more nutritional supplements may include suspending the one or more nutritional supplements with the fibrous material and impregnating the one or more nutritional supplements into the fibrous material. The biscuit may have a starch content of less than 6 percent by weight. The biscuit may have a sugar content of less than 15 percent by weight.

Abstract: Methods for using or incorporating glycerin in animal feeds are disclosed. Animal feeds including the glycerin are also disclosed, as well as methods of feeding such animal feeds to animals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of treating an edible fiber source to make an animal feed with increased digestible energy. An exemplary method includes hydrolyzing the edible fiber source with an inorganic fiber hydrolyzing agent in a twin screw mixer that shears the edible fiber to a size of between 0.5 to 25 mm. The hydrolysis in the mixer occurs at pressure of about 14 psig or higher with a temperature about 100° C. to 110° C. The inorganic hydrolysis liberates a first portion of soluble carbohydrates from the edible fiber source. The inorganically hydrolyzed material is also treated (before or after) with a fiber degrading enzyme to solubilize a second portion of carbohydrates. The dually hydrolyzed material is dried to form an animal feed or feed ingredient having a soluble and insoluble carbohydrate fraction with the amount of soluble carbohydrate being at least 45% wt/wt of the total carbohydrates obtained from the edible fiber source.

Abstract: A health food processing process, in which inflated germinated rice is ground into rice powder and mixed with a high-concentration probiotic fluid, and then the mixture is fermented and dried in a refrigerated air dryer, forming a dried fermented health food containing natural eatable fibers, GABA, IP6 and probiotic.

Abstract: A method of supplying a ruminant with its nutritional requirements for methionine is provided wherein a hydroxy analogue of methionine that is available for absorption by a ruminant is administered to the ruminant. Preferably, the, ruminant is administered an isopropyl ester of a hydroxy analogue of methionine, wherein at least 40% of the isopropyl ester of the hydroxy analogue of methionine is available for absorption by the cow.

Abstract: Packaging container, packaged food and packaged feed, with the packaging container being produced by: preparing a hole-sealing sheet by providing, on a back surface of a base material whose bending strength (S) represented by the following formula (A) is no less than 0.20 m3/N, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer whose vertical peeling strength at 40° C., with respect to a surface of the gas-impermeable container, is in the range of 0.3-2 N/cm; and sealing a vent hole in the gas-impermeable container by the hole-sealing sheet. Packaged food and feed are obtained by enclosing food and feed in the packaging container. S=L/W(m3/N)  (A) wherein L: Critical length measured by a Clark degree testing machine (m) W: Weight per 1 m2 of the sheet base material (N/m2).

Abstract: A feed supplement for livestock includes, in a feed supplement combination, a quantity of waste product material selected from the group comprising dissolved air floatation product (DAF) and paunch manure and a quantity of an inert dry medium which will not chemically react with the waste product material such as soy hulls, hay, alfalfa, corn and other such dry mediums. The waste product material comprises between one percent (1%) and ninety-nine percent (99%) of the feed supplement combination. The feed supplement combination is then processed through an extrusion process involving the cooking, grinding and mixing of the feed supplement combination under pressure and elevated temperature, wherein the temperature of the feed supplement combination is raised above 250 degrees Fahrenheit to sterilize and dehydrate the feed supplement combination.

Abstract: A poultry eggshell strengthening composition for enhancing eggshell thickness and external eggshell membrane thickness, containing a viable microorganism of the genus Bacillus as an active ingredient, optionally together with a carrier or diluent.

Abstract: A method of preparing particulate calcium phosphate animal feed minerals and useful carbon dioxide by coreacting calcareous proteinacious by-products recovered from poultry hatcheries with phosphoric acid. Aqueous hatchery by-product containing protein and calcium in a weight ratio between 0.25 and 1.25 is comminuted until the contained dry matter particles exhibit diameters less than 1 millimeter and are reactive with phosphoric acid. The calcium in the comminuted hatchery by-product is coreacted with phosphoric acid using between one and two mols of P per mol of Ca until carbon dioxide formation ceases and the reacted aqueous hatchery by-product exhibits a pH between 2 and 4. The calcium phosphate granules are dried by commercial means until the protein hardens and forms a matrix bonding the calcium phosphate into attrition resistant granules of animal feed mineral.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming a compressed and cut bale of fibrous material, whereby the bale of fibrous material has at least one cut that allows the material to be separated into two distinct and separate layers. The present invention also relates to the compressed and cut fibrous material.

Abstract: The present invention discloses: (i) a non-pathogenic probiotic microorganism and its probiotic/therapeutic uses; (ii) a formulation comprising an aqueous solution of a volatile fraction (VF) prepared from the extract of at least one plant derived material and its therapeutic uses; (iii) a process of manufacturing the formulation from the plant derived material; (iv) a probiotic composition comprising the non-pathogenic probiotic microorganism of the invention and/or other probiotic microorganism(s) and the formulation of the invention, and its probiotic/therapeutic uses; (v) a composition for industrial applications comprising the formulation of the invention and microorganism(s) of industrial applicability; and (vi) industrial processes and apparatuses in which the latter composition is used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of using germinated brown rice, a germinated brown rice processed food, a brown rice germination apparatus and a germinated brown rice filling apparatus. Germinated brown rice is boiled and steamed. The germinated brown rice boiled or steamed is boiled together with polished rice. The germinated brown rice is preserved while being frozen or sealed in a container or a bag. The germination apparatus conducts germination by dipping the germinated brown rice in tourmaline ore water. The filling apparatus moves a container supported by guide rails and allows the container to pass below a hopper into which the germinated brown rice is inputted, thereby automatically filling the germinated brown rice in a storage recessed portion of this container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the healthy supplementary foods and the technology for making them by enabling the efficient collection of young leaves of rice plant rich in nutrition and processing without losing nutrition characteristic of young leaves of rice plant. Collection of young leaves of rice plant consists in cutting young leaves 2 of the upper side only while leaving the below part of the rice plant when rice plant has grown so old as to be in ears or just before this, allowing for cutting the remaining young leaves after they have grown again after passing a certain period of time. This step will be repeated several times. The young leaves 2 cut out will be pre-processed appropriately like cleaning before they are far infrared dried to contain a given volume of water, thus refraining, for instance, the destruction of the useful compounds- in the young leaves 2 of rice plant.

Abstract: The method improves efficiency of harvesting, storage, transport, and feeding of dry plant material to animals, and is a more efficient method for harvesting, handling and transporting dry plant material for industrial purposes, such as for production of bioenergy, and composite panels.

Abstract: A differential cling film is provided. The differential cling film includes a core layer having a first surface and a second surface. The core layer includes a polyethylene polymer. A high cling layer is provided covering the first surface of the core layer. The high cling layer includes an ultra low density polyethylene and a non-liquid tackifier. A low cling layer is provided covering the second surface of the core layer. The low cling layer includes polyolefin and non-liquid tackifier. A wrapped bale, a method for producing a differential cling film, and a method for wrapping forage is additionally provided.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing leaf proteins with Rumex Acetosa L. and obtained product thereby. After Rumex L. was washed, squeezed, the juice was heated to 70-90° C., the proteins were precipated, the supernatants were removed, Rumex L. leaf protein products were obtained. The byproducts (supernatants) can be used to soak straws to enhance nutritive ingredients and palatability. Grass residue can be used as grass powders, grass pellets or grass bricks. The obtained leaf proteins enriched in proteins and various amino acids, vitamins and iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium and organic germanium, it can be used as protein feed, also it can be used to improve people's dietary structure.

Abstract: The invention provides texturized, baled hay or other animal fodder, preferably fortified with a flavoring or other additive. The hay is characterized by a substantial amount of long stems, substantial leaf retention, and substantial manipulation of stem structure, i.e., disruption of the lignin. Baled hay according to the invention is consistently uniform in texture, flavor, and appearance, bale after bale, for a given type or grade of hay. A machine and a method for making same are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of reducing cholesterol in animals and food products derived from such animals. The method includes feeding to the animals a low phytate food source so that the phytate phosphorus intake of the animal is reduced.

Abstract: Biodegradable and edible composites for use as feed packaging containers are provided. Broadly, the composites are formed from a mixture comprising fiber mixed with a non-petroleum based, biodegradable adhesive formed by modifying a starch, protein, or protein-rich flour. The mixture has a moisture content of less than about 20% by weight, based upon the total weight of the mixture taken as 100% by weight. The mixture is then molded at pressures of from about 150-600 psi and temperatures of from about 150-500° F. to yield a final composite having a compressive strength of at least about 5 MPa. Preferred fibers include those derived from straw, corn stalks, sorghum stalks, soybean hulls, and peanut hulls. Preferred modifiers include NaOH, urea sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and guanidine hydrochloride.

Abstract: A method of obtaining beef of reduced pathogenic E. coli content comprises the step of directly feeding seaweed supplement to cattle during the feedlot finishing period or grazing cattle on forage on or into which seaweed supplement has been incorporated. Beef and beef products of improved safety are the result.

Abstract: Process for the production of a feed based on green fodder, which has undergone a silaging process, wherein, prior to the silaging process, at least one oil-containing or fat-containing substance is added to the green fodder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a feed additive which increases the availability of butyric acid and a pre-biotic to the intestinal mucosa and to beneficial microflora in the gut, respectively. The feed composition contains tributyrin and lactitol, a non-digestible oligosaccharide.

Abstract: A process for formulating a ruminant food ration in which the methionine needs of the ruminant are determined, a plurality of natural or synthetic feed ingredients and the nutrient composition of each of said ingredients are identified wherein one of said ingredients is 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid or a salt, amide or ester thereof, and a ration is formulated from the identified feed ingredients to meet the determined methionine needs of the ruminant which comprises one or more grains, a hydroxy analog of methionine, and optionally a bypass fat wherein (i) the hydroxy analog of methionine is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid and the salts, amides and esters thereof, (ii) the hydroxy analog of methionine is added separately from any bypass fat which is included in the ration, and (iii) the ration is formulated on the basis that at least 20% of the hydroxy analog of methionine is assumed to be available for absorption by the ruminant.

Abstract: The invention includes a composition, method and apparatus for use in treating a bale of hay. The composition is essentially free of ammonia, urea and lye, and contains about 10% to about 50% by volume sweetener, about 0.5% to about 8% by volume liquid fat, about 0.5% to about 10% by volume gelatin, at least about 0.2% by volume phosphoric acid, at least about 0.3% by volume elemental calcium, at least about 500 IU Vitamin A per gallon of composition, at least about 100 IU Vitamin D per gallon of composition, and water. The method includes injecting this composition into a bale of hay. A concentrate is also provided that may be mixed with water to form the liquid composition, which concentrate is essentially free of ammonia, urea and lye, and contains about 30% to about 85% by volume sweetener, about 1.5% to about 40% by volume liquid fat, about 1.5% to about 40% by volume gelatin, at least about 1% by volume phosphoric acid, at least about 1.

Abstract: Ruminant intoxication by nitrates is decreased by administering to the animal a composition containing an effective dose of the nitrite reducing microorganism Propionibacterium acidipropionici.

Abstract: A process and screw in barrel apparatus (10) for expanding cellulosic materials is described. The expanded cellulosic material is useful as an animal feed and a nutrient source for fermentation processes.

Abstract: A quick-fermented feed is prepared by incorporating plant concentrate materials into alkali-treated wastes of agricultural products to lower the pH to a level below 10, inoculating the mixture with lactic acid bacteria capable of growing under alkaline conditions or high salt conditions, and fermenting the resulting mixture.

Abstract: The oil content of bran can be stabilized by the addition of a stabilizing agent to grain prior to, during or after milling of the grain, particularly rice. The treatment improves the yield of edible oil attainable when the oil is extracted from the milled bran.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing the skins or hulls from seeds, including those of legumes, grains, drupes, silques, and achenes involves wetting the seeds with an alkaline solution and then with a peroxygen solution. The two substances react underneath the skin to liberate gas between the seed meat and the skin. The gas bubbles blister the skin, causing it to become loosened. Slight mechanical action is used to dislodge the blistered skins from the seed meats.

Abstract: A water-insoluble plant powder obtained by preparing a dry powder of green plant juice squeezed from a fresh raw edible green plant (e.g., barley) and removing water-soluble components from the dry powder, and a green coloring material obtained by further extracting it with a polar organic solvent. They are useful in food products.

Abstract: An animal feed additive and a feedstuff containing 0.2-2.5 weight % of the additive. The additive contains dicompounds of formic acid salt. The additive may also contain a desiccant. The additive contains 20-99 weight % potassium diformate, 0-50 weight % sodium di/tetra-formate, 0-25 weight % calcium formate, 0-4 weight % desiccant and 0-5 weight % water.

Abstract: A water-insoluble plant powder obtained by preparing a dry powder of green plant juice squeezed from a fresh raw edible green plant (e.g., barley) and removing water-soluble components from the dry powder, and a green coloring material obtained by further extracting it with a polar organic solvent. They are useful in food products.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods for the pretreatment of a lignocellulose-containing biomass. Pretreatment comprises the addition of calcium hydroxide and water to the biomass to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to relatively high temperatures for a period of time sufficient to render the biomass amenable to digestion. The pretreated biomass is digested to produce useful products such as feedstocks, fuels, and compounds including fatty acids, sugars, ketones and alcohols. Alternatively, the pretreatment process includes the addition of an oxidizing agent, selected from the group consisting of oxygen and oxygen-containing gasses, to the mixture under pressure. The invention is also directed to a method for the recovery of calcium from the pretreated biomass.

Abstract: A baby food composition is disclosed which contains one or more fructan-containing vegetables. The composition selectively stimulates colonic bifidobacteria in the infant. The fructan-containing vegetables can include, among others, Jerusalem Artichoke, Salsify, Burdock and mixtures thereof. The baby food compositions can be a mixed vegetable preparation that includes at lease one fructan-containing vegetables along with other vegetables or baby food preparations. Also disclosed are methods for using and methods for preparing the baby foods.

Abstract: A method for growing and preserving nutrients in plant material, particularly wheatgrass, which produces a nutritional supplement for humans and non-human animals having optimally high enzyme, mineral, and trace mineral contents, as well as a minimum protein content of forty percent. The method includes growing the plants in the field, as well as in greenhouses, hydroponically and airponically, or in a lightweight growth medium such as a mixture of sawdust and vermiculite, so that nutrients available to the plants during growth can be controlled. Plants are also watered frequently during growth with commercially available fertilizers or other specially prepared electrolyte nutrient solutions. Both the upper plant tissue and the plant roots can be harvested, and juiced or pressed to separate the plants tissue liquid from the fibrous portion of the plant by use of extractors that will not allow the temperature of the plant juice to exceed 90.degree. Fahrenheit.

Abstract: A device for and method of injecting a bale of ruminant material with a fluid is taught. The device includes a plurality of injection spikes for insertion into the bale. The spikes are attached to a support for supporting the spikes while they are inserted into the bale. The spikes are attached to the support by a resilient member. The device prevents the deformation of the spikes and thereby increases the useable life of the device over devices in which the spikes are rigidly mounted on a driving structure. The device further has injection drive which allows precise control over the amount of fluid being injected into the bale.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of ensiling fodder made by combining fresh or wilted silage material with solid carbon dioxide while utilizing the essential conditions for homofermentative lactic acid fermentation, which are known in themselves and the basic parameters of which can be monitored. The solid carbon dioxide is added in an amount of 0.5 to 20 kg per ton, preferably 1 to 3 kg per ton, according to a principle of distribution that gives priority to the zones of the silo most endangered by oxygen in the air, in particular the marginal zones. The fermentation process must take place with an amount of silage material large enough to be little affected by the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A composition of natural and herbal products which may be compounded in dry form into a mixture which is readily soluble in a fluid for ingestion by humans. When digested, the mixture provides users with an energy boost and associated feelings of well being when the mixture is taken as part of a regular regimen to supplement normal nutritional intakes and to supplement any therapeutic processes to which the users may be subject.

Abstract: A method of making a mixed feed livestock cargo unit suitable for long distance shipping mixes dry fodder with fermented silage in a ratio proportioned to produce a mixed feed product having a net moisture content in the range of approximately 20% up to about 35%. The mixed feed product is compressed in a compression apparatus and then sealed for shipment. The dry fodder in one embodiment has a moisture content of approximately 8% up to about 15% and the fermented silage has a moisture content of approximately 40% up to about 70%. In another embodiment of the invention, the dry fodder a moisture content of approximately 12% and the fermented silage has a moisture content of approximately 60%.

Abstract: Lignocellulose-containing materials are treated with lime (calcium hydroxide) and water at a relatively high temperature and for a certain period of time under certain conditions. The process variables were: lime loading which ranged from about 2 to about g Ca(OH).sub.2 /100 g dry material; water loading which ranged from about 6 to about 19 g water/g dry material; treatment temperature which varied from about 50.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C.; and treatment time which varied from about 1 to about 36 hours. The effects of treatment time and temperature were interdependent.A process for lime recovery is developed. The soluble Ca(OH).sub.2 was washed out of the pretreated material with water and converted to insoluble CaCO.sub.3, by reacting with CO.sub.2, and was thus separated. The CaCO.sub.3 can be heated to produce CaO and CO.sub.2. The CaO is hydrated to Ca(OH).sub.2 which can be reused as the lignocellulose treatment agent. Carbon dioxide is reused for lime recovery.

Abstract: A feedstock and a method of utility are provided for increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the tissues and milk of ruminants. A preferred feedstock is composed of a fodder substrate which is blended with an unsaturated aliphatic amide ingredient such as soyamide. The unsaturated aliphatic amide is biohydrogenation-resistant, and bypasses the rumen substantially intact. The aliphatic amide is converted to free fatty acid in the digestive tract, and subsequently is absorbed in the tissues and milk of the ruminant.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process to correct and optimize the feed-composition on basis of testing the levels of so called FIL-lectines in the blood. This correction is exerted by adding certain sugars and amino acids to the feed. Hereby the FIL-level may be adjusted in order to optimize the growth.

Abstract: A process and feed composition for supplying fatty acids to ruminant animals which comprises feeding saturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides to the animals. These highly saturated triglycerides may be added in an amount preferably between 2-5% of the total dry matter of the ratio. The highly saturated fatty acids according to the present invention have an iodine value of less than 25.