Abstract: The invention concerns a feed raw material which contains zero fibre obtained as a by-product of the wood conversion industry and mainly compound of cellulose and possibly containing lignin and which is intended to be admixed to animal feed. The feed raw material contains zero fibre about 80-99% by weight, advantageously about 90% by weight, calculated as dry matter, and bonding agent binding zero fibre about 1-20% by weight, advantageously about 10% by weight. The feed raw material mix obtained in the feed raw material-preparing procedure is granulated and possibly dried. The granular feed raw material can be admixed to produce a feed according to the invention, at a concentration about 1-50% by weight, suitably about 5-40% by weight, advantageously about 10-25% by weight.

Abstract: Koalas are natives of Australia and are one of the few mammals whose diet consists almost exclusively of the leaves of native eucalypt trees. The present invention provides a substitute feedstuff for feeding koalas and a method of feeding koalas using the said substitute feedstuff, and a method of preparing the feedstuff.

Abstract: By giving mammals, fowls, fish, etc. feeds containing Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (FERM BP-1096), an excellent body weight gain and feed efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: A process and feed composition for supplying fatty acids to ruminant animals which comprises feeding saturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides to the animals. These highly saturated triglycerides may be added in an amount preferably between 2.5% of the total dry matter of the ratio. The highly saturated fatty acids according to the present invention have an iodine value of less than 25.

Abstract: A feed intake limitor includes the use of calcium hydroxide to limit intake of a feed supplement. The calcium hydroxide is incorporated into the feed supplement in an amount that effectively limits intake of the feed supplement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preserving hay comprising treating hay with an effective amount of Bacillus pumilus or mutants thereof. The invention also relates to the Bacillus pumilus used to preserve hay quality by the above method.

Abstract: Methylsulfonylmethane is effective in maintaining good health and in improving poor health of animals, including human beings and is an assimilable source of dietetic sulfur.

Abstract: An improved process for delignifying and bleaching nonwoody, lignocellulosic material into products digestible by ruminants and ingestible by humans. The process comprises treating the substrate in an alkaline solution for a period of time and adding magnesium ions prior to adding peroxide or, alternatively, adding the magnesium to the peroxide prior to adding the peroxide to the alkaline slurry.

Abstract: An improved process of purifying the product from an alkaline peroxide treatment process for delignifying and bleaching nonwoody lignocellulosic agricultural residues comprising, optionally washing with water, then lowering and maintaining the pH of the substrate at less than about pH 3.0, then washing sufficiently to remove residual chemicals, separating the product from the wash liquid and, optionally, drying the product.

Abstract: The use of bacteriophages for controlling unwanted fermentation of food-stuffs, especially silage and cheese, by bacteria is disclosed.

Abstract: An extruded feed intake limiting composition for use in free choice horse feeding also prevents colic, and founder and other digestive disorders. The horse ration, which has a low-to-medium energy content, is carefully balanced nutritionally as to nutrient density, soluble carbohydrate and fiber content. The ration can be fed to a horse on an ad libitum basis as the sole source of nutrition for the horse excluding water.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an enclosed tank for containing fat. The bottom wall is cone shaped and at the lower end of the cone is an outlet opening. A valve is placed in the opening to permit fluid to be added to or drained from the tank. A heater element is placed in the bottom of the tank and can be either an electrical heated element or a helical tube containing steam or hot water. A circulation system permits the removal of fat from the bottom of the tank and the recirculating of the fat to the upper portion of the tank. A valve within the recirculation system permits the fat to be pumped to a spray nozzle where it can be sprayed onto a feed mixture for animals.

Abstract: A method of producing lean meat having a low dietary fat and cholesterol content. An intact male ruminant is selected at an age before development of the rumen and fed a low-fat, high fiber ration. The intact male is then slaughtered at an age before development into an adult animal.

Abstract: Silage effluent is retained within the silo by adding a water-absorbent, water-swellable particles of synthetic polymer with the grass, maize etc. Preferably the polymer is an acrylic acid polymer or a dimethylaminoethyl acrylate polymer. The polymer may be used in conjunction with other additives e.g. lactic-acid producing bacterial inoculants, acid compounds or sterilizing compositions.

Abstract: The growth of microorganisms in stored crops, and especially in animal feedstuffs, is inhibited by the application of a preservative composition which comprises ammonia, urease enzyme urea and/or urea polymers in a fluid medium. Urea polymers which are useful include biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid, urea cyanurate and other compounds which decompose to form ammonia. The effect of treatment with the preservative composition is to provide an immediate microorganism-inhibiting ammonia level, which, due to delayed decomposition of the urea and urea polymers, is sustained to some significant degree during prolonged storage of the treated material.

Abstract: Ruminants with a fully developed rumen function are fed by a method in which the total feed is divided into two parts comprising(a) a liquid feed containing high-energy components, which feed is supplied while stimulating the ruminant to close its oesophageal groove, and(b) a solid feed containing low-energy components, which feed is supplied in such a way that the ruminant does not close its oesophageal groove,both types of feed being independently available through separate dispensing systems. One or more of the components of the liquid feed may be partially or completely hydrolyzed.A liquid feed dispensing device (an embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 1) comprises a container, metering means and outlet means for liquid feed; the outlet means (such as a teat) are located in an enclosure for ruminants at a level substantially above the level of the shoulders of the ruminants housed in the enclosure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preserving hay comprising treating hay with an effective amount of Bacillus pumilus or mutants thereof. The invention also relates to the Bacillus pumilus used to preserve hay quality by the above method.

Abstract: Vegetable matter such as lucerne is dried; the latter is heated and then pressed. The liquid is treated in an evaporator employing, as heating fluid, low-pressure steam supplied by an ejector-compressor fed with high-pressure steam supplied, for example, by a nuclear power plant. Low-pressure steam taken from the outlet of the compressor-ejector is also employed to heat the lucerne at. The effluent leaving the evaporator is introduced with the remainder of the high-pressure steam into a drying unit in which air from the environment is preheated. The hot air is employed for drying the moist pressed matter.

Abstract: A composition suitable as an additive to ensile grass in the production of silage comprises a blend of sugar beet pulp, cereal and a source of sugar, preferably molasses, and is in the form of dry, free-flowing particles.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions suitable for the treatment of alfalfa are provided herein. The aqueous compositions contain a hydrocarbon, a lower alkyl ester of a fatty acid and/or alkali metal carbonate. A process for applying said aqueous compositions to the alfalfa at the time of cutting to reduce drying time is also provided.

Abstract: A method of reducing heat stress in animals, especially poultry, wherein a small amount of zeolite is added to the animal feed and the feed is regularly fed to the animals during periods of heat stress causing temperatures.

Abstract: A hay preservative composition, which is of at least two components, with the first component being an inorganic salt mixture of magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, and a water soluble copper ion source. The second component is an organic acid, or a water soluble salt of an organic acid, selected from the group consisting of acidic acid, propionic acid and sorbic acid.

Abstract: Metam sodium (sodium methyl dithiocarbamate) for preserving high-moisture forage crops like hay and grain at application rates below about 4 lbs/T.

Abstract: A structured food or animal feed product comprises a gel formed by the interaction of water soluble components of Chinese grass with amylose or high amylose starch having an amylose content not below 25% by weight. In making the product the amylose or high amylose starch is mixed and allowed to interact in an aqueous medium with water soluble components of Chinese grass, with the optional inclusion of other nutritious material, whereby a gellable mixture is produced, which is formed into solid pieces.

Abstract: A novel subspecies of Kibdelosporangium aridum, subsp. largum (SK&F-AAD-609) produces AAD-216 antibiotics and AAD-609 antibiotics, the ADD-609 antibiotics differing from the AAD-216 antibiotics in presence of glucosamine in the glycolipid radical in place of amino glucuronic acid.

Abstract: Legumes and other plants can be dried quickly by contacting them with an aqueous solution of a mixture of carbonates consisting essentially of at least about 20% by weight of sodium sesquicarbonate, at least about 20% by weight of sodium carbonate and at least about 5% by weight of potassium carbonate, all based upon the total dry carbonate weight. The solution desirably is free of undissolved materials.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for chemically treating particulate solids material in free flowing condition with fluid reactants in a drum reactor having an acidifying chamber in which acid is introduced into the solids material and an ammoniation chamber in which ammonia is introduced into the solids material.

Abstract: By treating agricultural crop residues and other nonwoody lignocellulosic plant substrates with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 at a controlled pH within the range of about 11.2 to 11.8, the substrates are partially delignified and unprecedented levels of the cellulose and hemicellulose as insoluble fractions are made available for subsequent use. The products of this treatment are nontoxic and are characterized by low crystallinity and near quantitative cellulase digestibility. They are useful as carbohydrate sources in ruminant feeds and as microbial feedstocks for commercial process such as the production of alcohol and generation of single-cell protein.

Abstract: A novel method of formulating dairy cow rations based on regulation of the content of non-structural carbohydrates and neutral detergent fiber in the total daily ration, including both forage and grain portions, is disclosed. Feedstuffs analyzed to determine the percentages of non-structural carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber contained thereby were fed in various proportions to test groups of cows under controlled conditions, and to commercial herds under actual field conditions to determine the effects, if any, on milk production by varying the proportion of the total daily ration constituted by non-structural carbohydrates. Also, the proportion of non-structural carbohydrates to neutral detergent fiber in the ration was calculated and compared with milk production levels. It was established that milk production was optimized when the total daily ration, including at least one grain and one forage, consists of between about 30% and 45% non-structural carbohydrates, depending upon forage type.

Abstract: A coarse ruminant feedstuff having a stabilized granular consistency and a process for producing same in which, as a stabilizing component, the fodder or feed granules contain a binder so that the stability and consistency of granules without decomposing in rumen conditions is at least 1 hour, preferably 1-4 hours in order to stimulate the rumen to mechanical action. Said binder can be polymerized, such as a resin or a plastic compound. The binder preferably is colophonium and possibly also contains a physiologically tolerable inorganic salt, such as a sulphate, a carbonate and/or a phosphate. The binder can further contain a physiologically tolerable oil. As its main component, the feed or fodder can contain e.g. straw, sawdust and/or wood chips.

Abstract: Drying agents for cut plants provide a basic pH in a solution between approximately 12.4 and 13.2 when the drying is to be provided primarily on the stems of the cut plants. The drying agents include a first material which provides a pH of at least 12.4 in the solution. The first drying agent may constitute an alkaline metasilicate such as sodium metasilicate. The drying agents may also include a second material such as an alkaline carbonate. Sodium or potassium carbonate are preferable. The second drying agent constitutes a buffer to limit the pH in the solution to a value of approximately 13.2.The metasilicate is in the form of a colloid of silicon dioxide and this colloid tends to act primarily on the waxes on the stems to saponify the waxes on the surfaces of the stems. The drying agents form a chemical complex which serves as a protective coating to prevent water from entering into the stems of the plants.

Abstract: Freshly cut green-chopped alfalfa is fed into an elongated lightproof dryer, conveyed on successively slower moving perforated conveyor belts in successively thicker layers through successive regions through which decreasing amounts of air heated to respective constant temperatures in the range from roughly 150.degree. F.-600.degree. F. are moved. During daytime operations, a very large solar collector preheats the air, and natural gas powered burner units bring the preheated air up to the respective constant temperatures. At the outlet end of the dryer dehydrated alfalfa is dropped into a first chute which feeds a layer of dehydrated alfalfa through a first crushing system including a pair of high pressure rollers, which crush it, fracturing and breaking the leaves of the alfalfa. This alfalfa then is fed into a second chute which mixes it and feeds it between another pair of high pressure rollers that further break the brittle leaf pieces.

Abstract: A drying agent for cut plants provides a basic pH of at least 11 in a solution and has properties of becoming at least partially insoluble at a pH no greater than approximately 13.4 in the solution. A mold-inhibiting agent is mixed with the drying agent and is provided with properties of remaining inactive until the occurrence of conditions inducing molding of the plant. The mold-inhibiting agent has properties of reacting with moisture under such conditions inducing molding to inhibit such molding.A waterproofing agent is mixed with the drying and mold-inhibiting agents and is provided with properties, at the pH of the drying agent in the solution, for providing for a passage of moisture from the plants while preventing drops or droplets of water from being reabsorbed on the plants. The waterproofing agent may be sodium methyl siliconate.A surface active agent may also be included.

Abstract: A method for the production of silage from a fermentable forage substrate by admixing Lactobacillus plantarum 2B bacteria with a fermentable forage substrate. The bacteria is added in an amount effective to lower the pH of the forage substrate to a pH at which the fermentable forage is stabilized and rendered substantially free of butyric acid producing bacteria.

Abstract: Agricultural waste material, including animal manure and crop wastes, are converted into proteinaceous animal feed products by a fermentation process using the fungus, Chaetomium cellulolyticum.

Abstract: Lignocellulose-containing materials are chemically converted to a form which is suitable for feeding to ruminant animals by wetting the materials with dilute acid, storing the wet material at ambient temperature and pressure in a low acid environment to effect mild hydrolysis of the materials, drying the acidified materials and partially neutralizing the dried material with ammonia.

Abstract: An improved fodder composition resulting in the slow release of phosphorous comprising a combination of a phosphorous component, a nitrogen component and a starch and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: A description is given of the use of agricultural waste in the form of chemically treated cereal straw or fruit plant prunings together with the liquid residue from sugarbeet molasses in the production of balanced feedingstuffs suitable for feeding polygastric animals. The final useful mixture contains the agricultural waste as its main component and up to 60% of sugarbeet pulp, the remainder consisting of conventional additives.

Abstract: For supplying a desired amount of ammonia to a straw bale, particularly a large round bale, in order to convert the straw material into a feedstuff, the bale is subjected to an ammonia injection treatment in direct association with the bale being reloaded from a local receiving position to a final storing position by a tractor fitted with a suitable bale carrier implement. The bale carrier implement may comprise carrier spears which are provided with injector for supplying the ammonia to the interior of the bales from an ammonia tank carried by the tractor itself.

Abstract: The growth of microorganisms in stored crops, and especially in animal feedstuffs, is inhibited by the application, in the presence of urease, of a preservative composition which comprises ammonia, urea and urea polymers in a fluid medium. Urea polymers which are useful include biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid, urea cyanurate and other compounds which decompose to form ammonia. The effect of treatment with the preservative composition is to provide an immediate microorganism-inhibiting ammonia level, which, due to delayed decomposition of the urea and urea polymers, is sustained to some significant degree during prolonged storage of the treated material.

Abstract: Cereal grain straws are converted into protein-enriched products having significnt amounts of microbial biomass in the form of the fungus, Chaetomium cellulolyticum.

Abstract: Animal feedstuffs in pressed form compressed at a pressure less than 700 atmospheres to a bulk density of about 0.3 to about 1.3 g/ml and having a water content from about 8% to about 14% by weight are provided which are based on at least one comminuted, solid, structured, fibrous, agricultural by-product having a preponderance of its fibers of a minimum length of about 1 cm the agricultural by-product having a length of about 10 to about 160 mm, together with at least one digestible, non-structured industrial, non-textured by-product and/or residue with nutrient value. The structured agricultural product in the feedstuff in the pressure form still retains its structured integrity thereby to provide chewability and bite to the feedstuff. The feedstuff preferably is in the form of pellets having a size defined as follows: the diameter of the pellets is between about 14 mm and about 32 mm, the length of the pellets is between about 15 and about 50 mm; and the density of the pellets is between about 0.

Abstract: Supplemented livestock feedstuffs and methods of feeding using as active ingredient a chemical compound having histamine H.sub.2 antagonist activity improve the utilization of food by meat producing animals. A specific compound of use as the active ingredient is metiamide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of treating squeezing juice having a high protein and sugar content, obtained by squeezing vegetable matter to be used as foodstuff. This process comprises the following steps:submitting said squeezing juice issuing from a squeezing press to a first inoculation with a first mesophile homofermentative lactic bacteria in a proportion of at least 10.sup.4 bacteria per milliliter;maintaining the thus inoculated juice at a temperature comprised between 28.degree. and 35.degree. C., preferably 30.degree. C., during 15 to 20 hours, under slow agitation and without aeration, so as to obtain a suspension constituted by an insoluble fraction of vegetable and microbial proteins, and a residual liquid phase, said suspension having a pH comprised between 4.2 and 4.5;separating said soluble fraction from said liquid fraction; andseparately treating the residual liquid and said insoluble fraction.

Abstract: A method for recovering and recycling animal waste materials permits the separation of the solids with a desired moisture content from the remaining liquids and finer solid particles and wherein the liquids and finer solid particles are converted into a high quality single cell protein by means of aerobic digestion so as to maximize the value and percentage of total solids reclaimed as well as to maintain excellent sanitation and minimize odors from anaerobic decomposition.

Abstract: Improved ruminant animal feedstuffs of substantially increased crude protein content are prepared by first subjecting a feedstuff of relatively low crude protein content to chlorination and then subjecting the chlorinated feedstuff to ammoniation.

Abstract: Pyroligneous acid and pyroligneous acid complexes incorporating selective additives are employed as antifungal, antibacterial preservative agents for the treatment of animal feedstuffs.

Abstract: A method is provided for splitting and extracting green plants, such as lucern, for fodder and preserving of the pulp. The method provides for separatelygathering the juice and the pump with various percentages and at a desired rate for more judicious utilization of those components and in particular, a better valorization of proteins; and forpreserving the pump in commercial fractions by a method of batch-compaction and of anaerobic storage, eliminating all dehydrations and thus exhibiting an appreciable savings of energy.The method is characterized in that it includes a primary phase of crushing and breaking of stems without mixing of the cellulose and a secondary phase in which one realizes a definitive splitting to the desired degree. A device for using the method is also disclosed. The method and device have application in the agro-alimentary industries.

Abstract: Improved feed supplements for ruminants are prepared from protein from a leafy green source. The protein is combined with lipid material and the mixture is emulsified and coagulated. The coagulate is separated and dried to a solids content of about 85% or more at a temperature of about 80.degree.-110.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of fermentation media suitable for culturing yeast for animal consumption and microspores and/or for the production of protein from vegetable waste matter. Any vegetable matter containing a considerable amount of hemicelluloses, pentosans, pectins or other polysaccharides in addition to cellulose and not very suitable for direct feeding of animals is usable as starting material. Preferred representatives are: corn-cob and/or stalks, reeds, sunflower stalks, fallen autumn leaves. An animal food product made by the method is also disclosed.