Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for stabilizing the flavor of a fermented malt beverage, most particularly a beer, by the addition of one or more inhibitors, blockers, reducing agents or binding agents that inactivate one or more Maillard reaction intermediates that induce staling of the flavor of fermented malt beverages. In preferred such methods, the agents used are reductase enzymes, especially aldehyde reductases, carbonyl reductases, aldose reductases, oxoaldehyde reductases and most particularly oxidoreductases such as isozymes of Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE;EC 1.6.99.1) (e.g., OYE1 and OYE2 and OYE3). The invention is also directed to the fermented malt beverage prepared by such a method, and to the use during the brewing process of reductase enzymes from naturally occurring sources, including those produced by yeasts, to stabilize the flavor of the resulting beer product and to produce a beer having a stable flavor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for the improvement of the quality of a flour-baked composition such as bread and sponge cake, which comprises, (a) 0.005 to 2 parts by weight of a cereal protein partial decomposition product having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 5,000 to about 90,000, and (b) 1 to 1,500 units of at least one enzyme selected from an amylase, a lipase, and ascorbate oxidase. The present invention also provides the method for improving the quality of a flour-baked composition, quality improved dough using the same, and quality improved baked composition using the same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for stabilizing the flavor of a fermented malt beverage, most particularly a beer, by the addition of one or more inhibitors, blockers, reducing agents or binding agents that inactivate one or more Maillard reaction intermediates that induce staling of the flavor of fermented malt beverages. In preferred such methods, the agents used are reductase enzymes, especially aldehyde reductases, carbonyl reductases, aldose reductases, oxoaldehyde reductases and most particularly oxidoreductases produced by yeasts such as isozymes of Old Yellow Enzyme (e.g., OYE1, OYE2 and OYE3). The invention is also directed to the fermented malt beverage prepared by such a method, and to the use during the brewing process of reductase enzymes from naturally occurring sources, including those produced by yeasts, to stabilize the flavor of the resulting beer product and to produce a beer having a stable flavor.

Abstract: A quality improver for producing bread, comprising at least one component (i) selected from malt, rice fermentation product, and wheat fermentation product and (ii) biotin. Preferably it further contains mevalonolactone and/or mevalonic acid or a lactic acid fermentation product of soy bean. A seed dough is obtained by kneading cereal powder, yeast, and the quality improver for producing bread and subjecting the mixture to primary fermentation. The bread has a sufficient volume, a good shape, a soft feeling upon eating, a good flavor (fragrance and taste), excellent storage stability and contains vitamins, proteins and minerals abundantly. The seed dough containing the quality improver can be circulated.

Abstract: Flavoring agent obtained by a process in which seeds of an edible plant are germinated, the sprouts obtained are matured under the effect of their endogenous enzymes, an optional fermentation of these sprouts is envisaged with at least one microorganism, the enzymes and/or microorganism are inactivated and all or part of the matured and/or fermented sprouts is recovered, and use of this flavoring agent as raw material for the preparation of products of the Maillard reaction, alone or mixed with other materials rich in flavor precursors and/or enhancers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nutritionally valuable products from cereals by means of an enzymatic degradation of the starch present in the cereals is provided. Gelatinization and degradation of the starch to soluble dextrines and their continued degradation to more simple oligosaccharides is carried out in a single step. Additionally, a plant for carrying out the process is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides micro-organism strains of the Geotrichum candidum family, obtainable by selecting and cloning natural strains of the micro-organism, and which have the following properties: a lipase activity of less than 2.5.multidot.10.sup.-7 nKat per cell; a substantially complete inhibition of undesirable flora developing during malting; and a lack of mutagenic activity as measured by the Ames test.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the effects of a chemotherapeutic agent on a neoplasm medium. The method is premised on the discovery that chemotherapeutic agent, such as retinoic acid, affects the fluorescence spectroscopy of neoplasmic media and that such differences can be monitored, for example, by comparing the spectral profiles, spectral peaks, and spectral bandwidths of fluorescence at various wavelengths of the medium before and after administration of the chemotherapeutic agent. Differences in the excitation spectroscopy of the medium can also be used to monitor the effects of the agent.

Abstract: Aggregate pieces of instantized dry milk powder, which are uniformly distributed among cereal pieces in multi-serving packages of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal, tend to maintain their distribution by virtue of a size which is made comparable to that of the cereal pieces. The comparable sizes act to resist any sifting and settling separation and tend to provide a substantially uniform proportion of cereal and liquid milk in each serving, when water is added. An instantized dried milk powder, which is made potentially cohesive due to the inclusion of uncrystallized lactose or the addition of anhydrous sucrose, is then made into larger aggregate forms by substantially immediate compression after a small amount of moisture has been acquired by brief exposure in a humid atmosphere. These special aggregates, which are durable in the cereal package, quickly disintegrate in a sufficiency of cold water and revert to a readily dissolved and dispersible powder to furnish a liquid form of milk with minimal stirring.

Abstract: This invention relates to a carbohydrase enzyme food supplement composition comprising a unique combination of at least one cellulase fungal enzyme, at least one alpha amylase fungal enzyme and at least one hemicellulase fungal enzyme. More particularly, the invention relates to a carbohydrase enzyme food supplement composition comprising a unique combination of a cellulase fungal enzyme obtained from Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma reesei, an alpha amylase fungal enzyme obtained from Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger or Rhizopus oryzae, and a hemicellulase fungal enzyme obtained from Aspergillus niger, wherein the cellulase fungal enzyme is present in an amount of at least 1,000 CA, the alpha amylase fungal enzyme is present in an amount of at least 1,000 DU, and the hemicellulase fungal enzyme is present in an amount of at least 50 HCU, the amounts being per gram of composition.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing flavors from the spent mash of a fermentation mixture is provided wherein the spent mash of the fermentation mixture after distillation is separated into two constituent portions, the thin stillage and the wet distillers' grains. The thin stillage portion is then combined with a base to adjust pH thereof to between about 7 and about 11. The pH-adjusted thin stillage portion is then cooked at a temperature between about 130.degree. F. and about 210.degree. F. for a period of about 4 to about 14 hours. The cooked solution is concentrated in an evaporator until about 30% wt. solids level is obtained. The product is then dried to about 5-about 10% wt. moisture content. The product obtained has different flavors, depending on the base added and the pH of the cooking step. If the base is sodium hydroxide, the product has a bland, sweet or yeasty flavor if the pH is 8.5, maple or caramel flavor if the pH is 9.5, and a cracker or nutty flavor if the pH is 10.5.

Abstract: An enteral nutritional composition comprising 4-30% of a lipid component, 65-80% of a carbohydrate component, and 16-25% of a protein component, based on total caloric content is disclosed. This protein component of this composition comprises, by weight, 14-30% glutamine and 5-33% arginine. The non-protein calorie to grams of nitrogen ratio ranges from 150:1 and 80:1.

Abstract: Soil microorganisms are obtained that produce a hemicellulase which is particularly useful in increasing the available energy content of hemicellulosic foodstuffs. These microorganisms can be cultured per se or can be used as sources of genetic information with which to engineer other microorganisms to produce the enzyme. Thus, commercially useful quantities of native or recombinant hemicellulase can be produced with cultures consisting essentially of microorganisms that produce the enzyme. The hemicellulase can then be employed in a feed composition containing complex carbohydrates which the enzyme degrades, enhancing the nutritional value of the composition.

Abstract: Bagels with extended shelf life, preferably at least two weeks, and processes and formulations are disclosed. The process includes the steps of: preparing a dough by mixing flour, water, yeast, salt, and sugar and a freshness-promoting combination of starch-degrading enzyme, monoglycerides, and monosaccharide; holding the dough under conditions of temperature and humidity for a time effective to develop the dough as evidenced by the evolution of carbon dioxide and the degradation of at least a portion of the starch in the flour to oligosaccharides; forming the dough into bagel-shaped dough pieces; and boiling and baking the dough pieces. The freshness-promoting composition preferably includes one or more additional ingredients selected from the group consisting of: a gum, an oil, wheat gluten in addition to that present in the flour, and at least one egg component. It is also preferred to spray the bagel with a solution of an antimycotic following baking.

Abstract: A bakery ingredient including a milled, starch-bearing grain having about 60-80% of its starch enzymatically eliminated by conversion to a soluble form and about 4 to 30% by weight of a caramel-sugar mixture is disclosed along with a process for preparation of the bakery ingredient. The preferred sugar mixture includes at least 70% maltose and less than 5% glucose. The preferred enzyme is an alpha-amylase. Baked goods prepared from the bakery ingredient demonstrate superior crumb strength and are suprisingly resistant to degradation by excessive or insufficient moisture and are characterized by extended shelf-life capability.

Abstract: Liquid bread-improving compositions with improved stability that contain: 75-95 wt. % vegetable oil having an N.sub.2 less than 2.0, 1-5 wt. % hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point between 60.degree. and 70.degree. C., 1-5 wt. % partly hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point between 35.degree. and 45.degree. C., 2-20 wt. % emulsifiers, at least including DATA-esters, 0-0.2 wt. % flavors, 0.1-1.0 wt. % bread-improving enzymes, and 0.1-0.5 wt. % oxidants. The oil present in a crystallized form has the crystal size less than 25 mm and the average particle size of all particles present in the composition is less than 50 mm.

Abstract: Transglutaminase, when added to flours or baking agents, preferable in combination with a protease or ascorbic acid, improves the resistance of dough to stretching, particularly of yeast doughs made from wheat flour.

Abstract: A baking agent and a process for producing a baking agent for leavened doughs includes a phospholipid fraction whereby the portion of phosphatidyl choline to phophtidyl ethanolamine is lower than 1.

Abstract: There is disclosed a wheat flour comprising not less than 60% by weight of flours which pass through a screening surface having an opening of 75 microns and remain on a screening surface having an opening of 38 microns, which is suitable for the manufacture of a bread, a pasta and noodle. Also disclosed is a wheat flour composite for breadstuff wherein the wheat flour is compounded with a thicker and optionally a malt. The wheat flour composite is suitable for the manufacture of a high quality bread having good appearance, good textural and taste characteristics.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which comprises cellulase, xylanase, peroxidase, and optionally an oxidase. The composition may be incorporated in flour as an additive to dough for bread or other baked dough products such as puff pastry. Flour compositions comprising a bread improver composition of cellulase, peroxidase and optionally an oxidase, and process for improving baked goods by using same are also shown.

Abstract: An enzyme composition comprised of an acid stable microbial alpha-amylase enzyme and a bacterial alpha-amylase enzyme retards the staling of baked goods at low dosage levels without adversely affecting the organoleptic characteristics of the baked goods and without significant gumminess. The composition can be added to the dough or sponge in a process for making bakery products. The acid-stable microbial alpha-amylase enzyme has an optimum activity at a pH of about 3.0 to about 5.0 at a temperature of about 60.degree. to about 75.degree. C. and the bacterial alpha-amylase enzyme has an optimum activity at a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0 at a temperature of about 100.degree. to about 110.degree. C. The ratio of acid-stable enzyme to bacterial enzyme in terms of units per gram of flour is from about 0.05:0.005 to about 1.0:0.1.

Abstract: Process of producing a grain product which comprises subjecting parboiled grain to compression by rolling the grains being maintained at temperatures prior to and during compression below gelatinization temperature. In certain cases the compression step is omitted and an improved product can be obtained by subjecting the grains to treatment with a solution containing an enzyme or enzymes, the quantity of the solution used is such that it is totally absorbed by the grain. In other cases the two aforementioned processes are combined in which case the grain is treated with a solution containing a measured quantity of a solution containing an enzyme or enzymes the quantity of the solution is such that it is totally absorbed by the grains, thereafter the grains are subject to compression by rolling. The invention also relates to a grain product produced by said process.

Abstract: Retardation of crumb firming during storage of a bread product by the incorporation of an effective amount of a thermostable glucanase into the dough before baking which thermostable glucanase restrains the retrogradation of the amylopectin without substantially affecting the amylose component of the starch.

Abstract: Fermented soybean food without cooking is produced by roughly breaking soybean into about 1/2-1/8 in size, taking off the coat and germ, feeding the roughly broken soybean into a sealed vessel, and after introducing steam at or under 1 Kg/cm.sup.2 for 3-20 minutes to avoid cooking the broken soybean, rapidly discharging the broken soybean from the sealed vessel to the outside normal atmospheric pressure and making puff, and by grinding it into powder, sprinkling hot water of 80.degree.-95.degree. C. onto the powder to avoid cooking the powder, and inducing fermentation by adding malt and salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a beer having an alcohol content of maximally 3.5% by volume. For obtaining a beer of this type having good flavor properties, the invention is characterized in that the beer is a mixture of beer obtained by conventional fermentation and unfermented wort product reconstituted with water.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing iron enriched food products by hydrolyzing pulverized soybean, pulverized carrot or a mixture of the two with saccharide-decomposing enzyme and cultivating yeast in said hydrolyzate in the presence of an iron compound. The food products produced by the process not only contain iron in readily absorbable and adverse reaction-free form but also are rich in nutritive elements derived from soybean and carrot so that they are very useful as meal for patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a natural cocoa dietary fiber enriched material, whereby the starting material is cocoa powder. The dietary fiber-rich cocoa material is obtained by removing starch which, first, is degraded enzymatically, and then, is extracted in the form of its degradation products, followed by washing, separating and drying steps. The resulting cocoa material rich in dietary fiber is suitable for producing, for example, dietary fiber enriched chocolate, dietary fiber enriched chocolate beverages, dietary fiber enriched chocolate spread and dietary fiber enriched candy.

Abstract: A method of packaging baker's yeast and one or more baking additives is provided. The additive(s) are placed in well-defined portions into one or more capsules depending on the particular additives utilized. The capsules have destructible walls and are leak-proof. The sealed capsule(s) are then placed in contact with yeast before use of the yeast. The combined additive(s) and yeast are particularly useful in breadmaking.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon plant substrate containing glucids and proteins is disclosed wherein said substrate is hydrolyzed with a hydrosolubilizing enzyme to form hydrosolubilized glucids, the resulting product is fermented with yeast at a pH from 3 to 5 and the fermented product is subjected to thermolysis at a temperature ranging from 80.degree. C. to 140.degree. C. for a period of time of 30 seconds to one hour to obtain a food product having a higher protein content than the starting plant material and a particular flavor which is dependent upon the thermolysis conditions employed.

Abstract: A low-calorie, all-malt beer characterized by full body and flavor of a conventional all-malt beer and a method of preparing the same without any external enzymes is described. A wort is prepared by blending warm malt mash with hot water under conditions which avoid exposing the blend of hot water and the malt mash to temperature between about 52.degree. C. and 75.degree. C., and the resultant wort is converted to beer by fermenting the wort with Brewer's yeast. The wort extract is oxygenated with substantially pure oxygen in place of air normally used in the fermentation, and the Brewer's yeast is added to the wort extract at a rate of about 30 to 60 grams pressed yeast per 100 liters wort so as to absorb, within the yeast cells of the Brewer's yeast, substantially all harsh and grainy flavor compounds contained in the wort extract.

Abstract: Shelf-stable, soft dough products having water activities of about 0.75 or less are produced by preparing a leavened dough; adding to the leavened dough at least one antifirming agent including an oligosaccharide, a monoglyceride ester and maltodextrin and/or corn syrup solids; forming the dough; and cooking the formed dough.

Abstract: A method for preparing an alcohol-free barley malt-based beverage of reduced caloric content is described. In a preferred embodiment, the method consists of adding to a conventionally procssed Malta beverage, following boiling, cooling and filtering, but prior to packaging an amylolytic enzyme system. The amylolytic enzyme system converts te maltose and complex carbohydrates (dextrins) present in the beverage extract to simple, sweet-tasting dextrose.

Abstract: The present invention has for object a process for making a food product from cheap meat chunks having a moisture content situated between 30 to 80% and a fat content situated between 1 to 30%. The chunks are comminuted to form a smooth homogeneous paste having a particular size of less than 2 mm. Salt is added to the paste to produce a partial solubilization of the meat proteins. Then slices of a thickness less than 3 mm are formed. The slices are stabilized by a mild heat treatment.

Abstract: Retardation of bread staling and avoidance of gummy mouthfeel by incorporation of 0.25-5 SKB units/100 grams of cereal or bacterial alpha-amylase and 10-50 PUN of a pullulanase per 100 grams of flour in the dough.

Abstract: Storage stable oxidant-amylase pre-mix or additive formulations, when added to wheat floor, dough or bakery mixes, produce improved bakery products having fine grain and good cell structure and volume.

Abstract: A method for producing a wort containing a reduced level of fermentable sugars is described. The method consists of providing a warm aqueous suspension of ground malt, and adding the warm suspension to a boiling aqueous suspension of cereal adjuncts while avoiding temperatures between about 52.degree. and 72.degree. C. The resulting wort is useful for producing a beer with a lower-than-normal alcohol content, or a malt beverage lacking sweetness usually associated with malt beverages.

Abstract: A process for producing a food composition possessing a malt-like flavor is disclosed. The process involves germinating a cereal grain seed until sprouted roots develop. The sprouted roots are explanted and are then grown on a nutrient medium. The cultured root are then harvested and heated to develop the malt-like flavor. The composition may be utilized as a source of malt flavor in a foodstuff or beverage.

Abstract: An enzyme contaminated by bacteria during preservation or repeated use thereof is sterilized by immersing the enzyme contaminated mass in a polyvalent alcohol. This procedure does not inactivate the enzyme.

Abstract: A pet food product containing at least one amylaceous ingredient maintains or improves its soft texture during storage when the enzyme .alpha.-amylase is added thereto and processed using heat.

Abstract: A dry food mix including principally dehydrated ground mung bean sprouts and method of producing same. The sprouts are harvested upon three days growth with the outer seed coat being removed therefrom. The sprouts are coated with a water solution including tomato and hydrolyzed plant protein. The coated sprouts are dehydrated to a moisture content of approximately 5 percent and subsequently ground and dry blended with a mix. The mix is varied to produce mung bean burger mix, mung bean instant soup and mung bean protein drink.

Abstract: The invention relates to products and processes for employing heat stable enzymes especially--although not exclusively--for retarding the staling of baked and leavened cereal products. A concentrated protective sugar medium is used to solubilize or disperse a fungal alpha amylase enzyme before it is incorporated in a dough. This medium protects the enzyme against thermal denaturation, thereby enabling the enzyme to remain active during baking and until the starch of the dough becomes gelatinized and subject to enzyme attack. A preferred embodiment of the dough also includes chemical emulsifiers which may be used in conjunction with the fungal alpha amylase enzyme dispersed in the concentrated sugar solution. The invention addresses the conflicting requirements that enzyme activity must continue as long as possible throughout the baking process to retard staling; however, all activity must terminate before the end of the baking process to prevent the dough from becoming a sticky mass or paste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a "self-degrading" composition suitable for use in feeding and/or feed-conversing purposes and if desired for the conversion thereof into a self-degrading fodder mixture which comprises pre-degrading the starch being present in cereal fodder and/or maize fodder to an extent that the degradation index of the crop should be from 0.12 to 0.27, and thereafter admixing the so-called "available starch" thus obtained in finely ground form in optional order of succession with .alpha.-amylase and optionally with further additives and--if "self-degrading" fodder mixture is to be prepared--with fodder.The composition of the present invention provides carbohydrates utilizable by the digestive organs of animals. The process of the invention provides products equivalent with the very expensive maltodextrins using cheap and readily available starting materials.

Abstract: A process for producing a food composition possessing a malt-like flavor is disclosed. The process involves germinating a cereal grain seed until sprouted roots develop. The sprouted roots are explanted and are then grown on a nutrient medium. The cultured roots are then harvested and heated to develop the malt-like flavor. The composition may be utilized as a source of malt flavor in a foodstuff or beverage.

Abstract: Incorporation of a carbohydrase into cookie dough provides, via a special baking process, a cookie having a storage stable texture which emulates that of freshly baked, home-style, drop-type cookies. The process for making these cookies involves (1) retarding enzyme activity in the finished dough before baking; (2) deactivating the enzyme in a portion of the cookie, preferably the surface; (3) activating the remainder of the enzyme; (4) allowing the remaining active enzyme to operate on the carbohydrates in the cookie; and (5) final baking.

Abstract: The invention relates to products and processes for employing heat stable enzymes especially--although not exclusively--for retarding the staling of baked and leavened cereal products. A concentrated protective sugar medium is used to solubilize or disperse a fungal alpha amylase enzyme before it is incorporated in a dough. This medium protects the enzyme against thermal denaturation, thereby enabling the enzyme to remain active during baking and until the starch of the dough becomes gelatinized and subject to enzyme attack. A preferred embodiment of the dough also includes chemical emulsifiers which may be used in conjunction with the fungal alpha amylase enzyme dispersed in the concentrated sugar solution. The invention addresses the conflicting requirements that enzyme activity must continue as long as possible throughout the baking process to retard staling; however, all activity must terminate before the end of the baking process to prevent the dough from becoming a sticky mass or paste.

Abstract: In preparing miso like albumin rich foodstuff raw material, malt of rice or the like is sterilized with ethyl alcohol or an aqueous solution thereof, the sterilized malt is admixed with steamed or boiled soya beans and the resulting mixture is aged at a temperature of 20.degree. C.-50.degree. C. for about one week or more.

Abstract: A powdered malt wort product for preparing beverages is produced by fermenting a brewer's malt wort with a lactic acid producing bacteria such as Streptococcus faecalis and then spray-drying the fermented wort. The resultant powdered fermented wort may be mixed with cocoa or chocolate, plus milk solids and sugar to produce a beverage.

Abstract: A method to inactivate the proteolytic enzyme(s) contained in commercial heat stable bacterial alpha-amylase under conditions which retain full alpha-amylase activity. Use of thus purified alpha-amylase enzyme plus surfactants that are approved for use in bread to inhibit firming and improve the keeping quality of bread and other bakery products.

Abstract: A product of fermentation of the water extract of tear grass with a Lactobacillus strain, and foods and feeds comprising said fermentation product. The fermentation product containing useful ingredients of tear grass can be produced by inoculating a Lactobacillus strain in a culture medium containing the water extract of tear grass, and subjecting it to lactic fermentation.

Abstract: Soil microorganisms are obtained that produce a hemicellulase which is particularly useful in increasing the available energy content of hemicellulosic foodstuffs. These microorganisms can be cultured per se or can be used as sources of genetic information with which to engineer other microorganisms to produce the enzyme. Thus, commercially useful quantities of native or recombinant hemicellulase can be produced with cultures consisting essentially of microorganisms that produce the enzyme. The hemicellulase can then be employed in a feed composition containing complex carbohydrates which the enzyme degrades, enhancing the nutritional value of the composition.