Abstract: A plasma etching method forms a tapered recess portion in a wide-gap semiconductor substrate. The method includes forming on the substrate K an etching film having an etching speed higher than that of the substrate K, and forming a mask M having an opening on the high-speed etching film. The substrate K with the etching film and the mask is then placed on a platen and heated to a temperature equal to or higher than 200 ° C., a plasma is generated from an etching gas supplied into a processing chamber, and a bias potential is applied to the platen to etch substrate.

Abstract: A material composition for producing a fireproof material having a fine-grain fraction with grain sizes of less than 100 ?m and a coarse-grain fraction with grain sizes of more than 100 ?m is provided. The fine-grain fraction includes aluminum oxide having a weight proportion of at least 90% by wt. in relation to the total weight of the fine-grain fraction, zirconium oxide having a weight proportion of up to 5% by wt. in relation to the total weight of the fine-grain fraction, a stabilizer for the zirconium oxide as well as titanium oxide powder having a weight proportion of up to 5% by wt. in relation to the total weight of the fine-grain fractional. The coarse-grain fraction represents a weight fraction of more than 30% by wt. of the material composition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for conducting electron or scanning probe microscopy are provided herein. In a general embodiment, the systems and methods for conducting electron or scanning probe microscopy with an undersampled data set include: driving an electron beam or probe to scan across a sample and visit a subset of pixel locations of the sample that are randomly or pseudo-randomly designated; determining actual pixel locations on the sample that are visited by the electron beam or probe; and processing data collected by detectors from the visits of the electron beam or probe at the actual pixel locations and recovering a reconstructed image of the sample.

Abstract: A refinish coating system comprising (I) an intermediate coating composition and (II) a topcoat coating composition is useful for repairing a damage area of a silicone hard coat layer on an automotive resin glazing substrate. The intermediate coating composition (I) comprises (A) a reactive siloxane compound and (B) silica. The topcoat coating composition (II) comprises (C) an alkoxysilane having a UV-absorbing functional group, (D) a multifunctional alkoxysilane, (E) a reactive siloxane compound, (F) colloidal silica, and (G) phosphoric acid. The system forms a coating having the same appearance and physical properties as the underlying silicone hard coat layer.

Abstract: It is an objective to provide a plug capable of enhancing a usage count of the plug, which is for use in a piercing machine for piercing-rolling a billet, and a regenerating method of the plug. The plug (10) is for use in a piercing machine (30) for piercing-rolling a billet (36). The plug (10) includes a body (18), a columnar portion (20), and a sprayed film (16). The body (18) has a maximum diameter at its rear end. The columnar portion (20) has the same diameter as the diameter of the rear end of the body (18), and extends from the rear end of the body (18). The sprayed film (16) is formed on a surface of the body (18) and on a surface of the columnar portion (20).

Abstract: A display device comprises a display panel, a window layer and a coating formed of gel material. The window layer is formed on the display panel and the coating layer is formed on the window layer.

Abstract: An improved coating for rigid and semi-rigid substrates, in particular for equipment used in the oil and gas hydraulic fracturing or fracking industry. The coating is a composite of a relatively thick elastomeric primer coat layer and a harder top coat layer (e.g. epoxy type). The composite has advantageous durability, in particular a surprisingly good resistance to chemical attack.

Abstract: A component of a rotary wing aircraft is provided including a surface configured to contact another component of the rotary wing aircraft such that the surface is susceptible to corrosion and/or pitting. The surface has an area from which a portion of material was removed. A structural deposit is formed by cold spraying one or more layers of powdered material within the area. The structural deposit is configured to carry a load applied to the component.

Abstract: Two-dimensional material based filters, their method of manufacture, and their use are disclosed. In one embodiment, a membrane may include an active layer including a plurality of defects and a deposited material associated with the plurality of defects may reduce flow therethrough. Additionally, a majority of the active layer may be free from the material. In another embodiment, a membrane may include a porous substrate and an atomic layer deposited material disposed on a surface of the porous substrate. The atomic layer deposited material may be less hydrophilic than the porous substrate and an atomically thin active layer may be disposed on the atomic layer deposited material.

Abstract: Methods for making an environmental barrier coating using a sintering aid involving: applying a bond coat layer to the ceramic component; combining at least water and a primary transition material selected from a rare earth disilicate or a doped rare earth disilicate to produce a transition layer slurry; applying the transition layer slurry to the bond coat layer; infiltrating a sol-gel solution comprising at least one sintering aid into the applied slurry; and sintering the component to produce the environmental barrier coating having at least the bond coat layer and a transition layer formed from the transition layer slurry during sintering. During sintering the sintering aid dopes the primary transition material with at least one doping composition.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for method and systems effective to at least partially alter a defect in a layer including graphene. In some examples, the methods may include receiving the layer on a substrate where the layer includes at least some graphene and at least some defect areas in the graphene. The defect areas may reveal exposed areas of the substrate. The methods may also include reacting the substrate under sufficient reaction conditions to produce at least one cationic area in at least one of the exposed areas. The methods may further include adhering graphene oxide to the at least one cationic area to produce a graphene oxide layer. The methods may further include reducing the graphene oxide layer to produce at least one altered defect area in the layer.

Abstract: Methods for making an environmental barrier coating using a sintering aid including combining at least an organic solvent and a primary transition material to produce a transition layer slurry; applying a bond coat layer and then the transition layer slurry to the component; drying the applied transition layer slurry; infiltrating into the dried transition layer slurry a sol-gel solution containing an aqueous or organic solvent solution of, respectively, a water-soluble or solvent-soluble salt sintering aid; and sintering the infiltrated transition layer slurry to produce the environmental barrier coating having at least the bond coat layer and a transition layer; wherein during sintering a reaction between the primary transition material and the sintering aid results in the transition layer having a porosity of from 0% to about 15% by volume of the transition layer.

Abstract: Methods for making an environmental barrier coating using a sintering aid involving: applying a bond coat layer to the ceramic component; combining at least an organic solvent and a primary transition material selected from a rare earth disilicate or a doped rare earth disilicate to produce a transition layer slurry; applying at least the transition layer slurry, and optionally an outer layer slurry and/or a compliant layer slurry to the component; and sintering the component to produce the environmental barrier coating. The sintering step causes a reaction between a slurry sintering aid and constituents of at least one of the transition, outer and compliant layers to form a secondary material and reduce porosity in the coating.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device for process for predicting gloss of a coating resulting from a wet layer of a low gloss coating composition, such as automotive OEM or refinish paint. The device includes measuring reflectance of the layer of the coating composition applied over a test substrate and then allowing the layer to dry and/or cure into a coating. Thereafter, its gloss is measured with a gloss meter. The device is repeated with varying amounts of one or flatting agents added to the composition and the reflectance vs. gloss is plotted on a graph and by using a curve fitting equation a gloss prediction curve is obtained. By measuring the reflectance of a wet layer of a target low gloss coating composition the gloss of a coating that would result from such a layer is then predicted by using the gloss prediction curve. The device is most useful during the manufacture of coating compositions, such as automotive OEM and refinishes paints.

Abstract: Methods for making an environmental barrier coating using a sintering aid involving: applying a bond coat layer to the ceramic component; combining at least water and a primary transition material selected from a rare earth disilicate or a doped rare earth disilicate to produce a transition layer slurry; applying at least the transition layer slurry, and optionally an outer layer slurry and/or compliant layer slurry to the component; and sintering the component to produce the environmental barrier coating. The sintering step causes a reaction between a slurry sintering aid and constituents of at least one of the transition, outer and compliant layers to form a secondary material and reduce porosity in the coating.

Abstract: A method for non-destructive evaluation of an article of manufacture (30) by coating the article with a temperature-sensitive coating (34), stimulating the article with energy (18) to induce temperature changes in the article responsive to features of the article, then evaluating (24) a resulting topography of energy-induced changes (50, 52, 53) in the coating (34). The energy imparted to the article may be, for example, electromagnetic, magnetic, or sonic energy that produces localized changes in temperature in the article (30) in response to features (32) of the article such as flaws or other discontinuities. The coating (34) may be a suspension of liquid crystals in a liquid, and the energy may be an application of sonic energy. The coating may be a material that hardens (42, 54) or softens (44, 56) upon a slight increase in temperature. Layers (34, 35) of different energy-sensitive coatings (38, 40) may be applied to indicate different aspects of features of the article.

Abstract: Methods for improving surface roughness of an environmental barrier coating. The methods include providing a component having a plasma sprayed environmental barrier coating, applying an outer layer repair slurry to the environmental barrier coating of the component, drying the environmental barrier coating having the applied outer layer repair slurry, and sintering the component to produce a component having an improved surface roughness. The outer layer repair slurry includes water, a primary outer material of BSAS, and a slurry sintering aid selected from rare earth nitrate, rare earth acetate, rare earth chloride, rare earth oxide, ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, polyvinyl phosphonic acid, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention is primarily directed to a system and method of selectively repairing asphalt-based shingles having embedded granular material. The system and method of the invention also comprises the use of devices specifically designed and used to template repaired shingles and protect surrounding shingles from adhesives and a shingle frame device to aid in applying, leveling and compressing granules onto the damaged shingle. The system and method of the claimed invention comprises the steps of removal of debris from the damaged area, application of a base coat adhesive to the damaged area, embedding color-matched granules in the base coat and application of a top coat sealant that permanently bonds the repaired layers to the original roofing material.

Abstract: Through the use of different ceramic heat insulation coatings (7, 13) on turbine blades, it is possible to produce or restore different configurations of gas turbines, which are then optimized for a respective baseload operation application or peak load operation application. Differences in the sprayed-on heat insulation coatings (7, 13) can be generated by means of a different material composition of the powder, for example zirconium oxide, by means of a different number of layers (10), by means of different coating thicknesses and/or by means of different porosities.

Abstract: A tire dressing composition is provided that includes at least one silicone fluid having a viscosity of between 40 and 500,000 centiStokes at room temperature. An amine functionalized silicone fluid having a viscosity of between 40 and 500,000 centiStokes at room temperature is also present. A thickener is present to yield a coating from the composition has limited sag, low tack upon coating formation, and desirable durability properties. An organic solvent is present in which the at least one silicone fluid and the amine functionalized silicone fluid are soluble or suspended. A process is provided for dressing a tire having a previous silicone coating thereon, the process including applying the tire dressing composition and allowing a solvent to evaporate from the composition to form a tire dressing coating. The coating producing an initial gloss of great than 200 units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for repairing a structural weakness in an aircraft fuselage, or preventing the advancement of a structural weakness in an aircraft fuselage. Cold spray methods such as supersonic particle deposition have been shown to positively affect structural characteristics of sheet metal and lap joints as used in fuselage construction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a paste-like SiO2 composition using an SiO2 slip which allows simple intermediate storage and transport conditions without the processability of the slip to give the paste-like SiO2 composition being impaired thereby. According to the invention, it is for this purpose proposed that a homogeneous SiO2 base slip be subjected to a drying step to form a dry SiO2 composition and subsequently be processed further by means of a remoistening step to give the paste-like SiO2 composition, where the remoistening step comprises the addition of liquid to the dry SiO2 composition to form a paste-like kneadable SiO2 composition having a solids content of more than 85% by weight. The invention further relates to the use of a paste-like SiO2 composition as repair composition.

Abstract: An asphalt composition, process, and apparatus for repairing cracks and other distressed areas in road surfaces. The asphalt composition comprises an aggregate material and a cold pour asphalt emulsion, preferably a quickset cationic asphalt emulsion. The aggregate material will preferably be a graded aggregate material. The asphalt emulsion and the aggregate material will preferably be mixed together and then delivered into the distressed area in not more than 20 seconds. A small mixing assembly is preferably held in suspension over the road surface for continuously receiving and mixing the asphalt emulsion and aggregate components and delivering the mixture into the distress area.

Abstract: Methods and systems for cleaning, coating and sealing leaks in existing pipes, in a single operation. A piping system can be cleaned in one pass by dry particulates forced and pulled by air throughout the piping system by a generator and a vacuum. Pipes can be protected from water corrosion, erosion and electrolysis, extending the life of pipes such as copper, steel, lead, brass, cast iron piping and composite materials. Coatings can be applied to pipes having diameters up to approximately 6?. Leak sealants of at least approximately 4 mils thick can cover insides of pipes, and can include novel mixtures of fillers and epoxy materials, and viscosity levels. A positive pressure can be maintained within the pipes during applications. Piping systems can be returned to service within approximately 96 hours.

Abstract: A system and method for temporarily filling surface voids, such as cracks, potholes or other surface breaches includes a flexible container, such as a bag. The bag is filled with an engineered viscosity fluid. The fluid properties are chosen in accordance with a particular application in accordance factors including hole properties, anticipated traffic properties and ambient temperature. A bag with appropriate properties is placed in a void, and provides a temporary travel surface. Embodiments include fluids with engineered viscosity properties, including non-Newtonian fluids. Additional embodiments include selectively filled, selectively drained, or multiple bags. Another embodiment includes tubular, flexible containers cut to size in accordance with hole characteristics.

Abstract: Techniques and methods are disclosed for facilitating the fireproofing application process to the structural members of buildings (e.g., houses, apartment buildings, office buildings, sky-rises, etc.) and for improving the structural integrity of steel when exposed to extreme temperatures. The components of the Universal Fireproofing Patch provide a fireproofing protection product that exceeds Underwriters Laboratories fireproofing guidelines, which may be used under any circumstances (i.e., in the event the existing material to be fire-patched is either unknown or unavailable). The components of the Universal Fireproofing Patch enable a user the ability to coat a non-conforming area quickly, easily and for a fraction of the price compared to commercial patching services. Finally, the Universal Fireproofing Patch is sold as a kit that is comprised of a container, a premeasured quantity of water and fireproofing mix, a mixer, a trowel and an instrument capable of measuring liquids.

Abstract: A method of repairing a color filter and a pre-repair material used thereby are provided. The method includes the following steps. First, a color filter including a substrate and a color filter layer is provided, and the color filter layer having at least one defect pattern is disposed on the substrate. Then, a pre-repair layer is formed in the at least one defect pattern. After that, a repair layer is formed on the pre-repair layer, and the repair layer is connected to the substrate through the pre-repair layer.

Abstract: A cold spray coating process is disclosed. The cold spray coating process includes positioning a cold spray nozzle relative to a bearing assembly, rotating the bearing assembly, and directing a powdered babbitt material through the cold spray nozzle, to a surface of the rotating bearing assembly. The powdered babbitt material adheres to the surface of the rotating bearing assembly, forming a coating on the surface. Another cold spray coating process includes positioning the cold spray nozzle relative to a bearing assembly, rotating the cold spray nozzle, and directing a powdered babbitt material through the cold spray nozzle, to a surface of the bearing assembly. The powdered babbitt material adheres to the surface, the rotating of the cold spray nozzle forming a coating on the surface. Another cold spray coating process includes monitoring properties of the coating on the surface of the bearing assembly with a coating monitor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treatment of a surface of a rotor blade of a windmill, the apparatus being placed in such a manner to be moveable in relation to the surface of a rotor blade, and the apparatus being caused to move depending on a form of treatment determined by means for treatment mounted on, in or next to the apparatus. In this manner, various forms of treatment of a rotor blade may be carried out such as for instance washing, finishing, sealing, etc.

Abstract: A method of preparing or operating a mass spectrometer vacuum interface comprising a skimmer apparatus having a skimmer aperture and an internal surface of the skimmer apparatus, comprising disposing an adsorbent or getter material on the internal surface. The internal surface has a deposition region where matter from plasma flows may be deposited and the material is disposed on part or all of the deposition region. The disposing step may be performed before a first use and/or intermittently, especially to refresh a previously disposed material. Providing such material serves to trap or collect deposition matter which might anyway be deposited but in such a way that subsequent liberation of that matter is prevented or at least reduced.

Abstract: A method of repairing an inner surface of a cylinder liner housed in an engine block. Material is removed from the inner surface to produce a reduced-thickness region, the reduced-thickness region extending axially relative to the cylinder and stopping short of an end of the liner to leave a region of original diameter between the reduced thickness region and the end of the liner. The surface the reduced-thickness region is then roughened, for example by hammer brushing. A plasma coating is applied to the reduced-thickness region and to at least a portion of the region of original diameter. The coating is then finish-machined to produce a uniform internal diameter equal to an original internal diameter of the region of original diameter prior to the application of the coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite coating systems and methods for the manufacture and reconstruction of condensate pans, floors or other internal structures of a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) or heating ventilation air conditioning and refrigeration (HVACR) unit. The composite coating system comprises a base epoxy coating and a top surface coating. The base epoxy coating is substantially free of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and adheres to the condensate pans, floors or other internal structures of the HVAC or HVACR unit to fill pinholes and to provide corrosion and water resistance, and the top surface coating provides a barrier to high thermal exposure of the base coating.

Abstract: Matrix composite component repair processes are disclosed. The matrix composite repair process includes applying a repair material to a matrix composite component, securing the repair material to the matrix composite component with an external securing mechanism and curing the repair material to bond the repair material to the matrix composite component during the securing by the external securing mechanism. The matrix composite component is selected from the group consisting of a ceramic matrix composite, a polymer matrix composite, and a metal matrix composite. In another embodiment, the repair process includes applying a partially-cured repair material to a matrix composite component, and curing the repair material to bond the repair material to the matrix composite component, an external securing mechanism securing the repair material throughout a curing period, In another embodiment, the external securing mechanism is consumed or decomposed during the repair process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to color matching and repair delivery systems and more particularly to the delivery of a gradient variety of shades of color of a gel coat, resin, and or paint in its liquid form, for the matching and repairing of and to existing colored surface and body structures and in the repair to gel coat and fiberglass surfaces and bodies typically found in and on boats, aircraft, tubs, showers, dock boxes and the like. The general purpose of the present invention relates to a method and delivery system for color matching gel coat to gel coat and fiberglass surfaces. The present invention and system allows users to color match their fiberglass gel coat surface repair by using a kit that eliminates the need for messy mixing of multiple components needed to perform the typical fiberglass gel coat repair. The system dispenser includes multiple chambers or component reservoirs that hold and contain the fiberglass gel coat resin color solution.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a unique method for depositing materials in a substrate. Another embodiment is a unique system for depositing materials in a substrate. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for depositing materials within a substrate. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.

Abstract: A method of forming a restored countertop surface on an existing countertop surface comprises the step of applying discrete portions of a secondary material onto a base coat formed of uncured base material. The base material and the secondary material are formulated such that the secondary material does not mix with the base material and a visual appearance of the secondary material is different from that of the base material. At least one of the base material and the secondary material harden to form the restored countertop surface.

Abstract: In some examples, a method includes identifying a damaged area in a ceramic matrix composite coating of an in-service component; applying a restoration slurry to the damaged area of the ceramic matrix composite coating, wherein the restoration slurry comprises a liquid carrier and a restoration coating material; drying the restoration slurry to form a dried restoration slurry; and heat treating the dried restoration slurry to form a restored portion of the ceramic matrix composite coating. In some examples, an assembly may include a component including a substrate and a coating on the substrate, where the coating defines a damaged portion; masking around the damaged portion on undamaged portions of the coating; and a restoration slurry in the damaged portion, wherein the restoration slurry comprises a liquid carrier and a restoration coating material.

Abstract: A system, kit and method for non-structural surface repair and reconditioning of industrial sized blades includes an initial evaluation and power washing step for identifying required repairs. A surface cleaning step combines power washing with application of muratic acid and various mechanical tools and techniques for removing environmental and chemical buildup. A succeeding step provides for non-structural surface repairs to the blades, such as including filling and reshaping the leading edges with the use of an impact resistant urethane and/or a fast cure epoxy and fiberglass cloth. A finish coating step includes applying a chemically resistant and submersible grade (i.e. water resistant) top coat epoxy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Thermoanaerobacter sp. bacterial strain (BKHI) isolated from a hot spring, a purified protein (bioremediase) isolated from bacterial strain BKH1, as well as concrete compositions comprising BKH1 and/or the protein, and methods of using the protein and/or composition. Also disclosed are nucleic acids encoding the protein isolated from BKHI, as well as expression vectors, host cells, cell lines, and methods for generating and purifying the bioremediase protein.

Abstract: A method of coating a component having a multiple of cooling holes includes removing at least a portion of a prior coating; directing a gas through at least one of the multiple of cooling holes; and applying a coat layer while directing the gas through at least one of the

Abstract: A method of repairing defects in automotive coatings is disclosed. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of repairing defects in color-clear composite coatings.

Abstract: Various methods preserve or restore the low roughness throughout an outer shell of a device (e.g., a streamer) used underwater for seismic surveys, by applying various substances that fill micro-cracks, are easy to polish or are self-healing. Apparatuses used to implement these methods may be used shortly before the devices are deployed in water, for example, having the device passing through such an apparatus as it is moved to be deployed in water.

Abstract: A method for matching color and appearance of a target coating of an article is provided. The method includes the steps utilizing sparkle values of the target coating; color data of the target coating; and flop values based on the color data; to identify and select matching formulas based on sparkle differences, flop value differences, and color difference indexes. The method can be used for matching color and appearance of target coatings having effect pigments. This disclosure is also directed to a system for implementing the method. The method can be particularly useful for vehicle refinish repairs.

Abstract: A tool and a process for producing a repair coating on at least one metallic surface that is coated with at least one corrosion protecting coating A applied with at least one composition selected from the group of pretreatment compositions, of organic compositions and of silicon compound(s) containing compositions. Corrosion protecting coating A has been at least partially removed in area Z. Corrosion protecting coating B contains a silicon compound and is applied as a solution or dispersion containing a silane, a silanol, a siloxane, a polysiloxane or mixture thereof on at least a part of the area Z. A further corrosion protecting coating C may be applied. The tool is provided for use in the process.

Abstract: A complete system and method can be used for the repair and sealing of a sewer manhole. The process of the present invention includes surface preparation with steps to purge out embedded contaminants, application of a primer to the prepared and purged surface, application of a closed cell foam layer over the primer layer, and application of polyurea layer disposed on the foam layer. By first making sure the concrete is purged of contaminants, the system, when applied, cannot be damaged by the outgassing of contaminants from the coated concrete as may be possible with conventional systems. Moreover, the system of the present invention uses a 100% polyurea coating that provides appropriate flexibility, strength, and chemical resistance.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with novel formulations to create highly durable hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, oleophobic and/or superoleophobic surfaces that can be nearly transparent. The formulations of this invention can be applied by dip, spray and painting processes.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the repair of a component of a turbomachine, in particular a rotor of an aircraft gas turbine, with blades taken up in at least one groove and with at least one support region for limiting a blade tilt angle, whereby at least one segment, which has been subjected to wear, of the support region of the component is removed, and a coating that can be introduced in the unit on at least one supporting surface of at least one blade is formed on the component for limiting the blade tilt angle. In addition, a component of a turbomachine, in particular a rotor of an aircraft gas turbine, with at least one such repair site is disclosed.

Abstract: A multilayer paint system wherein each layer of paint uses the same activator and the same mixing ratio of film-forming binder to activator. The paint system herein is particularly useful for automotive refinishing applications.

Abstract: The invention is a method of treating, restoring or sealing a surface comprising applying an emulsion comprising a latex polymer, a cationic emulsifier, and optionally a recycling agent to the surface to wet the surface and depositing a surface treatment layer on the surface, wherein the depositing step occurs while the surface is wetted. The invention also includes a surface pretreatment composition comprising water, at least one acrylic latex polymer, an aromatic recycling agent, and at least one cationic emulsifier. Furthermore, the invention includes the surface resulting from the application of the emulsion used in the invention and concentrated emulsions for use with the surface treatment composition.

Abstract: The method according to the invention for reprocessing the worn surface of grinding rollers (2) of a material bed roller mill comprises the following method steps: a. providing a mobile processing station (6) which is arranged in a container (8) and comprises at least one machine tool (9) and a drive (10) for rotating the grinding roller, b. removing the complete roller unit (A) containing the grinding roller to be reprocessed from the material bed roller mill, c. positioning the complete roller unit in front on the mobile processing station and coupling the drive to the shaft (1) of the grinding roller, d. producing a new cylindrical surface (2h) using the machine tool, and e. producing a new wear protection comprising new profiled bodies (2c) and/or build-up welding.