Abstract: In order to produce lightweight mirror structures or other reflecting components, preformed silicon elements of sufficient wall thickness are applied to a CFC or CMC substrate structure with the dimensions of the component to be produced, at a temperature in the range 1300.degree. C. and 1600.degree. C. either in vacuum or in a protective atmosphere. In this way a mirror structure or reflector is formed directly. It is possible to work at temperatures in the range of 300.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. when the silicon is applied in the form of a preform such as a wafer, which is joined to the substrate by way of a zone of a melt eutectic incorporating a nonferrous metal, which is preferably gold. The surfaces are subsequently coated.

Abstract: Potential difficulties in surface modification of a substrate are avoided by using a mixture that includes a ceramic powder, a brazing material and a flux. Exposure to an elevated temperature activates the flux and at least partially melts the brazing material. Upon cooling, the melt solidifies to bond the ceramic powder to the substrate surface an create the modification.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a catalyst layer consisting of a metal alloy with palladium or platinum as the primary meal and at least one other meal which has a melting point lower than that of the primary meal and which forms with the primary metal homogeneous mixed crystals that are rich in the primary metal. In the method, a powder of the at least one other metal is applied first to a carrier body followed by application of a powder of the primary metal. The powders are successively applied to the carrier body in this order, with at least the powder of the primary metal being sprayed on by thermal means.

Abstract: For the production of lightweight reflectors or mirror structures, metallic silicon of sufficient thickness is applied to a CFC or CMC substrate preform structure having the dimensions of the component to be produced by a heat treatment process, in particular at temperatures between 1300.degree. C. and 1600.degree. C. and in a vacuum or in a protective atmosphere. In this way, reflectors or mirror structures are formed directly. It is possible to work at temperatures of 300.degree.-600.degree. C. when the silicon is applied in the form of wafers which are joined to the substrate preform by way a zone of a melt eutectic incorporating a nonferrous metal. Preferably the nonferrous metal is gold.

Abstract: A process for producing a nitrogen-alloyed stainless steel layer on steel by applying nitride containing mixed metal powder or stainless powder to the steel surface, and thereafter treating the steel with laser beams.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance inherent in stainless steel is further improved by a cladding layer provided on the surface thereof. The cladding layer is formed of a coating material which is applied onto the surface of the stainless steel and, then, burnt to be fused by laser beams. The coating material contains a larger amount of Cr than that of the stainless steel. The thus fused material and a fused portion of the stainless steel are mixed with each other to form the cladding layer of remarkable corrosion resistance due to a larger amount of Cr contained therein. The formation of the cladding layer on the inner surface of a small diameter pipe is enabled by a coating film shaping device which has a jig for shaping the applied material into a film of a uniform thickness and by a laser irradiation torch which has an arrangement for emitting the laser means radially outward from the inside of the pipe.

Abstract: A heat transfer element (2) for use in boiling a liquid is produced by spraying a substrate, such as a heat exchanger tube, with a plasma of liquified metal particles and concurrently spraying the substrate with liquid carbon dioxide to provide a cooling effect. Preferably the metal particle spray (4) and the carbon dioxide spray (8) are spaced apart, and there is relative movement between the sprays and the substrate, such that a given area of the substrate is precooled by the cold carbon dioxide just prior to liquified metal particles impinging thereon. A shroud (6) may assist in directing the liquid carbon dioxide first onto the substrate, then into the spray of liquified metal particles.

Abstract: Apparatus for internally coating a pipe, comprising means heating a pipe as it is internally spray coated, a plurality of first rollers mounted on a first rotatable shaft having an inlet end proximate the heating means and an outlet end spaced from the heating means, and a plurality of second rollers mounted on a second rotatable shaft parallel to the first shaft and having an inlet end adjacent the heating means. Each second roller is spaced from and adjacent to a corresponding first roller in a paired relationship to thereby define a nesting groove located above the gap between each set of paired rollers. Motive means rotates the shafts and the mounted rollers to rotate the pipe within the nesting grooves of adjacent pairs of rollers. Advancing means longitudinally advances the pipe through the heating means and sequentially along the nesting grooves of adjacent pairs of rollers.

Abstract: An oxide dispersion strengthened metal coating is applied to a substrate by positioning a laser spray apparatus over the substrate such that a laser in the spray apparatus forms a hot zone at a distance above the substrate sufficient to prevent the substrate from melting. An oxide dispersion strengthened metal powder coating material is injected into the hot zone to heat the coating material such that it will be in a plastic state when it impinges against the substrate. The coating material is then caused to impinge against the substrate to form a uniform coating on the substrate. The microstructure of the coating on the substrate is substantially identical to the coating material's microstructure before it is injected into the hot zone.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate, including the steps of: providing a space between an anode substrate constituting an anode and a cathode substrate constituting a cathode using an insulating member inserted between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate, supplying the providing space with particles of a coating material, preferably a metal or a metallic compound, evacuating the space, and generating an electric field in the evacuated space to cause vibration of the particles to coat the anode substrate and the cathode substrate with the particles of the coating material. According to the substrate coating method of the present invention, a coating with a high purity having excellent adhesion to a substrate and a uniform thickness can be formed on a substrate at normal temperatures at a high efficiency. Furthermore, according to the substrate coating method of the present invention, a coating can be formed on a substrate at a low electric power.

Abstract: A polymer composite includes a thermoplastic plastic polymer having a fine grain metal or metal oxide dispersed therein. Preferably, the fine grains has a size of about 1,000 nm or less. A method of making the polymer composite by adhering a metal layer to a thermoplastic polymer layer in a thermodynamically nonequilibrated condition followed by relaxation of the polymer layer to obtain thermodynamic equilibrium which causes the metal layer to be absorbed by the polymer layer as fine grains is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methodology for increasing the critical current density carried by high transition temperature; superconductive materials. The methodology is employed using any Noble metal to form an electrically conductive coating; and is used with any high transition temperature superconductive material conventionally known. The resulting improved superconducting material demonstrates an enhanced critical current density capability in the order of 48%; and substantially decreases the degradation of the critical current density in the presence of an applied magnetic field; and offers a range of other advantages including environmental degradation protection, an increased mechanical strength, and an improved capability for adding electrical contacts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for curing metal particles into continuous metal conductors on a nonconducting substrate. The apparatus includes a generator for supplying radio frequency energy through an impedance matching circuit to a coil positioned proximate to the substrate. The coil and substrate are placed in a chamber which is evacuated prior to curing and then pressurized with nitrogen gas. The electromagnetic flux lines generate eddy currents in the particles which heat them until at least some melt, thereby converting the metal particles into continuous conductors.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance inherent in stainless steel is further improved by a cladding layer provided on the surface thereof. The cladding layer is formed of a coating material which is applied onto the surface of the stainless steel and, then, burnt to be fused by laser beams. The coating material contains a larger amount of Cr than that of the stainless steel. The thus fused material and a fused portion of the stainless steel are mixed with each other to form the cladding layer of remarkable corrosion resistance due to a larger amount of Cr contained therein. The formation of the cladding layer on the inner surface of a small diameter pipe is enabled by a coating film shaping device which has a jig for shaping the applied material into a film of a uniform thickness and by a laser irradiation torch which has an arrangement for emitting the laser means radially outward from the inside of the pipe.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying a self-fluxing, self-bonding alloy coating of a hard facing alloy in powder form to a ferrous metal plate or substrate of melting point substantially higher than that of the hard facing alloy. The method comprises providing a plate of a ferrous metal substrate to be coated in which a surface of the plate to be coated is cleaned, e.g., by grit blasting. A retaining bank is formed substantially about a predetermined periphery of the plate by forming a ridge of a predetermined height on the clean surface to provide a confining zone into which a powder of the hard facing alloy is smoothly applied to a predetermined thickness to provide a composite of the alloy powder and the substrate. The powder may have an average particle size ranging from about 40 mesh to about 400 mesh (U.S. Standard) e.g., about 80 mesh to about 325 mesh.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an active electrode for an oxygen sensor involves preparing a solution by dissolving an alkoxide of a metal constituting an oxide semiconductor or solid electrolyte in a mixture of a solvent and diethanol amine, adding chloroplatinic acid to said solution to obtain a precipitation, calcining and pulverizing said precipitation to form a micro-composite power of an oxide of said metal and platinum, and forming an electrode on said oxide semiconductor or solid electrolyte using said composite powder.

Abstract: A technique for producing a highly convoluted surface on a prosthetic device is achieved by applying a layer of aspherical metallic powder on the surface of the device. The metallic powder, which may be the same as or different from the material of the device, is applied in a thickness of up to approximately 200 microns and has a size range of approximately -80 to +635 mesh so as to result in a surface roughness defined by a peak to valley variation of up to approximately 200 microns. A resulting device has an enhanced surface which provides, alternatively, an improved press fit into a receiving bone, or improved cement fixation, or improved reception of a ceramic coating.

Abstract: A body of carbonaceous or other material for use in corrosive environments such as oxidizing media or gaseous or liquid corrosive agents at elevated temperatures, in particular in molten salts such as cryolite, is coated with a protective surface coating which improves the resistance of the body to oxidation or corrosion and which may also enhance the bodies electrical conductivity and/or its electrochemical activity. The protective coating is applied in one or more layers from a colloidal slurry containing reactant or non-reactant substances, or a mixture of reactant and non-reactant substances, in particular mixtures containing silicon carbide and molybdenum silicide or silicon carbide and silicon nitride, which when the body is heated to a sufficient elevated temperature reaction sinter as a result of micropyretic reaction and/or sinter without reaction to form the protective coating.

Abstract: A method of joining two bodies together, at least one of the bodies being predominantly composed of metal, the two bodies each having a respective joint surface for joining with the joint surface of the other body, the two bodies having a respective melting point, includes the following steps: a) providing aluminum metal and iron metal on at least one of the joint surfaces of the two bodies; b) after providing the aluminum metal and iron metal on the one joint surface, positioning the joint surfaces of the two bodies in juxtaposition against one another with the aluminum and iron positioned therebetween; c) heating the aluminum and iron on the juxtaposed bodies to a temperature from greater than or equal to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: Described are a process for soldering at least one component having solder bumps to a substrate and a process for forming solder bumps on metal pads of an element, such as an IC package or substrate or both. The bumps are formed by stencil printing solder paste deposits on the metal pads, heating the solder paste deposits to reflow temperature of the solder in the solder paste deposits, and allowing the molten solder in each deposit to coalesce and during subsequent cooling solidify forming the bumps on the metal pads.

Abstract: A porous electrode for pacemakers is comprised of a plurality of platinum globules sintered together to form a porous mass of semi-hemispherical shape at the end of a platinum electrode stem. The globules, which are themselves made by sintering together spherically-shaped particles of approximately one micron diameter, provide the globules with an irregular outer surface of high total surface area. The globules have diameters within a critical range of 40-200 microns. The large total surface area of the globules improves the sensing function of an electrode configuration of given size and surface area, while the globule diameters of 40-200 microns have been found to beneficially accommodate tissue ingrowth within the electrode. In a preferred method of making the electrode, the platinum globules, which are formed by sintering together platinum particles of much smaller size, are mixed with organic solvent and organic binder to form a paste.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid conducting porous article having micron sized metallic particles suspended on a ceramic substrate member. The method includes coating the ceramic substrate with a particle slurry on top of which is added an additional amount of the same particles as a dry powder, and then heat treating the article in a reducing gas atmosphere. The use of less than ten micron sized Nickel particles for the porous material and sintered fusion of the particles are also included.

Abstract: A metal-coated particle is prepared by providing a disintegrator apparatus with a working chamber containing counter-rotating disks equipped with teeth design to accelerate particles towards one another, providing a first material and a second metal as powders, such that the first material is harder than the second metal and introducing the first material and second metal powders into the working chamber of the disintegrator apparatus, whereby the soft second metal collides with the hard material and is coated onto the surface of the hard first material. A metal-coated metal with an intermetallic interface is prepared by introducing a first material and a second metal as powders into a disintegrator working chamber containing counter-rotating disks and teeth designed to accelerate particles towards one another. The first material harder than the second metal and is capable of reacting with the second metal to form an intermetallic compound.

Abstract: A cold gas-dynamic spraying method for applying a coating to an article introduces into a gas particles of a powder of a metal, alloy, polymer or mechanical mixture of a metal and an alloy, the particles having a particle size of from about 1 to about 50 microns. The gas and particles are formed into a supersonic jet having a temperature considerably below a fusing temperature of the powder material and a velocity of from about 300 to about 1,200 m/sec. The jet is directed against an article of a metal, alloy or dielectric, thereby coating the article with the particles.

Abstract: A method of forming a ceramic layer, which is compact and rich in adhesion to a metallic body, on the metallic body without adding binders even though said ceramics is hard to be sintered ceramics such as various kinds of non oxide ceramics. Said method comprises a step of placing ceramic powders and/or a mixture of ceramic powders and metallic powders or a mixture of metallic powders and non metallic powders on the metallic body and a step of forming the ceramic layer on the metallic body in a moment by a reaction heat of the Thermit.RTM. reaction under the pressurized condition. In addition, a metallic insert member can be disposed between said metallic body and various kinds of powder placed on said metallic body. Furthermore, the resulting ceramic/metal composite member is subjected to a hot hydrostatic pressing or a hot pressing under high temperatures and high pressures.

Abstract: A process for making an electrically conductive pattern on a substrate comprising coating the substrate with a solution of salts containing at least one supplementary element, drying and heat treating the salt coating at a temperature lower than the temperature at which oxides form from the salts, then forming a metal conductive pattern on the heat treated supplementary element coating. This process can be used to make printed circuits on ceramic substrates which are useful in hybrid circuits, for example.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a reaction which occurs on the surface of a substrate body. Particularly, at least one solid oxidant is contacted with at least one parent metal to result in a reaction therebetween and the formation of a reaction product on the surface of a substrate body.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for spray coating material which employs a plasma gun that has a cathode, an anode, an arc gas inlet, a first powder injection port, and a second powder injection port. A suitable arc gas is introduced through the arc gas inlet, and ionization of the arc gas between the cathode and the anode forms a plasma. The plasma is directed to emenate from an open-ended chamber defined by the boundary of the anode. A coating is deposited upon a base metal part by suspending a binder powder within a carrier gas that is fed into the plasma through the first powder injection port; a material subject to degradation by high temperature oxygen reactions is suspended within a carrier gas that is fed into the plasma through the second injection port. The material fed through the second injection port experiences a cooler portion of the plasma and has a shorter dwell time within the plasma to minimize high temperature oxygen reactions.

Abstract: A process for making 2D and 3D carbon-carbon composites having a combined high crystallinity, high strength, high modulus and high thermal and electrical conductivity. High-modulus/high-strength mesophase derived carbon fibers are woven into a suitable cloth. Layers of this easily graphitizible woven cloth are infiltrated with carbon material to form green composites. The carbonized composite is then impregnated several times with pitch by covering the composite with hot pitch under pressure. The composites are given a heat treatment between each impregnant step to crack up the infiltrated carbon and allow additional pitch to enter the microstructure during the next impregnation cycle. The impregnated composites are then given a final heat treatment in the range 2500.degree. to 3100.degree. C. to fully graphitize the fibers and the matrix carbon. The composites are then infiltrated with pyrolytic carbon by chemical vapor deposition in the range 1000.degree. C. to 1300.degree. C. at a reduced. pressure.

Abstract: Preparation of feed screw having a wear resistant alloy coating thereon for the injection molding or extrusion of plastic. Nickel-based alloys that have shown themselves to be compatible with inlaid barrel liners by virtue of similar wear ratios, modulus of elasticity, ultimate yield strength, and linear thermal coefficients of expansion, are sprayed at high velocity onto a heated feed screw to mechanically bond the alloy to the feed screw. The alloy is then fused to the feed screw in a controlled manner. Following the fusing process, the feed screw and alloy thereon is heated and allowed to cool in a highly controlled environment to produce a crack-free dense coating of the alloy on the screw substrate.

Abstract: A moving bed reactor for the treatment of fluid in a countercurrent process includes a reactor vessel having, in an upper region thereof, an inlet for receiving particulate material and an outlet for discharging treated fluid, the reactor vessel also having, in a lower region thereof, a downward tapering first funnel leading to an outlet, the first funnel guiding the particulate material to the outlet for discharge from the reactor vessel, the first funnel being formed by wall sections which mutually overlap in louvre fashion to create slot-shaped passages for the fluid to be treated to enter the vessel.

Abstract: A method of forming an adherent layer of metallurgy on a ceramic substrate which includes the steps of obtaining a ceramic material containing a polymeric binder and copper metallurgy patterns within the ceramic body. In one embodiment of the invention, the ceramic body also contains MgO.Thereafter, a surface layer of metallurgy is formed on the surface of the ceramic body. In one embodiment, the surface layer is nickel and in another embodiment, the surface layer is copper or gold.Then, the ceramic body undergoes a sintering cycle which includes the steps of pyrolysis, binder burnoff and, lastly, densification and, in some cases, crystallization. During densification and crystallization, there is a predetermined steam atmosphere which meets the following requirements: a partial pressure of oxygen less than that necessary to satisfy the equilibrium equation 4Cu+O.sub.2 =2Cu.sub.2 O; and a partial pressure of oxygen less than or equal to that necessary to satisfy the equilibrium equation 2Ni+O.sub.

Abstract: An abradable seal coating for application to one of a pair of members having relative rotational movement and its method of manufacture are described.The abradable seal coating comprises a two phase composition consisting of a first phase of a metallic alloy matrix of approximately 88% aluminium - 12% silicon, and a second phase of an organic dispersoid material. The first and second phases are codeposited onto a substrate in the ratio 80:20 respectively.The two phases are modified after codisposition onto the substrate by heat treating at a temperature of 450.degree. C. for about sixteen hours. The heat treated coating can be used at elevated temperatures and has improved abradability whilst maintaining its integrity.

Abstract: A method for producing an oxygen detection element having uniform pores and an excellent durability against toxic matter contained in the measurement gas. The method includes a first step of applying a paste to be sintered to form a catalytic electrode layer onto at least a part of an oxygen-ion conductive solid-state electrolytic body, and sintering the paste to thereby form said catalytic electrode layer at a predetermined position on said surface of said solid-state electrolytic body after sintering, and a second step of forming an electrode protection layer for coating and protecting at least a part of the catalytic electrode layer either after or simultaneous with the first step. In a first embodiment, the paste contains mainly a noble metal powder acting as a catalyst and an organic metal compound, in a second embodiment mainly co-precipitated powder consisting of a noble metal and a metal hydroxide, and in a third embodiment mainly noble metal powder and a powder of a metal other than a noble metal.

Abstract: A fabrication method for applying electrically conductive circuit traces to a substrate is described. The method uses an ink composition which is applied to a selected substrate by an ink delivery system. The ink includes an adhesive in combination with other additives, including one or more sovlents. The ink is delivered by the ink jet system in a selected pattern, followed by the application of a powdered metal to the pattern which adheres to the adhesive in the ink. After the removal of excess powder, the substrate, pattern and powder are heated in an amount sufficient to melt the powder on the substrate. This produces a pattern of conductive traces geometrically corresponding to the ink pattern initially applied to the substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a reaction which occurs on the surface of a substrate body. Particularly, at least one solid oxidant is contacted with at least one parent metal to result in a reaction therebetween and the formation of a reaction product on the surface of a substrate body.

Abstract: A process for making an electrically conductive pattern on a substrate including forming a patterned adhesive layer on the substrate, applying a conductive metal powder to the adhesive layer, and in a second coating pass, applying a powder containing supplementary elements to the pattern. The patterned substrate is fired to volatilize theadhesive layer and sinter the powders. This process can be used to make printed circuits on ceramic substrates which are useful in hybrid circuits, for example.

Abstract: Powder which has primary particle size of not larger than 10 .mu.m and is formed of mixture of Ni powder and Cr powder added with hard particles containing carbide is mixed with Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 powder and granulated and sintered, whereby flame spraying powder having secondary particle size of 5 to 53 .mu.m is formed. The flame spraying powder thus formed is flame-sprayed under conditions which will cause fused Ni.Cr to cover Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 particles which are not fused, thereby binding the Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 particles and causes the thickness of one Ni.Cr layer to be smaller than 5 .mu.m. In this manner, flame spray coating the porosity of which is not larger than 2% and the hardness of which is not lower than 700 (Hv: 200 g) can be obtained.

Abstract: A tungsten chromium carbide-nickel coated article and process for producing it in which the coating contains chromium-rich particles having at least 3 times more chromium than tungsten and wherein said chromium-rich particles comprise at least about 4.5 volume percent of the coating.

Abstract: Particulate vinyl resin mixed with a liquid premix of carbon black, plasticizer, etc. provides surface resistivities of 10.sup.4 -10.sup.9 ohm/sq. with as little as 0.2 to 5% by weight carbon black in fused sheets or films useful for conductive flooring or wrapping. Overcoating with a plastisol before fusion provides a smooth surface without loss of static dissipative properties. Conductive TiO.sub.2, Sb/SnO.sub.2, organic titanates, dispersions of carbon black and titanium dioxide, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, epoxidized soybean oil, polyethylene glycol and organic stabilizer are useful for preparing PVC resin compositions.

Abstract: Fine copper and nickel powders are well mixed in a preselected ratio with bonding agents and carriers as appropriate. The composition then may be patterned upon a substrate by screen printing and subsequent firing in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a low sheet resistance, low TCR electrical resistor. Various alloy powders, inert materials, and glass frits may be used depending upon the desired characteristics.

Abstract: A titanium or titanium alloy composite having a porous surface layer, which comprises a titanium or titanium alloy substrate and a porous titanium or titanium alloy layer that adheres strongly to said substrate, said porous layer being formed by first providing said substrate with a firmly adhering sinter of a mixture of a titanium or titanium alloy powder and a magnesium powder, and then removing magnesium from the sinter. A process for producing a titanium or titanium alloy composite having a porous surface layer, comprising: providing a coating composition comprising a binder added to a mixture of a titanium or titanium alloy powder and a magnesium powder; applying said composition to the surface of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate; heating the substrate at a temperature of from 650.degree. to 800.degree. C. in vacuo or an inert atmosphere so as to form a sinter of the powders of titanium or titanium alloy and magnesium which firmly adheres to said substrate; and removing magnesium from said sinter.

Abstract: The invention provides a mounting method by which a flat coil formed by winding an insulator layer and a metal foil sheet in layers can be mounted readily and with certainty on a circuit board. In mounting a flat coil on a circuit board, at first a pair of terminal portions each composed of a layer of solder are formed at a first end portion and a last end portion of the flat coil such that they extend in an axial direction of the coil, and then the coil is disposed on the circuit board such that the terminal portions thereof may be opposed in a perpendicular relationship to connecting faces of a conductor pattern on the circuit board. After then, the coil and the circuit board are heat processed to cause solder material applied to the connecting portions of the conductor pattern to adhere to faces of the terminal portions over the full extent of the axial length of the flat coil to interconnect the connecting faces of the conductor pattern and the terminal portions of the flat coil.

Abstract: Manufacture of glass mold plungers utilizes a thermal spray gun having combustion chamber with an open channel for propelling combustion products into the ambient atmosphere at supersonic velocity. The method comprises injecting into the chamber a combustible mixture of combustion gas and oxygen at a pressure in the chamber of at least two atmospheres above ambient atmospheric pressure, feeding into the chamber a powder comprising self-fluxing alloy particles, and combusting the combustible mixture in the chamber means whereby a supersonic spray stream containing the powder is propelled through the open channel. The spray stream is directed toward a glass mold plunger substrate such as to produce a coating thereon which is ground and polished. The coating may be fused prior to grinding.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a field of dealing with inorganic fine particles, and provides a mass of the inorganic fine particles and method of producing the mass, and as applications of the method, an ultrathin film of inorganic fine particles and method of producing the ultrathin film, a magnetic recording medium and method of manufacturing the medium, and a method of manufacturing an inorganic pattern and method of manufacturing a inorganic wiring. Furthermore, the present invention provides the magnetic recording medium by convering the inorganic fine particles with a monomolecular film of a silane type surface active agent through chemical adsorption and permitting the inorganic fine particles and the monomolecular film to have functions.

Abstract: A filament for an indirectly heated cathode is coated with a tungsten-aluminium oxide suspension, the tungsten particles being stabilized by a chemisorbed monomolecular layer of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as stearic acid.

Abstract: The disclosed invention describes a method for cladding surfaces of an earth boring apparatus, or the like, with a hardfacing material having an entrained, or encapsulated, heavy metal refractory carbide. The method includes heating the surface to the incipient melting temperature and applying a molten super-alloy matrix material that has a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the carbide. The super-alloy, in a powder form, is pre-mixed with the carbide material, also in a powder form, such that, when the molten surface and the molten super-alloy cool, they form a metallurgical bond, at the surface, with the carbide material mechanically retained within the solidified matrix material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat insulating separation wall between the combustion chamber of a solid fuel rocket and a chamber containing an electronic control installation of said rocket.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an erosion-resistant layer or coating on the surface of a metallic workpiece. The method includes providing a thermally sprayable alloy of Ni-Cr-Fe-B-Si and thermally spraying the alloy on the workpiece to a specified thickness, following which the sprayed-on layer is heated in vacuum to a temperature between 250.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. for a time at the stated temperature of about 5 to 30 minutes sufficient to effect degassing of the layer. The temperature of the layer is thereafter raised to a range of about 800.degree. C. to 950.degree. C. and maintained at that temperature in vacuum for between 5 to 30 minutes. The temperature at the layer is then raised to between 900.degree. C. and 1100.degree. C. under a protctive atmoshpere at a pressure of between 200 to 600 mm Hg to effect fursion of the layer at above its melting point, following which the coated metallic workpiece is finally cooled to room temperature under the protective atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for applying and bonding a solid lubricant on a substrate whose surface has depressions and pores. The process comprises depositing fine solid lubricant particles on the surface of a substrate to be lubricated in excess of a quantity sufficient to fill essentially all depressions and pores on the substrate surface, and thereafter burnishing the substrate to distribute and bond the lubricant particles on the substrate. Such burnishing of the substrate can be accomplished during its moving contact with another substrate during intended use. Maintenance of lubricity can be accomplished by depositing additional lubricant particles on the substrate and thereafter burnishing, and can be performed while the substrate is in moving contact with another substrate whereby this moving contact performs the burnishing operation.