Abstract: A method for the application of at least two different powder coating layers to a substrate comprising the steps of application of a first powder coating layer followed by the application of a second powder coating layer, without any substantial curing of the first powder coating layer prior to the application of the second powder coating layer, followed by the simultaneous curing of the first powder coating layer and the second powder coating layer, wherein the first powder coating layer is applied to the substrate using a corona charging system and the second powder coating layer is applied to the substrate using a tribo charging system, or the first powder coating layer is applied to the substrate using a tribo charging system and the second powder coating layer is applied to the substrate using a corona charging system and the first powder coating layer and second powder coating layer have an opposite electrostatic polarity.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for electrostatic charging of a container for an electrostatic coating operation includes a support member for supporting a container during an electrostatic coating operation with the support member comprising a non-metallic conductive material or electrically semiconductive portion that directly contacts a surface of the container. The electrically semiconductive portion comprises non-metallic, resistive or low conductivity material and is coupled to a source of electrical energy such that the container is electrostatically charged to an opposite polarity to offset or reduce electrostatic charge build up produced by the electrostatic coating operation.

Abstract: A method for forming a coating on an ionic liquid includes placing an ionic liquid on a surface of a substrate, thereby forming an ionic liquid coated substrate. The ionic liquid coated substrate is introduced into a physical deposition chamber having a physical deposition target. One or more materials are directed from the physical deposition target onto the ionic liquid of the ionic liquid coated substrate by physical vapor deposition to form a coating on the ionic liquid of the ionic liquid coated substrate.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing particles, such as nanoparticles. The method includes introducing an ionic liquid into a deposition chamber, and directing one or more material toward or depositing one or more materials onto the ionic liquid by physical vapor deposition to form nanoparticles in the ionic liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for depositing nanometric filamentary structures. The method comprises passing a gaseous phase comprising the nanometric filamentary structures through a space defined between at least two electrodes generating an electric field, for depositing the nanometric filamentary structures on at least one of the electrodes; and at least substantially preventing the deposited nanometric filamentary structures from bridging the electrodes during the deposition. The invention also relates to an apparatus for depositing nanometric filamentary structures as well as to methods and apparatuses for monitoring the production of nanometric filamentary structures.

Abstract: A method and system for producing rolls for electrophotography are provided. The rolls can be rotated and shifted laterally during an oxidative baking process to produce finished rolls having improved electrical and printing characteristics. The oxidation of the rolls may be controlled to provide a corresponding increase in surface electrical resistance to within plus or minus 25 microns of a selected roll thickness.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing microelectronic topographies, a method of use of such an apparatus, and a method for passivating hardware of microelectronic processing chambers are provided. The apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to support a microelectronic topography and a rotatable case with sidewalls arranged on opposing sides of the substrate holder. The method of using such an apparatus includes positioning a microelectronic topography upon a substrate holder of a processing chamber, exposing the microelectronic topography to a fluid within the processing chamber, and rotating a case of the processing chamber. The rotation is sufficient to affect movement of the fluid relative to the surface of the microelectronic topography. A method for passivating hardware of a microelectronic processing chamber includes exposing the hardware to an organic compound and subsequently exposing the hardware to an agent configured to form polar bonds with the organic compound.

Abstract: In a method of measuring the thickness of a coating as it is applied to a substrate, wherein the coating is applied as a thin ribbon from a spray gun, at least one surface profile of the applied coating is obtained along a line intersecting the ribbon during relative movement of the substrate and spray gun. The thickness of the applied coating is computed from the obtained surface profile.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing microelectronic topographies, a method of use of such an apparatus, and a method for passivating hardware of microelectronic processing chambers are provided. The apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to support a microelectronic topography and a rotatable case with sidewalls arranged on opposing sides of the substrate holder. The method of using such an apparatus includes positioning a microelectronic topography upon a substrate holder of a processing chamber, exposing the microelectronic topography to a fluid within the processing chamber, and rotating a case of the processing chamber. The rotation is sufficient to affect movement of the fluid relative to the surface of the microelectronic topography. A method for passivating hardware of a microelectronic processing chamber includes exposing the hardware to an organic compound and subsequently exposing the hardware to an agent configured to form polar bonds with the organic compound.

Abstract: A method of making a coated article is provided. The method includes electrostatically depositing powder onto a metallic article to be coated using an electrostatic spray gun while the metallic article is being rotated around its axis such that the powder is deposited around the entire circumference of the metallic article at least in a radially outward peripheral region having projections and depressions and that the powder deposited on top of the projections is larger in thickness than the powder deposited in other parts of the metallic article. Melting of the powder is performed by induction heating the metallic article to make a coating film adhere to the metallic article.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin-film including a capability to remove contaminants from the formed thin-film and/or a substrate on which the thin-film is formed using alcohol. The method includes allowing a substrate holder to support a substract. A first mixture is produced by mixing a condensation polymer containing an element of metal oxide compound and alcohol. Then second mixture is produced by mixing supercritical fluid or liquid carbon dioxide and the first mixture. A thin film is formed by applying the second mixture on a surface of the substrate. After forming the thin-film, the substrate is cleaned by applying alcohol to upper and lower surfaces, preferably the whole upper and lower surfaces, of the substract. The thin-film is crystallized by heating, and the crystallizing may include applying oxygen in a crystallizing chamber. Soft X-rays may be applied to the substrate, during the forming of the thin-film on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method of enhancement of electrical conductivity for conductive polymer by use of field effect control, wherein on the substrate, whose surface was treated with a field, was coated by a containing monomer or oligomer solution of conductive polymer, through a field mechanism a monomer or oligomer of conductive polymer can demonstrate the sequential order molecular structure layer on the substrate, on this molecular structure layer was coated by an available amount of oxidant to proceed the polymerization, it was subjected to a field during polymerization to form 3-dimensional order stacking structure in order to increase the functional characteristic and electrical conductivity for conductive polymer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for embedding particles into the polymer matrix of a medical device are disclosed. The apparatus may include an electrostatic spray nozzle adapted to direct a stream of nanoparticles dissolved in a solution toward a positive outlet. A medical device, mounted onto an electrode, can then be placed into or proximate the stream such that upon energization of the electrode, the charged particles are redirected from the outlet toward the electrode. By spacing the electrode and energizing the electrode appropriately, the charged particles can be accelerated to a degree sufficient to cause the charged particles to embed themselves into the polymer matrix of the medical device.

Abstract: An article which is being processed with plasma is moved during plasma processing so that the motion of the article comprises at least a first rotational motion, a second rotational motion, and a third rotational motion which occur simultaneously. The apparatus that moves the article comprises a first arm rotatable around a first axis, a second arm rotatably attached to the first arm and rotating the article around a second axis, and a rotational mechanism for inducing a rotational motion of the article in addition to, and simultaneously with, the rotation of the first and second arms.

Abstract: In a known method for producing an SiO2 blank, SiO2 particles are formed in a burner flame of a deposition burner and are deposited under the effect of an electrical field on a substrate. Starting therefrom, in order to indicate a simple and inexpensive method by means of which blanks can be produced with a predetermined, in particular axially homogeneous, mass and density distribution, it is suggested according to the invention that the geometrical shape of the burner flame (8) is adjusted by the effect of the electrical field (9) in dependence upon the geometrical parameter of a deposition surface (12; 21) of the substrate (1) that is assigned to the burner flame (8).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing golf club heads comprises a process of coating golf club heads with a paint by passing the golf club heads through a space in which the paint is sprayed by an electrostatic spray coating machine so that the charged spray of the paint is attracted to the rotating golf club heads.

Abstract: A towel dispensing machine for dispensing wet towels, including a cutting mechanism to cut the towels to the desired length and a liquid dispensing device for wetting the towels to produce individual cut, wet towels. Preferably, the towels are also rolled by a rolling mechanism before being dispensed. Additionally, the liquid can be heated to dispense hot wet towels. A method for producing wet towels is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the application of fluoropolymer to a preselected area of a threaded fastener, and particularly to substantially all of the threads of the fastener. The fluoropolymer is supplied to a spray nozzle in powder form and is subjected to a triboelectrostatic charging process so that individual particles discharged from the spray nozzle are electrically charged to between about 1×10−7 to about 3×10−3 coulombs per kilogram. In the preferred form of the invention, the fluoropolymer powder is triboelectrically charged, entrained in an air stream discharged from the nozzle and directed onto the preselected area of the fastener. In this manner a generally uniform powder coating is deposited onto the preselected area of the fastener while the fastener is maintained at room temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the application of fluoropolymer to a preselected area of a threaded fastener, and particularly to substantially all of the threads of the fastener. The fluoropolymer is supplied to a spray nozzle in powder form and is subjected to a triboelectrostatic charging process so that individual particles discharged from the spray nozzle are electrically charged. In the preferred form of the invention, the fluoropolymer powder is triboelectrically charged, entrained in an air stream discharged from the nozzle and directed onto the preselected area of the fastener. In this manner a generally uniform powder coating is deposited onto the preselected area of the fastener while the fastener is maintained at room temperature. Thereafter, the fastener is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the fluoropolymer to thereby coalesce the deposited powder into a continuous film coating which adheres, upon cooling, to the pre-selected area of the fastener.

Abstract: For coating substrates (17,18,20,21,22) in a vacuum-coating chamber (2) the substrates are introduced by an air lock into the coating chamber (2) and moved along a transport path in front of the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) producing a coating cloud. To this end, the substrates (17,18,20,21,22) are led past the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) by means of holding devices (24) arranged movably on a transport belt (9) during at least two successive coating phases. During the one coating phase, the substrates (17,18,20,21,22) are oriented along one transport direction T.sub.3 oriented towards the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) such that essentially the substrate bottom of the cylindrical substrate is coated. During the subsequent second coating phase, the substrates are oriented in front of the coating sources (50a,b,c,d) in a direction T.sub.4 opposite the transport direction T.sub.3, wherein the substrates (17,18,20,21,22) are oriented such that essentially the cylindrical side surface is coated.

Abstract: Method of electrostatically coating a substrate wherein the substrate is brought to a coating station at which it is held substantially electrically isolated from its surroundings adjacent a source of particulate coating material. The substrate and the coating material are held at a potential difference to each other sufficient to coat the exposed surface of the substrate with particles of coating material.

Abstract: An apparatus for modifying an intravascular stent with endothelial cells and/or engineered endothelial cells which may have genetically altered DNA to minimize failure rates includes an external conductor sleeve, an insulating tube held therein, and a pair of insulated end caps, each detachably securable over each end of said insulating tube. Each insulated cap has a substantially centered aperture therethrough and a stent holder extending transversely therefrom to hold opposite ends of the stent therebetween. The insulated end caps and the insulating tube hold a solution containing the endothelial cells inside the insulating tube to surround exposed surfaces of the stent. An insulated internal conductor is received through the apertures.

Abstract: Compounds which possess a complementary structure to a desired molecule, such as a biomolecule, in particular polymeric or oligomeric compounds, which are useful as in vivo or in vitro diagnostic and therapeutic agents are provided. Also, various methods for producing such compounds are provided. These polymeric or oligomeric compounds are useful in particular as antimicrobial agents, receptor, hormone or enzyme agonists and antagonists.

Abstract: The thermosetting coating composition in a powdery form, includes (a) a binder resin prepared by the steps comprising preparing a starting material monomer mixture of two different polymerization reactions, each of the polymerization reaction being carried out in an independent reaction path, and then concurrently carrying out both of the two different polymerization reactions in one reaction vessel; (b) a colorant; and (c) a crosslinking agent. The coating film is prepared by curing the above thermosetting coating composition.

Abstract: A golf ball has a surface uniformly covered with a paint coat so that carrying properties of dimples can be stably elicited. A paint to which is applied a voltage of more than 50,000 V is supplied to a disk revolving at a speed of more than 15,000 rpm for atomization, the atomized paint being coated on the surface of the golf ball to form a paint coat within a thickness range of 5 to 60 .mu.m, with a maximum/minimum coat thickness ratio of 1 to 2.