Abstract: The invention relates to photoactive oligomeric aminoketones of general Formulae I and II, for compositions and inks curable with ultraviolet (UV) light. The oligomeric aminoketones of the general Formula I are made by condensation of aminoketones with aldehydes, and aminoketones of the general Formula II are made by acylation of aromatic amines with phthalic anhydride, followed by esterification with a polyol. The aminoketones provide good curability of energy curable coatings and inks with UV-A light, and are proposed for photoinitiator systems for low migration inks.

Abstract: A method for curing a mixture of a matrix and a curing agent based on sulfur-containing polymers on command and so rapidly that a tack-free surface results. A method for coating a substrate with the composition and of curing a sealant is also provided. The matrix and curing agent containing sulfur-containing polymers. The mixture is an uncured mixture with an isocyanate content, and the matrix is uncured and contains a mercaptan-terminated base polymer based on at least one polyether, polythioether, polysulfide or copolymers thereof. The uncured matrix, the curing agent, or both contain at least one photoinitiator based on sterically-inhibited tertiary amines. The mixture cures in the temperature range of ?10 to +70° C. after the high-energy actinic radiation is applied. Corresponding matrices A, mixtures B, curing agents, sealant systems, and substrates, e.g., aircraft are contemplated.

Abstract: A process for application of metal on a substrate surface comprises applying a mixture of a solvent, a polymerizable monomer, and a photoinitiator on a substrate surface, wherein the photoinitiator does not form two phases together with the monomer and the solvent, i.e. it forms an amorphous mixture without any crystals. The monomer is able to polymerize to a polymer comprising at least one carboxylic group. Thereafter the solvent is evaporated. Polymerization is induced by irradiating the applied dried mixture. Ions are applied and reduced to metal and thereafter further metal can be deposited. The method can be used in industrial processes, both 2D and 3D surfaces can be coated with metal. Materials sensitive to standard grafting chemicals and/or polymers containing halogen atoms can be coated.

Abstract: A system and method for creating an authentication mark on a recording medium by depositing marking material on a medium in an image area to create a marking material image and to create a marking material authentication image.

Abstract: A substantially colorless radiation overcoat composition suitable for overcoating ink-based images and xerographic-based images. The overcoat composition comprises at least one gellant, at least one monomer, at least one substantially non-yellowing photoinitiator, optionally a curable wax, and optionally a surfactant.

Abstract: The photocuring efficiency of a photoinitiator is increased by mixing it with an organic phosphite and an aldehyde. This mixture or photoinitiator composition can be used to cure acrylates or other photocurable compounds, particularly in an oxygen-containing environment.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for curing a composition containing a triacylglycerol oligomer which includes exposing the composition to ultraviolet radiation to form a cured product. The composition can also include any or all of the following: a pigment, an initiator, a fatty acid methyl ester, a surfactant, a drying agent, and other additives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of strongly adherent coatings on an inorganic or organic substrate, wherein in a first step a) a low-temperature plasma, a corona discharge or a flame is caused to act on the inorganic or organic substrate, in a second step b) one or more defined photoinitiators or mixtures of defined photoinitiators with monomers, containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, or solutions, suspensions or emulsions of the afore-mentioned substances, are applied, preferably at normal pressure, to the inorganic or organic substrate, in a third step c) using suitable methods those afore-mentioned substances are dried and/or irradiated with electromagnetic waves and, optionally, in a fourth step d) on the substrate so pretreated is applied a further coating.

Abstract: There is described a method of forming a transfer member suitable for use with an image forming system. The method includes coating an ultraviolet (UV) curable mixture comprising a chlorinated polyester resin, a reactive diluent, conductive species and a photoinitiator on a substrate. The UV curable mixture is cured with ultraviolet energy. The cured mixture is then removed from the substrate.

Abstract: Processes for printing conductors, insulators, dielectrics, phosphors, emitters, and other elements containing elongated functional particles aligned along the axis of a spun fiber or film that can be for electronics and display applications are provided. Also provided are viscoelastic compositions used in the processes, and devices made therefrom.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic insulating layer used for an array substrate for a liquid crystal display device comprises forming a base material layer on a substrate; forming a photocurable organic material layer having a first liquid phase polymeric precursor, a second liquid phase polymeric precursor and a photo-initiator on the base material, the first liquid phase polymeric precursor having a single-functional group material, the second liquid phase polymeric precursor having at least one of a two-functional group material and a three-functional group material; disposing a stamp having a convex portion over the photocurable organic material layer; moving at least one of the substrate and the stamp such that the stamp depresses the photocurable organic material layer, wherein a contact hole, which exposes a portion of the base material layer and corresponds to the convex portion, is formed in the photocurable organic material layer; curing the photocurable organic material layer having the contact hol

Abstract: There is described a method of forming a transfer member suitable for use with an image forming system. The method includes coating an ultraviolet (UV) curable mixture comprising a chlorinated polyester resin, a reactive diluent, conductive species and a photoinitiator on a substrate. The UV curable mixture is cured with ultraviolet energy. The cured mixture is then removed from the substrate.

Abstract: Curable coating composition suitable for use on composite substrates such as plastic composites, cementitious composites, ceramic composites, and engineered wood, or on plastic materials. The curable coating composition comprises a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. Also disclosed is a method of coating the substrates with the curable coating composition and a coated substrate wherein the cured coating resides on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making an industrial fabric including the steps of applying a radiation-curable powder onto the surface of a fabric, melting the radiation-curable powder such that the powder forms a layer on the fabric surface and directing radiation at this surface layer so as to cure the constituent material of the surface layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for coating a plant propagation material, including a seed, comprising: a.) providing a propagation material, such as seed, to be coated; b.) applying to the propagation material a composition comprising at least one reactant having reactive functionality and, optionally, at least one active ingredient; and c.) polymerising, crosslinking, curing or otherwise reacting the reactant having reactive functionality on the surface of the plant propagation material to form a coating thereon which may encompass an a.i., when present. The present invention further provides a method for enhancing the safety, quality and/or viability of a plant propagation material, including a seed, comprising providing a coated material having less dust-off.

Abstract: The present invention provides block copolymer films for application to surfaces exposed to marine environments in order to reduce biofouling of surfaces immersed in the marine environment. The present invention provides a method of fabricating block copolymer films using morphology trapping by lower temperature treatment in conjunction with solvent and or temperature annealing. The present invention inhibits the attachment of marine organisms, but it does not kill the organisms nor is it highly toxic. Cross-linked AB diblock or higher block copolymers, where A and B and any additional blocks if present have different hydrophobicity i.e. A is hydrophobic and B is hydrophilic, mixed with a photo-initiator films that preserve their nanosize domains when immersed in water. The block copolymer films inhibit settlement of marine organisms and can be used as marine antifouling coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying a photo-activated layered polymer coating to a substrate material in which one or more layers do not contain photoinitiator, or are not exposed to initiating light, but cure due to migration of cationic active centers. At least two separate monomer layers are applied to the substrate material. At least one of the monomer layers includes a photoinitiator capable of producing cationic active centers. The at least one layer including the photoinitiator is exposed to a source of UV radiation at a desired wavelength forming cationic active centers. The at least two separate monomer layers react in a polymerization reaction forming a cured layered material. The cationic active centers of the exposed monomer layer migrate to the unexposed layer such that both layers cure via the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: This invention concerns photopolymerizable systems containing ethylenically unsaturated reactive oligomers and/or monomers comprising at least one photoinitiator and at least one coinitiator having low-extractability and low-volatility; the photopolymerizable systems of the invention are particularly suited for the preparation of food-packaging coatings.

Abstract: A photocurable resin composition is provided that exhibits an excellent storage stability, that can be easily cured by ultraviolet radiation, and that cures to form a cured film that exhibits an excellent ultraviolet absorbing performance at around the 300 nm wavelength, an excellent physical strength, an excellent stain resistance, an excellent film uniformity, and an excellent adherence by the film. This photocurable resin composition comprises the following components (A) to (E): (A) 100 weight parts of a multifunctional acrylate or a multifunctional methacrylate, (B) 1 to 100 weight parts of an aliphatically unsaturated bond-containing organoalkoxysilane, (C) 1 to 300 weight parts colloidal silica, (D) 0.01 to 20 weight parts of an ultraviolet absorber that has an absorption wavelength at 220 to 400 nm, and (E) 0.01 to 30 weight parts of a photopolymerization initiator that has an absorption wavelength at 300 to 450 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylic release agent precursor, which makes it possible to prepare an acrylic release agent efficiently as much as possible in a comparatively small ultraviolet dose, regardless of the component. An acrylic release agent precursor which contains a poly(meth)acrylate ester having a group capable of being activated by ultraviolet radiation and has a storage elastic modulus of 1×102 to 3×106 Pa at 20° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, wherein said precursor, after irradiation with ultraviolet radiation, has a contact angle of 15° or more to a mixed solution of methanol and water (volume ratio of 90/10) having wetting tension of 25.4 N/m.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a process for forming a reinforced ultraviolet (UV) radiation-curable composite. The composite may be formed by applying reinforcing layers and resin layers to a substrate. The resin composition may include an aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, a polyfunctional acrylate monomer, and a photoinitiator. The composite formed on the substrate may be exposed to UV radiation to cure the composite on the substrate. The composite may be characterized in that it is cured within 10 minutes of exposure to UV radiation and does not exhibit oxygen inhibition effects, such as, for example, surface tack. The reinforced UV-curable composite may find utility, for example, as a rapid field repair patch in aerospace applications, among others.

Abstract: A thermosensitive light-adjusting material is formed by reacting 18-84% polymer polyols and/or terminal hydroxyl-containing polymers which are formed by reacting polymer polyols and diisocyanate, with 15-80% terminal hydroxy-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers through light or heat polymerization reaction. A process for preparing the thermosensitive light-adjusting material and an optical device comprising thereof. The light-adjusting ability is high, the light-adjusting range is broad, and mechanical capability is good. The preparation method is simple, short-circle, and high effective, so it can be applied in industry, furthermore, because of no organic solvents, the method's advantages are low cost and without pollution.

Abstract: An autoxidisable architectural coating composition suitable for application to surfaces found in and around buildings at ambient temperatures and in natural daylight wherein surface autoxidation of the composition is promoted by a combination of low concentrations of metal ions (especially manganese or vanadium) and 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one as photoinitiator. The composition avoids the need to use more than trace amounts cobalt ions which are rumoured to be carcinogenic yet achieves adequately fast rates of autoxidation. Preferably the use of cobalt is avoided altogether. The use of the low concentrations of the other metal ions reduces discoloration of the compositions often to levels below what is achieved using conventional cobalt promoters. Also a modification in which surface autoxidation is promoted by a combination of 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and trace amounts of cobalt ions in the absence of other surface autoxidation promoting metal ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder compositions curable by ultraviolet irradiation or by accelerated electron beams. These powder compositions comprise at least one ethylenically unsaturated resin, and lend to the production of paint and varnish coatings exhibiting a unique combination of properties, inter alia good flow and mechanical properties and above all outstanding adhesion to metal substrates, persisting on ageing.

Abstract: A method of forming transflective LCD panel includes forming a compensation material having reactive liquid crystal monomers, thermal initiators and a solvent on a first substrate. Then, a first heating process is performed on the compensation material to remove parts of the solvent and then a photo-polymerizing process is performed, and parts of the compensation material disposed in a reflective region are turned into birefringent zones. Moreover, a second heating process is performed, in which the first substrate is kept in a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and thereafter nitrogen gas flows in to the chamber to form a non-oxygen condition. Accordingly, parts of the compensation material disposed in a transmission region are turned into isotropic zones. The predetermined temperature of the second heating process is higher than the cleaning point of the reactive liquid crystal monomers.

Abstract: A substantially colorless radiation overcoat composition suitable for overcoating ink-based images and xerographic-based images. The overcoat composition comprises at least one gellant, at least one monomer, at least one substantially non-yellowing photoinitiator, optionally a curable wax, and optionally a surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a UV curable composition comprising an acrylate component, comprising an acrylate-functionalized hydrogenated polybutadiene, and at least one mono-functional acrylate, and a photoinitiator combination triggered upon exposure to radiation at 365 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum comprising a bisacyl phosphine oxide and benzophenone, where when dispensed at a thickness of about 1 mm and exposed to UV radiation generated at a wavelength of 365 nm the composition cures through the thickness of the dispensed composition at a speed between 40 mm/sec to 100 mm/sec.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of strongly adherent coatings on an inorganic or organic substrate, wherein in a first step a) a low-temperature plasma, a corona discharge or a flame is caused to act on the inorganic or organic substrate, in a second step b) one or more defined photoinitiators or mixtures of defined photoinitiators with monomers, containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, or solutions, suspensions or emulsions of the afore-mentioned substances, are applied, preferably at normal pressure, to the inorganic or organic substrate, in a third step c) using suitable methods those afore-mentioned substances are dried and/or irradiated with electromagnetic waves and, optionally, in a fourth step d) on the substrate so pretreated is applied a further coating.

Abstract: In order to provide a process for curing a coating, in particular a radiation-curable coating, on a work piece, which allows coatings even on difficult to access regions of a three-dimensional work piece to be cured in a simple manner, it is proposed that the work piece is disposed in a plasma generation area, and that in the plasma generation area a plasma is generated, by means of which the coating is at least partially cured.

Abstract: Compositions containing (a) a liquid epoxy resin, (b) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary monoamine and/or an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic disecondary diamine, (c) a latent curing agent for the epoxy resin (a) which does not react until temperatures above 70° C. (measured by means of DSC at a heating rate of 10° C./min), (d) a photopolymerizable compound and (e) a photoinitiator, the ratio of the number of equivalents of epoxy groups to that of polymerizable groups being 1:0.01 to 1:0.7, are suitable as impregnating resins.

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymer particles with improved surface cross-linking for use in absorbent articles and a process for making the superabsorbent polymer particles. The superabsorbent polymer particles include a water-absorbing resin and the reaction product of a radiation activatable surface cross-linker. The reaction product of the radiation activatable surface cross-linker is present at surfaces of the superabsorbent polymer particles. The radiation activatable surface cross-linker includes at least two radiation activatable groups R, which are covalently bound to each other or to at least one spacer group S.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for fabricating an electroluminescent lamp that includes a step in which an electroluminescent active layer is formed by curing a UV curable electroluminescent composition. Embodiments of the method of the present invention in which each layer of a multilayer electroluminescent device are fabricated from UV curable compositions are also disclosed. A UV curable dielectric composition suitable for utilization in an electroluminescent lamp is also provided.

Abstract: This invention concerns photopolymerisable systems containing ethylenically unsaturated reactive oligomers and/or monomers comprising at least one photoinitiator and at least one coinitiator having low-extractability and low-volatility; the photopolymerisable systems of the invention are particularly suited for the preparation of food-packaging coatings.

Abstract: An ink composition of the present invention is disclosed, which contains (i) a sensitizing dye represented by the following Formula (I); (ii) at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of ?-aminoketones and acyl phosphine oxides; and (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing polymerizable compound. In Formula (I), X represents O, S or NR; n represents an integer of 0 or 1; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an acyl group; R1 to R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R1 and R2, R2 and R3, and R3 and R4 may be connected to each other to form a ring; and R5 or R6 may be connected to R7 or R8 to form an aliphatic ring but not to form an aromatic ring.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a coating on implantable medical devices including an interpenetrating polymer network that serves as a rate limiting barrier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a laminate that includes a) preparing an adhesive composition, where the preparing includes combining a first part that includes (meth)acrylate functional, polyisocyanate prepolymer, and polyisocyanate monomer, the first part including at least 10% by weight isocyanate functional groups, and a second part that includes polyol, at least one of the first part and the second part includes photoinitiator, b) coating a first flexible substrate with the adhesive composition, c) exposing the adhesive composition to radiation to partially cure the adhesive composition, and d) contacting the adhesive composition with a second flexible substrate.

Abstract: Solvent-free UV-curable polymer materials derived from miscible blends of reactive organic monomeric, oligomeric and low molecular polymeric systems and organic and inorganic fillers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and talc are provided to form polymer-filler composite compositions for use in the fabrication and repair of electronic components and microelectronic assembly processes. The composition contains a preformed thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer/oligomer with reactive end groups, a monofunctional and/or bifunctional acrylate monomer, a multifunctional (more than two reactive groups) acrylated/methacrylated monomer, a photoinitiator and a fluorocarbon polymer powder as an organic filler which is preferably PTFE and an inorganic filler such as talc. A nano-filler may also be used as the inorganic filler alone or in combination with another inorganic filler such as talc.

Abstract: Photo-curable coating formulations which comprise a durable and/or red-shifted reactable hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole ultraviolet light absorber (UVA) are effectively photocured employing a combination of ?-hydroxy ketone and bisacylphosphine oxide photoinitiators. The reactable UVA's are reacted into the coating upon curing. The combination of the photoinitiators bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone is especially effective for this purpose.

Abstract: A curable coating composition comprises (a) a component having an active methylene group and/or an active methane group, (b) a component having a methacrylate group and/or an acrylate group, (c) a Michael reaction catalyst, and (d) a photo-polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water soluble radiation activatable polymer resin formulations which are suitable to modify the absorption properties of fibrous materials and the polymer obtained by such radiation activatable polymer resins and the method of preparing such polymer. Fibrous materials made with radiation activatable resin formulations according to this invention are especially suitable for use in disposable absorbent articles.

Abstract: A wet-on-wet process for producing multicoat color and/or effect coating systems is disclosed. The process involves using aqueous functional coating materials comprising (A) at least one crosslinkable binder, (B) at least one separate, water-soluble and/or -dispersible crosslinking system which independently effects partial or complete crosslinking in and/or on the matrix of the wet, drying and/or dried films (2) of the aqueous functional coating materials before the binders (A) crosslink completely; and (C) at least one pigment.

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings having scratch-resistant durable surfaces, in which there is used a photocurable formulation comprising a surface-active photoinitiator, concentrated at the surface of the formulation, of formula (Ia) or (Ib), wherein R and R3 are, for example, a radical of formula (II); R1 is, for example, hydrogen, A1-X1- or a radical of formula (II); R2 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl or A2-X2-; R4 is, for example, hydrogen or A4-X4-; R5 is, for example, hydrogen or A5-X5- or is a radical of formula (II); R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are each independently of the others, for example, hydrogen, A-X- , A3-X3- or C1-C12alkyl; A, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are each independently of the others, for example, a surface-active radical of formula (III); n is a number from 1 to 1000, m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; R18, R19, R20, R21, G1 and G2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; and X, X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are, for example, a single bond.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for fabricating an electroluminescent lamp that includes a step in which an electroluminescent active layer is formed by curing a UV curable electroluminescent composition. Embodiments of the method of the present invention in which each layer of a multilayer electroluminescent device are fabricated from UV curable compositions are also disclosed. A UV curable dielectric composition suitable for utilization in an electroluminescent lamp is also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides novel methods for the formation of biocompatible membranes around biological materials using photopolymerization of water soluble molecules. The membranes can be used as a covering to encapsulate biological materials or biomedical devices, as a “glue” to cause more than one biological substance to adhere together, or as carriers for biologically active species. Several methods for forming these membranes are provided. Each of these methods utilizes a polymerization system containing water-soluble macromers, species, which are at once polymers and macromolecules capable of further polymerization. The macromers are polymerized using a photoinitiator (such as a dye), optionally a cocatalyst, optionally an accelerator, and radiation in the form of visible or long wavelength UV light. The reaction occurs either by suspension polymerization or by interfacial polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a photocurable composition that is combinable with a thermally curable clearcoat composition to form a dual curable composition that is useful for forming clearcoats with improved sag resistance. The photocurable composition of the invention includes at least one photocurable oligomer; a first photoinitiator that absorbs light in a first spectral region such that curing of the photocurable composition preferentially occurs near the surface of the of the coating; and a second photoinitiator that absorbs light in a second spectral region such that curing of the photocurable composition occurs throughout the coating. The present invention also provides a method of coating a substrate with a dual curable composition.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a decorative floor covering is provided in which the floor covering includes a backing layer, a substrate layer and a surface layer. The backing layer includes at least one of a foaming sub-layer, a mechanical foaming sub-layer and a sizing sub-layer. The surface layer includes at least one of a foaming sub-layer, a non-foaming sub-layer, a printing sub-layer and a skin sub-layer. The method for manufacture includes: (i) air-knife coating a surface treatment composition to a thickness of 10 to 40 ?m on the surface layer wherein the surface treatment composition includes an urethaneacrylate oligomer, an acrylate based monomer, acetophenone photoinitiator, a silicon additive and a matting agent, and (ii) curing the surface treatment composition at a line speed of 5 to 30 m/min using 4 to 8 lamps having an output of 200 to 300 watt/in2 with the strongest wavelength at 365 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating metallic surfaces by wetting one such surface with an aqueous dispersion containing, in addition to water, at least one UV-cross-linkable, water-soluble and/or water-dispersible resin, at least one wax as a deforming additive, at least one photoinitiator and at least one corrosion inhibitor. The coating is dried and hardened after being formed on the metallic surface. The invention is characterised in that the coating that is formed is up to 10 ?m thick when hard, and in that during a condensation water test according to DIN 50017 KFW carried out directly after over 240 hours, said coating shows no signs of corrosion >5% on a test surface having been deformed by a mandrel with a diameter of 3.2 mm to 38 mm during a mandrel bending test according to DIN ISO 6860 without cracking the test surface.

Abstract: Into a mixture solution 2 of a high-refractive-index photo-curable resin A and a low-refractive-index photo-curable resin B, light capable of curing only the resin A is led through an optical fiber 1 so that a cured resin 211 of the resin A having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of a core portion of the optical fiber is formed so as to extend from a tip of the optical fiber. Then, the residual mixture solution 2 is cured. In this manner, a module having the previously cured high-refractive-index resin 211 as an optical waveguide can be formed easily. On this occasion, the mixed state of the mixture solution 2 can be kept good enough to facilitate the formation of the high-refractive-index resin 211 when the solubility parameter ?A of the high-refractive-index photo-curable resin A and the solubility parameter ?B and volume fraction ?B of the low-refractive-index photo-curable resin B satisfy the following expression (4). |?A??B|<?7.5?B+6.

Abstract: A method for producing a low-extractable film packaging from an actinic radiation curable aqueous composition containing a water soluble compound having at least one &agr;, &bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated, radiation polymerizable group and water as essential components carried out by applying the aqueous composition to a surface which is then irradiated in a single step with actinic radiation in the presence of the water thereby forming a cured film wherein less than 50 ppb of the water soluble compound or its residual components are extractable by a food simulant.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a decorative floor covering is provided in which the floor covering includes a backing layer, a substrate layer and a surface layer. The backing layer includes at least one of a foaming sub-layer, a mechanical foaming sub-layer and a sizing sub-layer. The surface layer includes at least one of a foaming sub-layer, a non-foaming sub-layer, a printing sub-layer and a skin sub-layer. The method for manufacture includes: (i) air-knife coating a surface treatment composition to a thickness of 10 to 40 &mgr;m on the surface layer wherein the surface treatment composition includes an urethaneacrylate oligomer, an acrylate based monomer, acetophenone photoinitiator, a silicon additive and a matting agent, and (ii) curing the surface treatment composition at a line speed of 5 to 30 m/min using 4 to 8 lamps having an output of 200 to 300 watt/in2 with the strongest wavelength at 365 nm.