Abstract: In an embodiment, the invention comprises a packaging structure comprising a cap layer which comprises post-consumer resin, at least one additional layer adjacent the first layer which comprises an alloy of: polyethylene terephthalate; a polyolefin; and at least one compatibilizer; a barrier coating adjacent the at least one additional layer and opposite the cap layer, wherein the barrier coating comprises a matrix of polyethyleneimine and polyvinyl alcohol and an overlacquer about the barrier coating. The methods of the invention may include co-extruding the cap layer and an alloy layer to form a co-extrudate; optionally, melt adhering the co-extrudate to another alloy layer to form a melt-adhered sheet; intermixing a solution of polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, and water to form a coating; applying the coating to the outermost alloy layer opposite the cap layer; drying the applied coating; applying an overlacquer about the coating; and drying the overlacquer.

Abstract: A memory stack structure including a memory film and a vertical semiconductor channel can be formed within each memory opening that extends through a stack including an alternating plurality of insulator layers and sacrificial material layers. After formation of backside recesses through removal of the sacrificial material layers selective to the insulator layers, a backside blocking dielectric layer is formed in the backside recesses and sidewalls of the memory stack structures. A metallic barrier material portion can be formed in each backside recess. A cobalt metal portion can be formed in each backside recess. Each backside recess can be filled with a portion of a backside blocking dielectric layer, a metallic barrier material portion, a cobalt metal portion, and a metallic material portion including a material other than cobalt.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves a method of fabricating a semiconductor device in a semiconductor technology node that is 5-nanometer or smaller. An opening is formed that extends through a plurality of layers over a substrate. A barrier layer is formed on surfaces of the opening. A liner layer is formed over the barrier layer in the opening. The barrier layer and the liner layer have different material compositions. The opening is filled with a non-copper metal material. The non-copper material is formed over the liner layer. In some embodiments, the non-copper metal material includes cobalt.

Abstract: A method of forming a copper wiring buried in a recess portion of a predetermined pattern formed in an interlayer insulation layer of a substrate is disclosed. The method includes: forming a manganese oxide film at least on a surface of the recess portion, the manganese oxide film serving as a self-aligned barrier film through reaction with the interlayer insulation layer; performing hydrogen radical treatment with respect to a surface of the manganese oxide film; placing a metal more active than ruthenium on the surface of the manganese oxide film after the hydrogen radical treatment; forming a ruthenium film on the surface where the metal more active than ruthenium is present; and forming a copper film on the ruthenium film by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to bury the copper film in the recess portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, includes: providing an adhesive layer on a support body; providing a semiconductor element on the adhesive layer; providing a resin layer on the adhesive layer, the semiconductor element being provided on the adhesive layer, and forming a substrate on the adhesive layer, the substrate including the semiconductor element and the resin layer; and removing the substrate from the adhesive layer, wherein an adhesive force of the adhesive layer in a direction in which the substrate is removed is less than an adhesive force of the adhesive layer in a planar direction in which the substrate is formed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes providing a substrate having one or more grooves formed therein. One or more coatings having one or more grooves formed therein are disposed on the substrate and in fluid communication with the one or more grooves in the substrate. A cover coating is disposed on a portion of an outermost surface of the one or more coatings, having one or more cooling outlets formed therein and in fluid communication with the one or more grooves in the one or more coatings. The substrate, the one or more coatings and the cover coating define therein a cooling network for cooling a component. A component having a cooling network defined therein a substrate, one or more coatings disposed on at least a portion of the substrate, and a cover coating disposed over at least a portion of an outermost coating of the one or more coatings.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a wavelength conversion device that is capable of suppressing unintended and random polarization reversal due to heating thereby achieving higher wavelength conversion efficiency. The method includes: forming an insulating layer on one place of a crystal substrate naturally and uniformly polarized in a thickness direction; forming an insulating layer pattern with line-and-space by photolithography; then supplying conductive fluid to both planes of the crystal substrate to apply voltage to the crystal substrate, thereby a wavelength conversion device that is periodically polarization-reversed is fabricated. When temperature of the crystal substrate decreases after heating, an ionizer supplies ions to a surface of the crystal substrate, negative ions collect on +z plane, and positive ion collect on ?z plane, thereby unintended and random polarization reversal is suppressed.

Abstract: An FPCB includes a flexible base, a wiring layer formed on a top surface of the base, a covering layer formed on the wiring layer, and a shielding layer formed on a portion of the covering layer. The wiring layer includes a grounding line. The covering layer defines an opening to expose the grounding line to the outside. A portion of the shielding layer fills into the opening. The shielding layer is electrically connected to the grounding line through the opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for depositing an anti-fouling top coat onto the outermost coating layer of a coated optical article, comprising the following steps: a) providing an optical article having two main faces, at least one of which being coated with an outermost layer; b) treating said outermost layer with energetic species resulting in surface physical attack and/or chemical modification; and c) vacuum evaporating a liquid coating material for an anti-fouling top coat by means of an evaporation device, resulting in the deposition of the evaporated coating material onto the treated outermost layer of the optical article, wherein prior to the vacuum evaporation step of the liquid coating material, said liquid coating material has been treated with energetic species.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a component and a fabricated component are disclosed. The method includes depositing a material to a component and manipulating the material to form a boundary region and a filler region for desired properties. The component includes the boundary region and the filler region, thereby having the desired properties.

Abstract: A method of repairing a component removes a prior coating from an underlying metal substrate. Small cooling air holes extend through the substrate and the coating that is to be removed. A new coating layer is placed on the metal substrate, and over the existing cooling air holes. The location of the cooling air holes is identified by inspecting the coated component for the location of indicators of the coating passing over the cooling air holes. The identified location of the indicators is used to control a cutting tool to remove any new coating from the cooling air holes. The basic method may also benefit new manufacture.

Abstract: The disclosed invention includes apparatus and methods that may be used for plasma-based deposition of thin layers of material on separate or continuous web substrates at very low temperatures with very low defect density. It achieves superior control of gas phase chemistry by controlling the sequence of introduction of gaseous components. It also has substantially independent control over the rate of chemical processes in the gas and of the amount of power and energy of ion bombardment. Such control enables high quality single and multi-layer films to be deposited cost effectively and uniformly over larger areas under very low temperature conditions.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the flowability of a powder. The powder is defined by a plurality of particles having an initial level of inter-particle forces between each particle. The method comprises: treating the powder, wherein the level of inter-particle forces between each particle is substantially decreased from the initial level; fluidizing the treated powder; flowing the treated powder into a plasma arc chamber; the plasma arc chamber generating a plasma arc; and the plasma arc chamber operating on the treated powder using the generated plasma arc. Preferably, the inter-particle forces are decreased by coating the particles with an organic surfactant.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes providing a substrate and forming one or more grooves into an outer surface of the substrate or into a coating layer disposed on the outer surface of the substrate and forming one or more grooves into an inner surface of the substrate or into a coating layer disposed on the inner surface of the substrate, to define one or more cooling grooves on the inner surface of the substrate. The method further includes applying a structural coating over at least one of a portion of the outer surface of the substrate or a portion of the coating disposed on the outer surface of the substrate to define one or more cooling channels on the outer surface of the substrate. A component is disclosed fabricated according to the method.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool of the present invention is used for friction stir welding, and includes: a base material; and a coating layer formed on a surface of at least a portion of the base material that is to be caused to contact workpieces during friction stir welding, the base material being formed of a cemented carbide, and the coating layer containing cubic WC1-x and being formed by electrical discharge machining.

Abstract: A patterned layer over a wafer is produced by depositing a print-patterned mask structure. Energized particles of a target material are deposited over the wafer and the print-patterned mask such that particles of said target material incident on the mask structure enter the mask structure body and minimally accumulate, if at all, on the surface of the mask structure, and otherwise the particles of target material accumulate as a generally uniform layer over the wafer. The print-patterned mask structure, including particles of target material therein, is removed leaving the generally uniform layer of target material as a patterned layer over the wafer.

Abstract: A transparent conducting glass includes a glass substrate and a conducting glue. The glass substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and defines a number of strip recesses on the first surface according to a circuit route. The conducting glue is infilled into the strip recesses and forms a circuit for transmitting signals.

Abstract: A coating material includes: (A) a compound of formula (I) Ra4-nSiXan??(I), wherein: Xa is a hydrolysable radical; Ra is a non-hydrolysable radical; n is 2, 3 or 4; (B) a compound of formula (II) wherein: Xb is a hydrolysable radical; Rb is a non-hydrolysable radical without an epoxide function, an acryloxy function, a methacryloxy function and an isocyanate function; Yb is a non-hydrolysable radical with a crosslinkable function; p is 2 or 3; q is 1 or 2; the sum of p and q is less than or equal to 4; (C) a crosslinking agent; (D) an organozirconium, organotitanium or organoaluminum compound containing hydrolysable organic radicals; (E) a hydrolysis catalyst; (F) crosslinkable prepolymers of epoxy and epoxysiloxane resins, (G) optional corrosion inhibitors; (H) optional compounds for reducing the reactivity of component (D); wherein n and the sum of p +q are not at the same time each 4.

Abstract: Method for increasing the adhesive power of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having an upper and a lower surface, wherein at least one surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is subjected to a physical process, said physical process being selected from among the group comprising corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, preliminary flame treatment, or plasma treatment.

Abstract: A component for use in a hot gas path of a turbomachine, and a method of constructing the same are disclosed. In an embodiment, the component includes an exterior wall substrate, wherein the exterior wall substrate includes an interior face and an exterior face, and a plurality of plateaus disposed on the exterior face. A plurality of cooling holes are formed, providing a fluid passageway between the interior face and the exterior face of the exterior wall substrate. Each cooling hole is disposed such that it passes through a plateau. A first coating layer is deposited over the exterior face of the exterior wall substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tubular elements, such as fuel assembly tubes, which are designed to be used in high pressure and high temperature water in nuclear reactors, such as pressurized water nuclear reactors. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance by depositing a protective coating having a depth of from about 5 to about 25 ?m on the surface of the tubular elements. The coating is provided by nitriding the tubular element at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 440° C. The nitridation of the tubular element can be carried out for a duration of from about 12 hours to about 40 hours.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective coating on a substrate comprising, applying a bond coating to the substrate, the bond coating having a first surface roughness, ionizing an inert gas which flows into the surface of the bond coating so as to impart a second surface roughness to the bond coating greater than the first surface roughness, wherein the inert gas is ionized and caused to flow into the surface of the bond coating by a reverse polarity current supplied to an electrode which removes at least one electron from the inert gas, and applying a top coating to the bond coating. Additionally, a method for preparing a surface to receive and adhere to a coating comprising roughening the surface to create a micro-roughening network on the surface. In addition, a method of improving strain tolerance and cyclic spallation life of a protective coating.

Abstract: In a method for producing a starting material (M, N, N?) for the production of a wear layer (420), a coating (40) with a composition which corresponds to that of the wear layer (420) which is to be produced is chemically undissolved from its substrate (30) and is detached as a solid body, and that the starting material (M, N, N?) is formed by the layer material (60) of the detached coating (40).

Abstract: Methods for making a bearing are disclosed, wherein the bearing includes a substratum and a self-lubricating surface coating composition. The self-lubricating surface coating composition further includes at least one cured thermosetting acrylate and at least one phenolic resin. Methods includes the step of disposing the self-lubricating surface coating composition onto the substratum.

Abstract: A method for the production of a brake disc from a basic body (1), which has a friction ring surface (2). The method includes the steps of the provision of the basic body (1) and the roughening of the friction ring surface (2) by directing an electron beam (5) at the friction ring surface (2). A defined quantity of recesses (3) per mm2 of the friction ring surface (2) is created in the friction ring surface (2). The arrangement of the recesses (3) with respect to one another is predetermined and each recess (3) has a predetermined depth and shape. Then a coating (4) is applied to the friction ring surface without the implementation of an chemical etching step. Furthermore, the invention discloses a corresponding brake disc.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a component having increased thermal conductivity through layer-by-layer construction. At least one section of the component is constructed by applying a layer section having predetermined dimensions of a composite material of a metal and/or a metal alloy and particles of a highly heat-conducting material, including diamond and/or cubic boron nitride, in a predetermined area on a base layer by melting the metal or the metal alloy a heat source, in such a way that the metal and/or metal alloy form(s) within the predetermined dimensions a cohesive matrix, in which particles of the highly heat-conducting material are embedded, and then cooling.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermal barrier coated article including the steps of: a) forming an article having a first surface and a second surface, the article having a plurality of projections extending from the first surface in a direction away from the first surface and away from the second surface, each projection having a first end adjacent the first surface and a second end remote from the first surface, b) depositing a thermal barrier coating on the first surface of the article around each of the projections and on the second ends of the projections, c) removing the thermal barrier coating from the second ends of the projections, and d) forming at least one passage through each projection extending from the second surface of the article through the article and through the respective projection to the second end of the respective projection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymeric electret film as well as the method of manufacturing the same. The polymeric electret film comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene film and an electrode layer. The polytetrafluoroethylene film includes a porous layer, which has a porous structure. The porous structure has a pore diameter ranging between 0.01 ?m and 5.0 ?m and has a porosity ranging between 20% and 95%. The polytetrafluoroethylene film has a thickness ranging between 1 ?m and 50 ?m, and is preferably made of expanded porous polytetrafluoroethylene. The polymeric electret film has a surface potential ranging between 0.1 V and 1000 V.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component includes a wall with an inner face and an outer skin. A plurality of cooling air holes extend from the inner face to the outer skin. The cooling holes include an inlet merging into a metering section, and a diffusion section downstream of the metering section, and extend to an outlet at the outer skin. The diffusion section includes a plurality of lobes. A coating layer is formed on the outer skin, with at least a portion of the plurality of lobes formed within the thermal barrier coating. A method of forming such a component is also disclosed.

Abstract: High-surface-area carbon nanostructures coated with a smooth and conformal submonolayer-to-multilayer thin metal films and their method of manufacture are described. The manufacturing process may involve initial oxidation of the carbon nanostructures followed by immersion in a solution with the desired pH to create negative surface dipoles. The nanostructures are subsequently immersed in an alkaline solution containing non-noble metal ions which adsorb at surface reaction sites. The metal ions are then reduced via chemical or electrical means and the nanostructures are exposed to a solution containing a salt of one or more noble metals which replace adsorbed non-noble surface metal atoms by galvanic displacement. Subsequent film growth may be performed via the initial quasi-underpotential deposition of a non-noble metal followed by immersion in a solution comprising a more noble metal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a porous device with restrictive layer comprises the steps of providing a porous structure having a micro pore structure, flattening the porous carrier to form a surface, and forming a restrictive layer on the surface of the porous carrier, a method for manufacturing said restrictive layer includes forming a nickel-chromium alloy layer on the surface of the porous carrier, forming a copper metal layer on the nickel-chromium alloy layer, forming a nickel metal layer having a top surface on the copper metal layer, and processing said nickel-chromium alloy layer, said copper metal layer and said nickel metal layer to form a plurality of channels communicating with the micro pore structure and the top surface. The restrictive effect and damping effect can raise anti-vibration ability of the porous device itself by formation of dual restrictive structure composed of the micro pore structure and the channels.

Abstract: A continuous method for applying coatings to a metal, specifically a metal sheet roll, tape, or any metallic component, which comprises cleaning and heating the metal sheet to a preset temperature and then apply a coating of paint or varnish, which is quickly cured, as the soluble is evaporated by direct contact with hot metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making a substrate coated with a mesoporous photochromic film, comprising: a) preparing a precursor sol of a mesoporous film comprising an inorganic precursor agent, at least one organic solvent, water, at least one pore-forming agent and one hydrophobic precursor agent bearing at least one hydrophobic group; b) depositing a film of the precursor sol onto a main surface of a substrate; c) removing the pore-forming agent from the film resulting from the previous step at a temperature ?150° C.; d) impregnating the mesoporous film resulting from step c) with a solution comprising at least one photochromic agent. In an alternative embodiment, the photochromic agent is directly introduced into the precursor sol. In an alternative embodiment of the previous alternative embodiment, the precursor sol does not comprise any hydrophobic precursor agent but the photochromic film is made hydrophobic by a treatment subsequent to its preparation.

Abstract: A method for preparing a surface modification coating of metal bipolar plates is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: providing a substrate; pre-treating the substrate by processing the substrate, depositing a Ni-layer on the substrate, or a combination thereof, to form an activated layer on the surface of the substrate; packing the substrate in a powder mixture containing a permeated master metal, an activator, and filler powder; and heat-treating the packing to allow the permeated master metal to diffuse into the activated layer and then to form a surface modification coating. The permeation rate of the permeated master metal can be increased due to the activated layer having a high defect concentration. Hence, it is possible to prepare a surface modification coating at a low temperature. The surface modification coating of the present invention can also decrease the interface contact resistance between the bipolar plates and gas diffusion layers.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes forming one or more grooves in a component that comprises a substrate with an outer surface. The substrate has at least one interior space. Each groove extends at least partially along the substrate and has a base and a top. The manufacturing method further includes applying a structural coating on at least a portion of the substrate and processing at least a portion of the surface of the structural coating so as to plastically deform the structural coating at least in the vicinity of the top of a respective groove, such that a gap across the top of the groove is reduced. A component is also disclosed and includes a structural coating disposed on at least a portion of a substrate, where the surface of the structural coating is faceted in the vicinity of the respective groove.

Abstract: High-surface-area carbon nanostructures coated with a smooth and conformal submonolayer-to-multilayer thin metal films and their method of manufacture are described. The preferred manufacturing process involves the initial oxidation of the carbon nanostructures followed by immersion in a solution with the desired pH to create negative surface dipoles. The nanostructures are subsequently immersed in an alkaline solution containing non-noble metal ions which adsorb at surface reaction sites. The metal ions are then reduced via chemical or electrical means and the nanostructures are exposed to a solution containing a salt of one or more noble metals which replace adsorbed non-noble surface metal atoms by galvanic displacement. Subsequent film growth may be performed via the initial quasi-underpotential deposition of a non-noble metal followed by immersion in a solution comprising a more noble metal.

Abstract: An exemplary method for manufacturing a circuit board includes, firstly, obtaining an insulating substrate, liquid heat-curable adhesive and electrically conductive particles. The electrically conductive particles are added into the liquid heat-curable adhesive. The electrically conductive particles in the heat-curable adhesive are activated by electrical discharge. Secondly, the liquid heat-curable adhesive having activated electrically conductive particles are spread on the insulating substrate to form a heat-curable adhesive layer on the insulating substrate. Thirdly, the heat-curable adhesive layer are exposed to the mid-infrared light by using a photo-mask, the photo-mask has a pattern corresponding to a desired circuit pattern of the circuit board. The electrically conductive particles relocated themselves one by one to form the circuit pattern under irradiation by the mid-infrared light. Finally, the heat-curable adhesive layer are hardening.

Abstract: A method of bonding a metal to a substrate involves forming a plurality of nano-features in a surface of the substrate, where each nano-feature is chosen from a nano-pore and/or a nano-crevice. In a molten state, the metal is over-cast onto the substrate surface, and penetrates the nano-features. Upon cooling, the metal is solidified inside the nano-features, where the solidification of the metal forms a mechanical interlock between the over-cast metal and the substrate.

Abstract: A method for closing a hole with a coating is provided. The method comprises attaching the subject body to an electric spark machine as a workpiece; bringing an electrode of a powder including an electrically conductive substance close to the subject body so as to lap the electrode over the hole; applying a voltage between the electrode and the subject body so as to generate electric discharge repetitiously to cause a coating closing the hole to grow from a periphery of the hole; and machining an edge of the hole before applying the voltage, or the coating along the edge of the hole during repetition of applying the voltage, to give a bevel.

Abstract: A component is disclosed. The component comprises a substrate comprising an outer surface and an inner surface, where the inner surface defines at least one hollow, interior space, where the outer surface defines one or more grooves, and where each of the one or more grooves extends at least partially along the surface of the substrate and has a base. One or more access holes extend through the base of a respective groove to place the groove in fluid communication with respective ones of the at least one hollow interior space. The component further comprises a coating disposed over at least a portion of the substrate surface, where the coating comprises one or more layers. At least one of the layers defines one or more permeable slots, such that the respective layer does not completely bridge each of the one or more grooves. The grooves and the coating together define one or more channels for cooling the component. Methods for fabricating and coating a component are also provided.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide materials, methods, and systems for a fuser member used in electrophotographic devices and processes, wherein the fuser member can include a coating material containing a plurality of nanoceram fibers dispersed in a polymer matrix for providing a desired gloss level of fused toner images.

Abstract: Liquid aluminum is sprayed as a fine mist onto an alloyed iron article to produce a thin tenacious non-corrodible layer. In some embodiments, air is heated and delivered through insulated tubing to a container having solid aluminum therein. In some embodiments the air is heated by an electric induction coil. In some embodiments, the container is heated independently of the heated air. In some embodiments, the container is heated by an electric induction coil.

Abstract: Performance, properties and stability of bifunctional air electrodes may be improved by using modified current collectors, and improving water wettability of air electrode structures. This invention provides information on creating non-corroding, electrically rechargeable, bifunctional air electrodes. In some embodiments, this bifunctional air electrode includes a corrosion-resistant outer layer and an electrically conductive inner layer. In some embodiments, this bifunctional air electrode includes titanium suboxides formed by reducing titanium dioxide. Titanium suboxides may be corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a powder coating method and paint thereof. First, a metal object is applied a voltage. Second, paint is rubbed to carry a static charge, wherein the static charge is opposite to the voltage applied to the metal object. The statically charged paint is then sprayed from a nozzle to the metal object to form a coating covering the metal object surface. The paint composition includes 90 to 99.9 parts by weight of a resin matrix, and 10 to 0.1 parts by weight of a carbon nanocapsule evenly dispersed in the resin matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a powder coating method and paint thereof. First, a metal object is applied a voltage. Second, paint is rubbed to carry a static charge, wherein the static charge is opposite to the voltage applied to the metal object. The statically charged paint is then sprayed from a nozzle to the metal object to form a coating covering the metal object surface. The paint composition includes 90 to 99.9 parts by weight of a resin matrix, and 10 to 0.1 parts by weight of a carbon nanocapsule evenly dispersed in the resin matrix.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrically conductive thin film on a substrate is disclosed. Initially, a reducible metal compound and a reducing agent are dispersed in a liquid. The dispersion is then deposited on a substrate as a thin film. The thin film along with the substrate is subsequently exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic emission to chemically react with the reducible metal compound and the reducing agent such that the thin film becomes electrically conductive.

Abstract: The present invention provides efficient methods for producing a superhydrophobic carbon nanotube (CNT) array. The methods comprise providing a vertically aligned CNT array and performing vacuum pyrolysis on the CNT array to produce a superhydrophobic CNT array. These methods have several advantages over the prior art, such as operational simplicity and efficiency. The invention also relates to superhydrophobic CNT arrays.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a substrate containing a metal-containing barrier layer having an oxidized surface layer, exposing the oxidized surface layer to a flow of a first process gas containing plasma-excited argon gas to activate the oxidized surface layer and applying substrate bias power during the exposing of the oxidized surface layer to the flow of the first process gas. The method further includes exposing the activated oxidized surface layer to a second process gas containing non-plasma-excited hydrogen gas, wherein the exposure to the first process gas, in addition to activating the oxidized surface layer, facilitates chemical reduction of the activated oxidized surface layer by the second process gas containing the hydrogen gas. A thickness of the metal-containing barrier layer is not substantially changed by the hybrid in-situ dry cleaning process.

Abstract: A hollow carbon sphere having a carbon shell and an inner core is disclosed. The hollow carbon sphere has a total volume that is equal to a volume of the carbon shell plus an inner free volume within the carbon shell. The inner free volume is at least 25% of the total volume. In some instances, a nominal diameter of the hollow carbon sphere is between 10 and 180 nanometers.

Abstract: A coated material for a cutting tool can realize long life-time under severe cutting processing conditions such as high-speed processing, high-feed-rate processing, higher hardness of a material to be cut, cutting of a difficult-to-cut material, etc. In a coated material in which a coating is coated on the surface of a substrate, at least one layer of the coating is a hard film having a cubic metallic compound which includes at least one metal element M selected from Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W, and at least one element selected from C, N and O. An X-ray intensity distribution of an ? axis in a pole figure for a (111) plane of the hard film has a maximum intensity in an ? angle range of 75 to 90°, and an X-ray intensity distribution of an ? axis in a pole figure for a (220) plane of the hard film has a maximum intensity in an ? angle range of 75 to 90°.