Abstract: Hybrid coating systems include an electrospark deposition device having an electrode that deposits a coating on a substrate and a laser that produces a laser beam directed towards at least a portion of the coating as the coating is deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrical-discharge surface-treatment method is molded with a metallic powder or a metallic compound powder having an average grain diameter of 6 micrometers to 10 micrometers. A coat on a surface of a workpiece is formed with a material constituting the electrode or a substance that is generated by a reaction of the material due to a pulse-like electrical discharge. The coat is built up with a material containing metal as a main constituent under conditions of a width of a current pulse for the pulse-like electrical discharge in a range of 50 microseconds to 500 microseconds and a peak of the current pulse equal to or less than 30 amperes.

Abstract: A method of providing an oxidation resistant coating is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate having a first surface and cooling holes. A portable coating device includes electro-spark deposition (ESD) equipment and an ESD torch connected with the ESD equipment. The ESD torch has an inert gas source and a rotary electrode conductive material. The rotary electrode is positioned within the ESD torch, and is shielded by an inert gas. The rotary electrode applies a compositionally controlled protective coating to the first surface of the substrate. Then the rotary electrode is inserted into the cooling hole and generates an electrospark between rotary ESD electrode and the substrate to form a rounded edge and deposit a coating of electrode material alloy at a cooling hole edge.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a hydrogen permeation barrier comprises the steps of a) depositing on a substrate (SUB) a layer system (LS) comprising at least one layer (L1,L2,L3); characterized in that step a) comprises the step of b) depositing at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) comprising an at least ternary oxide. The apparatus comprises a sealable volume and a wall forming at least a portion of a boundary limiting said volume, wherein said wall comprises a hydrogen permeation barrier comprising a layer system (LS) comprising at least one layer, wherein said layer system comprises at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) comprising an at least ternary oxide. Preferably, said at least ternary oxide is substantially composed of Al, Cr and O, and said depositing said at least one hydrogen barrier layer (HPBL) is carried out using a physical vapor deposition method, in particular a cathodic arc evaporation method.

Abstract: A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a SiOx (0.5?x?1.5) compound including crystalline Si, and a SiCy, (0.5?y?1.5) compound including crystalline carbon. The negative active material may be used in a rechargeable lithium battery to achieve high capacity and good cycle-life characteristics.

Abstract: An electrospark deposition electrode and an associated method for depositing coatings using the electrode are provided. The electrode includes a powder of a first metal and a powder of a second metal. The second metal is a braze alloy including nickel, the second metal having a lower melting point than the first metal. The powder of the first metal and the powder of the second metal are sintered together to form the electrode so that the powders are comingled but not combined within the electrode. The method includes depositing a layer of the first metal onto the substrate using an electrospark deposition process.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool having excellent fracture resistance and wear resistance is provided. In the surface-coated cutting tool having at least a hard coating layer made of an (Al, Cr)N layer with a layer thickness of 0.5 ?m to 10 ?m formed to coat on the surface of a cutting tool body made of a WC cemented carbide, pores and droplets are dispersed and distributed in the (Al, Cr)N layer, the occupied area ratio of the pores and the occupied area ratio of the droplets in a cross-section of the (Al, Cr)N layer are 0.5 to 1 area % and 2 to 4 area % respectively, and, furthermore, out of the droplets, Al-rich droplets having a higher Al content ratio than the average Al content ratio of the (Al, Cr)N layer occupy 20 area % or more of the total droplet area.

Abstract: A plasma coating system includes at least one coating station with a first side and a second side defining a pathway with at least one bend. The coating station also includes a first plasma arc that provides a plasma jet directed towards a substrate. The first plasma arc is positioned on either the first side or the second side of the bend.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a protective coating against high-temperature oxidation on a surface of a refractory composite material based on silicon and niobium, wherein chromium present on the surface to be protected is reacted with a reactive gas which contains silicon and oxygen in order to produce a composite coating having two phases, a first phase of which is an oxide phase based on silica which has viscoplastic properties and a second phase of which is based on silicon, chromium and oxygen, and wherein the first phase and second phase are coalesced at high temperature, which allows a protective coating to be formed in which the second phase acts as a reservoir to reform, during operation, the first phase by means of reaction with an oxidising gas. The invention is preferably used in the field of aeronautical engines.

Abstract: A method for imparting wear- and corrosion-resistance to a metal component comprising overlaying the component with a ductile Co-based alloy comprising between about 0.12 wt % and about 0.7 wt % C, between about 20 wt % and about 30 wt % Cr, between about 10 wt % and about 15 wt % Mo, between about 1 wt % and about 4 wt % Ni, and balance of Co, without forming cracks during the alloy's solidification.

Abstract: A system and method for repairing a metal substrate includes an electrospark device and an electrode removably supported in the electrode holder. The electrospark device applies a coating of a material when placed into contact with the metal substrate. A cooling device to lowers the temperature of shielding gas flow below an ambient temperature. A conduit is arranged to direct a flow of the shielding gas to the interface of the electrode and the substrate to cool the area of the substrate receiving the coating.

Abstract: A method for forming protective coatings on equipment is disclosed. The coating is formed from a single-component Fe-based alloy composition comprising at least two refractory elements selected from Cr, V, Nb, Mo and W in an amount of up to 30% each and a total concentration of up to 40%. In one embodiment, the single-component coating layer is applied by thermal spraying, followed by heat treatment for at least a portion of the refractory elements to fuse into the substrate forming a metallurgical bond. The coating has an adhesion strength of at least 7,000 psi measured according to ASTM D4541. The coating is further characterized as being impermeable to corrosive environments showing no pin holes in the ferroxyl test according to ASTM A967 Practice E.

Abstract: There is an electrical discharge surface treatment method of forming a surface layer on a work piece surface by making pulsed electrical discharge repeatedly occur between a work piece (2) and an electrode (1) for electrical discharge surface treatment, for which a compact formed by powder obtained by mixing 20 wt % or more of silicon with powder of a hard material or a solid body of silicon is used, so that the electrode material is moved to the work piece (2), including: a processing time decision step of observing an electrical discharge treatment surface formed on the work piece surface by the electrical discharge and deciding the electrical discharge surface treatment end time in a process where surface roughness formed by the electrical discharge on the electrical discharge treatment surface acquired from the observation result is increased and is then decreased.

Abstract: Durable nanoporous nanostructured materials that modify, eliminate and destroy biofilms that may develop due to the presence of bacteria, fungi and other microbes and method for making the same. Such nanoporous nanostructures may be deposited as coatings on a substrate and such coatings may include at least one nanopore and a plurality of nanoparticles which adhere to the substrate and/or other particles. The nanostructure can be produced using a single-sided electrode arrangement which is configured to produce an electrical arc or discharge at one end of an electrode and to emit the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles form a non-porous framework which delineates any nanopores and which can be deposited as one or more layers of nanothickness. Such nano structures may be resistant to removal from the substrate. Also described are testing methods and apparatus for the quick, accurate and simple evaluation of the efficacy of the antibiofilm properties of the nanoporous nano structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wear resistant coating suitable to be deposited on cutting tool inserts for chip forming metal machining. The coating comprises at least two layers with different grain size, but with essentially the same composition. The coating is deposited by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD).

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an Electron Impact (“EI”) or a Chemical Ionisation (“CI”) ion source, and the ion source includes a first coating or surface. The first coating or surface is formed of a metallic carbide, a metallic boride, a ceramic or DLC, or an ion-implanted transition metal.

Abstract: A thermochromic substrate that has a thermochromic thin film, and a method of manufacturing the same. The thermochromic substrate includes a base substrate, an oxide or nitride thin film formed on the base substrate, a vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film formed on the oxide or nitride thin film, and a photochromic thin film formed on the VO2 thin film.

Abstract: A method of depositing lithium-containing films on a battery substrate in a sputtering chamber is provided. At least one pair of sputtering targets that each comprise a lithium-containing sputtering member is provided in the sputtering chamber, the sputtering targets selected to each have a conductivity of at least about 5×10?6 S·cm?1. A substrate carrier holding at least one battery substrate is placed in the sputtering chamber. A pressure of sputtering gas is maintained in the sputtering chamber. The sputtering gas is energized by applying to the pair of sputtering targets, an electrical power at a frequency of from about 10 to about 100 kHz.

Abstract: A moving bed reactor system is provided. The system comprises at least one gas inlet, a distributor, a temperature control, a plurality of electrodes, and a spark control circuit. The spark control circuit drives the electrodes and generates a multi-arc discharge when the system is loaded with particles and a gas at approximately atmospheric pressure or greater is being pumped through the system. The multi-arc discharge is useful to create activated species which may improve the rate of a chemical reaction taking place in the moving bed reactor system.

Abstract: Forming a wear- and corrosion-resistant coating on an industrial component such as a chemical processing or nuclear power valve component by applying a cobalt-based dilution buffer layer to an iron-based substrate by slurry coating, and then applying by welding a cobalt-based build-up layer over the cobalt-based dilution buffer layer. An industrial component having a dilution buffer layer and a welding build-up layer thereover.

Abstract: A protecting coating for a copper substrate is disclosed. The coating comprises seed layer comprising titanium ions that forms an “alloy-like” structure with the copper substrate. The coating further comprises a first layer of carbon disposed on the seed layer comprising titanium ions. A second layer comprising titanium is disposed on the first layer of carbon, and a second layer of carbon is disposed on the second layer comprising titanium.

Abstract: A negative active material including: a composite including a matrix comprising silicon oxide, silicon carbide, and carbon and silicon particles dispersed in the matrix; and a carbon coating film formed on a surface of the composite, wherein an intensity ratio of a SiC peak to a Si peak in an X-ray diffraction spectrum is 1 or more, a method of preparing the negative active material, a negative electrode including the negative active material, and a lithium battery including the electrode.

Abstract: Provided herein are nanoparticulate coated structures and methods of making structures. The structures comprise a support element, a nanoparticulate layer, and a binder disposed on the support element, wherein the binder comprises an alkali silicate or borate. In addition, methods of making the structures and uses of the described structures are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface coating film for a forming machine, including: a substrate; a nitride layer on the substrate; a multilayered film layer deposited on the nitride layer by reaction of nitrogen (N) with a TiAl target and a Cr target; and a carbonitride layer deposited on the multilayered film layer by reaction of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) with a TiAl target and a Cr target.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film having excellent visibility and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The transparent conductive film having excellent visibility includes a transparent film; an undercoating layer formed on the transparent film; and a conductive layer formed on the undercoating layer, wherein the undercoating layer includes a first low refractive index layer formed of a material having an index of refraction of 1.4 to 1.46 at a lower side of the conductive layer, and a high refractive index layer formed of silicon oxynitride having an index of refraction of 1.7 to 2.0 between the first low refractive index layer and the transparent film.

Abstract: A wire-like spray material (4) based on an iron for electric arc wire spraying and also a functional layer (2) which can be produced therewith on a substrate (1). The functional layer (2) has good corrosion resistance towards diesel fuel having a high sulphur content.

Abstract: Enhanced corrosion resistance is achieved in a coating by using a germanium-containing precursor and hollow cathode techniques to form a first layer directly on the surface of a workpiece, prior to forming an outer layer, such as a layer of diamond-like carbon (DLC). The use of a germanium or germanium-carbide precursor reduces film stress and enables an increase in the thickness of the subsequently formed DLC. Germanium incorporation also reduces the porosity of the layer. In one embodiment, a cap layer containing germanium is added after the DLC in order to further reduce the susceptibility of the coating to chemical penetration from the top.

Abstract: An abrasive wear-resistant material includes a matrix and sintered and cast tungsten carbide granules. A device for use in drilling subterranean formations includes a first structure secured to a second structure with a bonding material. An abrasive wear-resistant material covers the bonding material. The first structure may include a drill bit body and the second structure may include a cutting element. A method for applying an abrasive wear-resistant material to a drill bit includes providing a bit, mixing sintered and cast tungsten carbide granules in a matrix material to provide a pre-application material, heating the pre-application material to melt the matrix material, applying the pre-application material to the bit, and solidifying the material. A method for securing a cutting element to a bit body includes providing an abrasive wear-resistant material to a surface of a drill bit that covers a brazing alloy disposed between the cutting element and the bit body.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to form a thick coat by an in-liquid pulsed electric discharge treatment, the electrode contains 40 volume % or more metallic material that is not carbonized or is hard to be carbonized.

Abstract: An objective is to provide an electrical-discharge surface-treatment electrode by which a high-coverage zinc coating film can be formed. The electrical-discharge surface-treatment electrode is made by uniformly distributing and compression-molding zinc-based powders including at least one of a pure-metal zinc powder and a metal zinc powder whose surface is oxidized, and zinc-oxide powders whose content rate ranges from 5 to 90 volume percent with respect to the zinc-based powders, to obtain a porosity ranging from 10 to 55 volume percent; then, the zinc coating film is formed using the electrical-discharge surface-treatment electrode.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a magnetic head includes at least one magnetic head element for reading from and/or writing to a magnetic medium, the element having an air bearing surface (ABS) facing toward a magnetic medium, an adhesive film including silicon nitride above the ABS having a characteristic of being formed under a water vapor partial pressure, and a protective film above the adhesive film, the protective film including carbon. Also, in another embodiment, a method includes forming an ABS of a magnetic head, the ABS being a surface of the magnetic head which is closest to a magnetic medium when in use, forming an adhesive film above the ABS of the magnetic head, the adhesive film being formed under a water vapor partial pressure, and forming a protective film above the adhesive film, the protective film including carbon.

Abstract: A method for arc spraying in which at least one wire-shaped spray filler material is melted in an arc by means of electric current and atomised by means of an atomising gas flow and applied in the form of a particle stream onto a workpiece, at least one wire-shaped spray filler material being preheated before the melting in the arc.

Abstract: A wear band for a well drill pipe which is made up of a coil spring sized to fit at the joint of the well drill pipe or casing. The inner surface of the coil spring includes a textured coating such as a carbide. The outer surface includes a plurality of hydrodynamic dimples defined therein, and preferably both the outer surface and the inner surface are adapted to resist corrosion. The abrasive coating preferably consists essentially of 95% tungsten carbide and a binder of 5% cobalt and coats an amount of the inner surface in the range of 50% to 100%. The hydrodynamic dimples are generally tear drop in shape to act as miniature fluid pumps. As a result, the wear band can be mechanically attached to the drill pipe while eliminating the need for metallurgically-welded hardbands and therefore unaffecting the drill pipe properties and dimensions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a component and a fabricated component are disclosed. The method includes depositing a material to a component and manipulating the material to form a boundary region and a filler region for desired properties. The component includes the boundary region and the filler region, thereby having the desired properties.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing electrodes for electrolysis, including the steps of forming an arc ion plating undercoating layer comprising valve metal or valve metal alloy including a crystalline tantalum component and a crystalline titanium component on the surface of the electrode substrate comprising valve metal or valve metal alloy, by an arc ion plating method; heat sintering the electrode substrate to transform only the tantalum component of the arc ion plating undercoating layer into an amorphous substance; and forming an electrode catalyst layer on the surface of the arc ion plating undercoating layer including the valve metal or valve metal alloy including the tantalum component transformed to the amorphous substance and the crystalline titanium component.

Abstract: A cylinder liner (20) comprises a substrate (24) and a germanium containing coating (22), typically a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating applied by a vapor deposition technique. The coating (22) may include a base layer (36), an intermediate layer (38), and a protective layer (40), each having a graded composition. The base layer (36) comprises, in weight percent (wt. %) of the base layer (36), 50.0 to 70.0 wt. % carbon, 30.0 to 50.0 wt. % silicon, and not greater than 20.0 wt. % germanium. The intermediate layer (38) comprises, in weight percent (wt. %) of the intermediate layer (38), 40.0 to 60.0 wt. % carbon, 15.0 to 35.0 wt. % silicon, and 15.0 to 35.0 wt. % germanium. The protective layer (40) includes, in weight percent (wt. %) of the protective layer (38), at least 90.0 wt. % carbon.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an ion source, which includes a coating or surface formed of a metallic carbide, a metallic boride, a ceramic or DLC, or an ion-implanted transition metal.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an Electron Impact (“EI”) or a Chemical Ionisation (“CI”) ion source, and the ion source includes a first coating or surface. The first coating or surface is formed of a metallic carbide, a metallic boride, a ceramic or DLC, or an ion-implanted transition metal.

Abstract: A method for simulating of the thickness of a coating which is placed onto a substrate surface is disclosed. The thickness is simulated using mass conservation principles. In a preferred embodiment at least one reference spray trial is performed, the correlation of a single spray profile to at least one spray process parameter is determined, the single spray profile is simulated using mass conservation principles to an incoming powder jet stream.

Abstract: To form a coating film having an excellent wear-resistant property in a temperature range from low temperature to high temperature a coating-film forming method includes a metal-powder producing step of producing a metal powder containing an element exhibiting a lubricating property when oxidized; an oxidizing step of oxidizing the metal powder so that an amount of oxygen contained in the metal powder is within 6 weight % to 14 weight %; and a coating-film forming step of forming a coating film on a material subject to a treatment, the coating film having such a composition that an area where an oxygen content is 3 weight % or less and an area where an oxygen content is 8 weight % or more are distributed in a unit area of the coating film when the metal powder is in a melted state or a semi-melted state, and an oxygen content of the entire coating film after the metal powder is melted or semi-melted being within 5 weight % to 9 weight %.

Abstract: An apparatus for the application of coatings in a vacuum comprising a plasma duct surrounded by a magnetic deflecting system communicating with a first plasma source and a coating chamber in which a substrate holder is arranged off of an optical axis of the plasma source, has at least one deflecting electrode mounted on one or more walls of the plasma duct. In one embodiment an isolated repelling or repelling electrode is positioned in the plasma duct downstream of the deflecting electrode where the tangential component of a deflecting magnetic field is strongest, connected to the positive pole of a current source which allows the isolated electrode current to be varied independently and increased above the level of the anode current. The deflecting electrode may serve as a getter pump to improve pumping efficiency and divert metal ions from the plasma flow.

Abstract: In a method for producing an inlet coating (21) on a surface of a turbomachine (10), an electric arc (37) is produced between a first electrode (31) having a first material and a second electrode (32) having a second material. A gas stream (42) is produced through the electric arc (37) onto the surface, which entrains the first material and the second material from the electric arc (37) and deposits them on the surface to form the inlet coating (21) or a precursor layer (22) of the inlet coating (21).

Abstract: A surface coating method for an exterior part includes positioning one or more exterior part preforms, which are objects to be surface-coated, within a deposition chamber capable of revolution and rotation; positioning one or more tablets containing a coating component on an evaporation device installed within an area surrounded by the revolution trace of the exterior part preforms; and depositing a coating layer to a surface of each of the exterior part preforms by evaporating the tablets while revolving and rotating the exterior part preforms. The surface coating method and device conduct the rotation and revolution of objects to be coated in while proceeding with a coating step, whereby an evaporated coating component can be uniformly diffused over the entire deposition chamber, and a uniform coating layer can be formed on the entire surface of each of the objects to be coated.

Abstract: A method for applying a non-magnetic, abrasive, wear-resistant hardfacing material to a surface of a drill string member includes providing a non-magnetic drill string member formed of a non-magnetic material, the drill string member having an outer surface. It also includes providing a non-magnetic hardfacing precursor material comprising a plurality of non-magnetic, sintered carbide pellets and a non-magnetic matrix material; heating a portion of the non-magnetic hardfacing precursor material to a temperature above the melting point of the matrix material to melt the matrix material. It further includes applying the molten non-magnetic matrix material and the plurality of non-magnetic, sintered carbide pellets to the exterior surface of the drill string member; and solidifying the molten non-magnetic matrix material to form a layer of a non-magnetic hardfacing material having a plurality of non-magnetic, sintered carbide pellets dispersed in the hardfacing material.

Abstract: A silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon thin film, a fabrication method thereof, and its use are disclosed. The silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon thin film comprises a chemical bond between carbon and silicon atoms present on a surface of the silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon thin film comprising silicon incorporated within and on the surface thereof with an atom providing hydrophilicity to the surface of the thin film on the surface of the thin film.

Abstract: A process is described for coating parts (1) made of an aluminium alloy, in particular made of a die-cast aluminium alloy, comprising the steps of; pre-treating the parts (1); washing the pre-treated parts (1); and depositing the parts on at least one first layer (3) and at least one second layer (5), each one of the first and the second layer (3, 5) being composed of a mixture of two constituents with variable relative molar fractions: 1) a metallic material, and 2) an oxide-based material of an element of Group IVA of the Periodic Table. A part (1) made of an aluminium alloy is further described, made through the above process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sputtering apparatus that can efficiently laminate thin films in a short time without lowering throughputs, and a manufacturing method of an electronic device. The sputtering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a rotatable substrate holder, four target holders obliquely arranged with respect to the substrate holder, and a first shutter and a second shutter that each are provided between the target holders and the substrate holder and have two holes arranged two-fold symmetrical with respect to a rotational axis X. Two of the four target holders are first group target holders arranged two-fold symmetrical with respect to the rotational axis X, and the other two target holders are second group target holders arranged between the first group target holders and two-fold symmetrical with respect to the rotational axis X.

Abstract: An electrode used in combination with an electric spark machine for surface treatment, is comprised of a mixed powder including a powder of aluminum at a ratio of 5-18 weight % to the total of the mixed powder or a powder of any metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and iron at a ratio of 5-40 weight % to the total of the mixed powder and a powder of titanium hydride, wherein the mixed powder is formed by molding and sintering into a structure so dimensioned as to be incorporated in the electric spark machine as an electrode therefor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of coating a substrate, with the method comprising: providing a substrate; dispersing nanodiamond powder in a liquid to provide a coating precursor; converting the liquid of the coating precursor to a vapor; introducing the coating precursor to a vapor deposition process; and operating the vapor deposition process to produce a nanocrystalline diamond-containing nanocomposite coating on the substrate, the nanocomposite coating produced using the coating precursor and comprising the nanodiamond particles.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for localized chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for localized growing for example for carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanowires, and oxidation using a heated tip or an array of heated tips to locally heat the area of interest. As the tips moved, material such as CNTs grows in the direction of movement. The Scanning Probe Growth (SPG) or nanoCVD technique has similarities to the CVD growth; however it allows for controlled synthesis and direction and eliminates the need for masks.