Abstract: Composite material for magnetooptic recording, comprising a thin layer deposited on a non-magnetic solid substrate. The said thin layer is a polycrystalline layer consisting of microcrystals having a structure of a vacant-site spinel ferrite, based on iron, cobalt and transition metals. By virtue of a particular process for producing the thin layers, enabling especially the size of the crystallites to be increased, it is possible to optimize the magnetic and magnetooptic properties and to obtain thin layers having, for example, a remanent Faraday rotation and a coercive field which are greater, respectively, than 1 degree per micron for the Faraday rotation and 1000 Oe for the coercive field.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a smooth and continuous pressure bonded layer of a material on a base substrate through the driving force of a pulsed laser. The method comprises the steps of selecting a laser absorptive material. Then applying thereto a thin layer of the material for pressure bonding to the base substrate. Next, placing the base substrate and the thin layer of material on the laser absorptive material in a vacuum, then placing the base substrate in close proximity to the thin layer of material. Finally, directing pulsed laser energy toward the laser absorptive material and the layer to be pressure bonded, whereby the laser energy is absorbed by the laser absorptive material causing heating and vaporization thereof to a controlled depth of the laser absorptive material, leaving remaining portions of the laser absorptive material unvaporized after the vaporization to act as a support for the material to be bonded.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the preparation and coating of the surface of a substrate by thermal projection, in which the surface of the substrate is progressively subjected to laser irradiation thereby at least partially to eliminate a superficial contaminating film on the surface of the substrate, and then there is projected by a thermal projection device a deposit material on the surface thus prepared immediately after the preparation. The surface of the substrate is subjected to successive laser and thermal projection treatments thereby to lay down on the surface a plurality of layers of deposit material. The substrate can be cylindrical, and can be rotated about its axis while continuously applying laser radiation and thermal projection thereto, with the substrate rotating in a direction such that the surface of the substrate is subjected first to laser radiation and subsequently to thermal projection. The laser is a pulsed laser.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for metal line deposition on a substrate. Laser ablation of a metal film coated on a first substrate removes metal ions from the film. The ions travel forward to a surface of a second substrate disposed opposite the metal film on the first substrate and are deposited on the second substrate. A positive electrode on the first substrate, a negative electrode on the second substrate, and a power supply create an electric field that is simultaneously applied across the first and second substrates. The positively charged ions in the second substrate migrate toward the negative electrode of the electric field, leaving a surplus of negatively charged ions at the surface of the second substrate. The negative ions in the second substrate electrostatically bond with the positively charged ablated metal ions, thereby assisting the bonding of metal lines to the substrate.

Abstract: An article having a slip-resistant surface and method of producing the same includes metallurgically bonding raised bead-like configurations of a compatible material at select locations on the article surface. The method includes injecting, substantially simultaneously with projecting a high power radiant energy beam, powder particles into a portion of the beam lying a distance away from the point of impingement on the surface portion of the article. The particles interact with the beam for a time period sufficient to cause at least partial melting of a substantial number of particles which are then transported to a selected point on the surface portion. The partially melted particles, along with completely and/or any substantially unmelted particles, are allowed to bond with the surface material thereby forming a raised configuration thereon. The process is repeated for forming another raised configuration at another selected location on the surface portion for thereby forming a slip-resistant article.

Abstract: Energy, such as from one or more lasers, is directed at the surface of a substrate to mobilize and vaporize a constituent element (e.g., carbide) within the substrate (e.g., steel). The vaporized constituent element is reacted by the energy to alter its physical structure (e.g., from carbon to diamond) to that of a composite material which is diffused back into the substrate as a composite material. An additional secondary element, which can be the same as or different from the constituent element, may optionally be directed (e.g., sprayed) onto the substrate to augment, enhance and/or modify the formation of the composite material, as well as to supply sufficient or additional material for fabricating one or more coatings on the surface of the substrate. The process can be carried out in an ambient environment (e.g., without a vacuum), and without pre-heating or post-cooling of the substrate.

Abstract: The output of a continuously pumped, Q-switched, Nd:YAG laser (10) is frequency converted to provide ultraviolet light (62) for plating internal wall surfaces (79, 126) of vias (72, 74) in multilayered electronic devices (80). The parameters of the output pulses (62) are selected to facilitate substantially uniform deposition of plating material particles explosively vaporized from a substrate (124) onto the internal wall surface (79, 126). These parameters typically include at least two of the following criteria: high average power of greater than about 100 milliwatts measured over the beam spot area, a temporal pulse width shorter than about 100 nanoseconds, a spot diameter of less than about 50 microns, and a repetition rate of greater than about one kilohertz.

Abstract: An iron-based heat-generating material excellent in oxidation resistance at an elevated temperature which comprises an iron-based alloy capable of generating heat by passing electricity therethrough and a coating of aluminum and oxygen formed on the surface of the alloy, the amount of the oxygen in the coating is less than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen in Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The material can be prepared by vacuum evaporation of Al onto the surface of the iron-based alloy wherein an oxygen partial pressure in a vacuum gaseous atmosphere for the vacuum evaporation is adjusted so that there is formed on the surface of the alloy a coating consisting of aluminum and oxygen, the amount of the oxygen in the coating being less than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen in Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. When the material is heated in ambient or oxidizing atmosphere, an outermost layer of the coating is rapidly converted to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a microporous, gas permeable electrode structure, and to a corresponding electrode structure. According to the method, on a substrate (2) by means of a vacuum evaporation process is formed a first microporous electrode layer (4) using an angle (.alpha.) between the substrate (2) and the evaporation source (1) smaller than 90.degree.. According to the invention, on the first microporous layer (4) is formed another microporous layer (5) of a precious metal using essentially the same evaporation angle (.alpha.) as in the fabrication step of the first microporous layer (4).

Abstract: A texture treatment for a carbon substrate of a magnetic disk or for a carbon overcoat layer of a magnetic disk is effective to prevent the generation of a stiction phenomenon between a magnetic head and the surface of a magnetic disk. The texture treatment for a carbon substrate or carbon overcoat of a magnetic disk involves the steps of: preparing the carbon disk surface; forming a catalytic material layer on the surface; and performing a heat treatment of the disks in an oxidizing atmosphere. Preferably, islands of catalytic material are formed on the surface by sputtering, and a laser heat treatment is used in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ultrafine particles of a compound composed of at least two elements on the surface of a substrate made of at least one material selected from the group including an organic material and an inorganic material, the method including: depositing a first element onto a surface of the substrate to provide a layer of particles of the first element; depositing successively at least one additional element onto the layer of the first element on the surface of the substrate to provide respective layers of particles of the at least one additional element, the successive depositions taking place at respective deposition rate ranges which are effective for forming a compound by spontaneously alloying the first element and the at least one additional element over a time period effective to provide a preselected area density; and reacting the layers of particles on the substrate at a reaction temperature ranging from below 32.degree. C. to -173.degree. C., and under a vacuum ranging from 10.sup.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for surface-modifying a fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article and a method for chemical plating the surface. The method for surface-modifying comprises irradiating the fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article with an ultraviolet laser beam having a wavelength of 250 nm or less, in the presence of hydrazine compound, to make a surface of the said fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article hydrophilic. The surface made being hydrophilic is made lipophilic by chemical treating with an organic acid anhydride. The method for chemical plating comprises chemical plating the surface made being hydrophilic by the above method for surface-modifying, to deposit a metal film on a surface of the fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article.

Abstract: A paper pulp defibering or refining plate in accordance with the invention comprises a comminuting surface having a large number of ridges separated by grooves. The plate body is made from a first material such as stainless steel or cast iron providing the overall mechanical strength of the plate in use. The upper part of the ridges is a layer of an abrasion resistant material based on grains of tungsten carbide bound in a metal alloy whose melting and brazing characteristics are appropriate to laser resurfacing on the plate body. The ridges are resurfaced successively by scanning a laser beam and a powder spray nozzle in one or more passes.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for metal line deposition on a substrate. Laser ablation of a metal film coated on a first substrate removes metal ions from the film. The ions travel forward to a surface of a second substrate disposed opposite the metal film on the first substrate and are deposited on the second substrate. A positive electrode on the first substrate, a negative electrode on the second substrate, and a power supply create an electric field that is simultaneously applied across the first and second substrates to bond the metal ions to the second substrate. Bonding is enhanced by repeated reflecting a laser beam through the second substrate to heat the second substrate. The laser beam is reflected between a reflector and the deposited metal line.

Abstract: Laser energy is used to make precursors of crystalline materials, such as diamond, by providing an environment in which optical radiation may be efficiently absorbed to create significant precursor concentrations. In some instances this process is augmented by evaporating or liquefying a sacrifice to induce heterogeneous nucleation. In other cases two chemically and spatially distinct plasmas are juxtaposed to initiate the required chemistry.

Abstract: A photoresist-free method for making patterned films of metal oxides, metals, or other metal containing compounds is described. The method involves applying an amorphous film of a metal complex to a substrate. The film may be conveniently applied by spin coating using standard industry techniques. The metal complex used is photoreactive and undergoes a low temperature chemical reaction in the presence of light of a suitable wavelength. The end product of the reactions depends upon the atmosphere in which the reactions take place. Metal oxide films may be made in air. Patterned films may be made by exposing only selected portions of the film to light. Patterns of two or more materials may be laid down from the same film by exposing different parts of the film to light in different atmospheres. The resulting patterned film is generally planar. Separate planarization steps are not generally required.

Abstract: Structures having a controlled three-dimensional geometry are deposited by lectrostatically focused deposition using charged particle beam and gaseous precursors, or polarizable precursors with or without a charged particle beam. At least one apertured electrode is electrically biased with respect to the substrate surface. The resulting electrostatic field and field gradient focuses the charged particle beam or polarizable gaseous precursor molecules, and controls the three-dimensional geometry of the deposited structure. By this method, an array including many deposited structures may be simultaneously deposited on a single substrate. Thus, the disclosed method provides a fact and simple way of fabricating one or more arrays of three-dimensional structures. The method is particularly useful in the fabrication of arrays of sharp-tipped, cone-shaped conductive structures, such as field emitter tips and contacts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process and apparatus for coating electrically conductive substrate with alkali metal by vacuum metallizing. Novel methods and apparatus are provided to protect the alkali metal surface against atmospheric degradation. The alkali metal coated substrate prepared according to this invention can be used as an anode in electrochemical batteries.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance inherent in stainless steel is further improved by a cladding layer provided on the surface thereof. The cladding layer is formed of a coating material which is applied onto the surface of the stainless steel and, then, burnt to be fused by laser beams. The coating material contains a larger amount of Cr than that of the stainless steel. The thus fused material and a fused portion of the stainless steel are mixed with each other to form the cladding layer of remarkable corrosion resistance due to a larger amount of Cr contained therein. The formation of the cladding layer on the inner surface of a small diameter pipe is enabled by a coating film shaping device which has a jig for shaping the applied material into a film of a uniform thickness and by a laser irradiation torch which has an arrangement for emitting the laser means radially outward from the inside of the pipe.

Abstract: A process for producing a nitrogen-alloyed stainless steel layer on steel by applying nitride containing mixed metal powder or stainless powder to the steel surface, and thereafter treating the steel with laser beams.

Abstract: In order to provide a process for applying structured layers of a functional structure of a semiconductor component, with which structured layers of a functional structure of a semiconductor component can be produced as simply as possible and with as little susceptibility as possible with respect to the quality of the semiconductor components, it is suggested that a material film be arranged above a surface region of a process substrate to be provided with the structured layer, that the material film be acted upon on its side remote from the process substrate by a focus of a laser beam located in a defined position corresponding to the structured layer to be produced and that with the laser beam in the region of the focus the material from the material film migrate to the surface region.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing composite magnetic component comprising: a magnetic member or a magnetic base member made of a magnetic material; and a non-magnetic region as a modified magnetic property section being provided in a portion of said magnetic member or magnetic base member in the entire thickness thereof and having a magnetic property modified though composition modified by means of irradiation of an energy beam.

Abstract: An oxide dispersion strengthened metal coating is applied to a substrate by positioning a laser spray apparatus over the substrate such that a laser in the spray apparatus forms a hot zone at a distance above the substrate sufficient to prevent the substrate from melting. An oxide dispersion strengthened metal powder coating material is injected into the hot zone to heat the coating material such that it will be in a plastic state when it impinges against the substrate. The coating material is then caused to impinge against the substrate to form a uniform coating on the substrate. The microstructure of the coating on the substrate is substantially identical to the coating material's microstructure before it is injected into the hot zone.

Abstract: An improved method for fabricating pyrolytic graphite sputtering targets with superior heat transfer ability, longer life, and maximum energy transmission. Anisotropic pyrolytic graphite is contoured and/or segmented to match the erosion profile of the sputter target and then oriented such that the graphite's high thermal conductivity planes are in maximum contact with a thermally conductive metal backing. The graphite contact surface is metallized, using high rate physical vapor deposition (HRPVD), with an aluminum coating and the thermally conductive metal backing is joined to the metallized graphite target by one of four low-temperature bonding methods; liquid-metal casting, powder metallurgy compaction, eutectic brazing, and laser welding.

Abstract: A laser ablation device for forming a thin film includes a vacuum chamber having a gas introduction port through which an oxidating gas is introduced into the chamber, and a light-transmittable section, a target holder disposed in the vacuum chamber for holding a target made of a film forming material of an oxide, an object holder confronting the target holder for holding an object on which the thin film is to be formed, a short wavelength laser which emits a first short wavelength laser light passing to the target in the vacuum chamber through the light-transmittable section from outside of the vacuum chamber, and a short wavelength laser light irradiating device for irradiating the object with a second short wavelength laser light passing into the vacuum chamber through the light-transmittable section from outside of the vacuum chamber. The second short wavelength laser light has an intensity lower than that of the first short wavelength laser light irradiating the target.

Abstract: A multi-layer wiring board where a plurality of wiring boards are laminated. The wiring board comprises a flexible insulating layer having a through hole and a wiring pattern formed on the flexible insulating layer. The wiring pattern is composed at least of two conductive layers. The first conductive layer formed on the insulating layer is made of a non-metallic conductor and the first wiring pattern is formed by a laser beam. The second conductive layer is an electroplated layer formed on the first wiring pattern. The first and second conductive layers have different reflectance for a beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the interconnection/repair of circuits on a transparent substrate at ambient temperature using laser induced chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for depositing a thin layer of a target material onto a substrate by illuminating the target material with at least one ring-shaped elliptical laser beam so that a ring-shaped deposition plume is emitted from the target material, and positioning the substrate to receive the emitted material. Concentric, ring-shaped elliptical laser beams are formed by use of a multi-faceted negative axicon.

Abstract: A coating of at least 71% by weight molybdenum as applied to the steel base body of a worm or screw for a plastifier or extruder for plastic materials and synthetic resin by introducing the coating material into a laser beam and directing the thus melted coating material and the laser beam onto the surface of the worm or screw to be coated. The melt-metallurgical bond is formed between the coating without distortion or crack formation of the base body.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance inherent in stainless steel is further improved by a cladding layer provided on the surface thereof. The cladding layer is formed of a coating material which is applied onto the surface of the stainless steel and, then, burnt to be fused by laser beams. The coating material contains a larger amount of Cr than that of the stainless steel. The thus fused material and a fused portion of the stainless steel are mixed with each other to form the cladding layer of remarkable corrosion resistance due to a larger amount of Cr contained therein. The formation of the cladding layer on the inner surface of a small diameter pipe is enabled by a coating film shaping device which has a jig for shaping the applied material into a film of a uniform thickness and by a laser irradiation torch which has an arrangement for emitting the laser means radially outward from the inside of the pipe.

Abstract: A method for providing a conductive metal deposit on the surface of a dielectric substrate by applying a composition comprising a mixture of a salt and amine or amide compound to the substrate and subjecting the composition to a continuous wavelength laser beam.

Abstract: A method of coating a notch in an "upsidedown Z-shape" part of nickel alloy, said notch being constituted by a rounded end wall in the hollow of the "upsidedown Z-shape" followed by a plane wall corresponding to the intermediate portion of the "upsidedown Z-shape" in which a plurality of layers of anti-wear metal material are deposited on said plane wall of the notch. Deposition is performed by a laser whose beam forms a constant angle with the jet of powder. While depositing the first layer the laser beam forms an angle .alpha..sub.1 of several tens of degrees with the normal to the plane wall. While depositing subsequent layers the laser beam initially forms an angle .alpha..sub.3 close to the normal to the rounded portion before being tilted up to the angle .alpha..sub.1, which it then retains throughout the remainder of the pass.

Abstract: A single step method of forming a composite of ductile niobium particles within a matrix of brittle niobium aluminum is taught. The method involves completely ablating the end of a rod of a niobium aluminum intermetallic with a laser beam to form a plume of vaporous and particulate material and depositing the ablated material on a receiving surface disposed proximate the rod end being ablated. A surface composite structure is formed in a single step and has ductile particles within a brittle matrix.

Abstract: Polymeric cyanoborane is volatilized, decomposed by thermal or microwave plasma energy, and deposited on a substrate as an amorphous film containing boron, nitrogen and carbon. Residual carbon present in the film is removed by ammonia treatment at an increased temperature, producing an adherent, essentially stoichiometric boron nitride film.

Abstract: Three-dimensional metal parts are fabricated by irradiating a thin layer of a mixture of metal powder and temperature equalization and unification vehicle to melt the metal powder and form a solid metal film. The vehicle also protects the molten metal from oxidation. The metal powder can contain an elemental metal or several metals, the vehicle can be an organic resin or an amalgam, and the irradiation can be selectively applied by a YAG laser.

Abstract: A method for producing high quality, thin layer films of inorganic compounds upon the surface of a substrate is disclosed. The method involves condensing a mixture of preselected molecular precursors on the surface of a substrate and subsequently inducing the formation of reactive species using high energy photon or charged particle irradiation. The reactive species react with one another to produce a film of the desired compound upon the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A local plating apparatus includes a fiber, a laser beam penetrating nozzle or a laser beam penetrating mask through which a laser beam can be directly irradiated on a portion to be plated when plating is conducted on the portion to be plated using a jet of plating solution. The apparatus enables a laser beam to reach the portion to be plated in a stable state, and ensures a high plating speed and uniform plating quality.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing a smooth continuous and adherent pressure bonded or cold welded layer of a metal containing composite on a base or target material through the driving force of a pulsed laser. The method includes the steps of selecting a laser transparent substrate, applying thereto a thin laser absorptive polymeric film characterized by a high optical coefficient of absorption to the wavelength of said laser, applying the metal containing composite to the absorptive polymeric film, and placing the base or target material in close proximity to said composite. The composite is a multilayered composite comprising laser absorptive polymer, gold, nickel and gold-flash, and the pulsed laser energy is directed through the transparent substrate toward said composite and is absorbed by the polymeric film causing heating and vaporization thereof while leaving portions of the polymeric film unvaporized.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for forming a metal coating on a substrate by applying an oxalate of a Group VIII element from the Periodic Table of the Elements to the substrate. The oxalate is selected so that it will decompose to a complex of a zero valent Group VIII element or a Group VIII element on exposure to an energy source. Microelectronic circuits, etch masks or metal contacts on superconductors can be formed by the method when the oxalate coating is exposed to an energy source through a mask or the energy source beamed at the oxalate to trace a pattern on it.The metal thus obtained can be subsequently coated by electroless compositions especially where the Group VIII element is a catalyst for electroless coatings such as palladium. Additionally, the metal coating may be coated by an electrolytic composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus by means of which a material is vaporized in a treatment chamber by means of an electron beam. Due to controlling the inhomogenity of power distribution over the working area of the beam it becomes possible to prevent local overheating of the target material and thus of a deformation of the target surface. This is realized by oscillating the beam around its working point. The amplitude of the oscillation is, thereby, of almost a few beam diameters and this oscillation is superimposed on the momentarily working position of the beam on the target.

Abstract: A structural component made of an iron-base alloy is protected against corrosion by a coating which is produced to have three layers. First, a primary coating or first layer is applied, and then a top coating or second layer is applied. An intermediate layer is formed by a reaction between the first and second layers. Specifically, the intermediate layer is formed after application of the primary coating and of the top coating, by a heat treatment within a reaction temperature range in which intermetallic nickel aluminum or cobalt aluminum compounds are formed. A fourth sealing coat is optional. The primary coating is a nickel or cobalt coating. The intermediate layer comprises intermetallic compounds of nickel aluminide or cobalt aluminide formed by the reaction. The top coating is an aluminum base or aluminum alloy base high-temperature lacquer including a binder. Such a combination coating is especially resistant to fretting, oxidation and etching corrosion.

Abstract: Precise, adherent deposits of a metal such as palladium are formed on an substrate such as polyimide, silicon dioxide, tantalum oxide and polyethylene terephthalate by contacting the substrate surface with a solution of the metal, and then exposing the surface through the solution to laser radiation characterized by a wavelength absorbable by the substrate and a power density and fluence effective to release electrons to promote deposition of the metal onto the substrate without thermal activation of the substrate or the solution.

Abstract: In forming a weld bead of pure copper on a ferroalloy base material by laying a powder of copper and melting the powder by a high density energy source such as laser beams, TIG arc or electron beams, the powder of copper is beforehand mixed with a powder of an auxiliary metal having a higher melting point than pure copper. In order to ensure the substantial purity in copper of the weld bead, the powder mixture should not include more than 16 wt % nickel.

Abstract: An amorphous magnetic film is produced by irradiating laser beams onto a magnetic metallic target and depositing an evaporated material on a substrate. During or after the evaporation process, the film formed on the substrate is annealed at a temperature lower than a crystallization temperature. The annealing process enables elimination of stresses from the film, thereby improving soft magnetic properties.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing process for laser ablation deposition (LAD) in which metal features are written from a source substrate onto a target substrate. The source substrate and target substrate are mounted in close proximity to one another within a vacuum chamber. A laser beam is scanned in a programmed sequence or selected pattern through a transparent target substrate and onto a metallic film formed on the source substrate. Ablation of the metal film and deposition onto the target substrate may be closely controlled by the laser being focused directly at the metal film on the source substrate and by the selection of a source substrate having a suitable thermal conductivity. The process may be further controlled by selective heating of the source substrate. The process can be used to ablate and deposit a single or multiple metal layers on the target substrate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming a ceramic coating on a substrate. A metal layer is placed onto the substrate by means such as sputtering. After a carbon-containing foil is applied to the metal-coated substrate, it is subjected to rapid omnidirectional compaction. The resulting product is a densified coated ceramic composition which exhibits improved mechanical properties.