Abstract: A vapor deposition metal mask includes a mask region including a plurality of mask holes. A connection portion of each mask hole located at a position other than the center of the mask region has a shape protruding inward of the mask hole along the entire circumference of the mask hole and is configured by a first section, which is a section closer to the center of the mask region and a second section, which is a section closer to one of the ends of the mask region. The distance between the first section and the reverse surface of the mask region is a first step height. The first step height in the end region is smaller than the first step height in the central region.

Abstract: A phosphor film includes phosphor particles, a thermally-conductive filler, and a hinder bonding the phosphor particles and the thermally-conductive filler together. The thermally-conductive filler includes glass particles and/or alumina particles. A weight ratio of a weight of the binder to a total weight of the phosphor particles and the thermally-conductive filler is in a range of 0.1 wt % to 5.0 wt %.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a mask, the method including forming initial ribs such that forming the initial ribs includes forming at least two photoresist patterns such that the at least two photoresist patterns have different widths, are formed on at least one side of a mask substrate, and overlap each other, and performing an etching process at least two times; and forming final ribs such that the final ribs have curved sides having a different curvature radius than a curvature radius of initial curved sides of the initial ribs and have defined slit patterns, forming the final ribs including removing all but one of the at least two photoresist patterns, and performing an etching process.

Abstract: A metal mask manufacturing method includes: (a) disposing a first anti-etching layer having a first void region on a first face of a substrate; (b) disposing a second anti-etching layer on a second face of the substrate opposite to the first face, wherein a second void region of the second anti-etching layer is corresponding to the first void region; (c) performing a first etching on the first face and the second face to form a first concave part and a second concave part separated by a part of the substrate; (d) disposing a protecting layer filled into the first concave part; (e) performing a second etching from the second face to produce a void between the first concave part and the second concave part; (f) removing the second anti-etching layer; and (g) performing a third etching from the second face.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light-emitting device includes disposing a light-emitting element on a supporting member, dispersing a fluorescent substance having a particle diameter of 20 to 45 ?m in a material of the light-transmitting member at a concentration of 40 to 60 wt %, dripping raw material for the fluorescent layer on the light-emitting element while lowering the viscosity of the raw material, and thermally curing the coated layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus including: a substrate; an LED chip mounted on a first surface of the substrate; a fluorescent material-containing layer containing a first fluorescent material, which fluorescent material-containing layer is provided above the first surface of the substrate so as to cover the LED chip; and a color-adjusting fluorescent layer that contains a second fluorescent material, which color-adjusting fluorescent material layer is formed in a layer provided on an outer side of the fluorescent material-containing layer in an emission direction, the color-adjusting fluorescent layer being formed in dots. Thus, the present invention provides a light-emitting apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same, each making it possible to carry out fine color adjustment so as to prevent a subtle color shift that occurs due to a factor such as a difference in concentration of a fluorescent material or the like.

Abstract: A method for making coated zinc silicate phosphor, the method includes the steps of combining a zinc silicate with a rare earth compound under aqueous conditions and removing the water from a product of the combination to form a powder. The powder is fired to form a coated zinc silicate phosphor.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns on transparent substrates using a pulsed laser is disclosed. Various embodiments include an ultrashort pulsed laser, a substrate that is transparent to the laser wavelength, and a target plate. The laser beam is guided through the transparent substrate and focused on the target surface. The target material is ablated by the laser and is deposited on the opposite substrate surface. A pattern, for example a gray scale image, is formed by scanning the laser beam relative to the target. Variations of the laser beam scan speed and scan line density control the material deposition and change the optical properties of the deposited patterns, creating a visual effect of gray scale. In some embodiments patterns may be formed on a portion of a microelectronic device during a fabrication process. In some embodiments high repetition rate picoseconds and nanosecond sources are configured to produce the patterns.

Abstract: A phosphor for light emitting device of an embodiment includes: a phosphor particle composed of at least one selected from an alkaline earth silicate phosphor, a lanthanum oxysulfide phosphor, and a zinc sulfide phosphor; and a surface treatment agent, provided to cover a surface of the phosphor particle, of at least one selected from a silane coupling agent and an acrylic emulsion. A luminance maintenance ratio of the phosphor represented by a formula: luminance B/luminance A×100(%) , is 98% or more, wherein the luminance A is a luminance of the phosphor made to emit under a condition of temperature: 23° C., humidity: 40%, and the luminance B is a luminance of the phosphor made to emit under a condition of temperature: 23° C., humidity: 40% after leaving the phosphor under a condition of temperature: 60° C., humidity: 90% for 12 hours.

Abstract: A headlamp (1) includes a semiconductor laser (3); a light-emitting element (7) that emits light in response to laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser (3); a heat-conducting member (13) that receives heat generated by the light-emitting element (7) through a light-emitting-element facing surface (13a); and a gap layer (15) that is disposed between the light-emitting element (7) and the light-emitting-element facing surface (13a) and that conducts the heat generated by the light-emitting element (7) to the light-emitting-element facing surface (13a). The gap layer (15) contains at least an inorganic amorphous material.

Abstract: A member for a backlight unit using quantum dots is provided comprising a frame where a blue LED is mounted and a light transmitting layer over the frame, wherein the light transmitting layer includes a quantum dot.

Abstract: A conductive adhesive mixture includes a component A which is 0.1% to 28% of the dry weight of the conductive adhesive mixture and a component B which is 72% to 99.9% of the dry weight of the conductive adhesive mixture. The component A is selected from one or more of the group consisting of SnCl4, InCl3 and SbCl3; and the component B is selected from one or more of the group consisting of K2O.nSiO2, Na2O.nSiO2, (SiO2)n and Al2O3. The conductive adhesive mixture, having good electrical conductivity, is used for preparation of the fluorescent screen anode plate, greatly improving the life of the luminous layer, thus improving the life and light efficiency of the field emission device. The present invention further provides a fluorescent screen anode plate manufactured with this conductive adhesive mixture and the manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a high-molecule-based organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a fabrication method thereof. The high-molecule-based OLED comprises a layer selected from a group consisting of an organic emissive layer, a first emission-auxiliary layer and a second emission-auxiliary layer. The organic emissive layer, first emission-auxiliary layer or second emission-auxiliary layer comprises a molecular material having a molecular weight of larger than approximately 730 g mol?1, and is formed by a solution-process.

Abstract: A method of applying a phosphor coating is described. The method comprises forming a suspension of a phosphor and a polymer binder dissolved in a solvent, the phosphor comprising at least one of a nitridosilicate or an oxonitridosilicate phosphor, the polymer binder being capable of decomposing thermally; applying the suspension to a substrate to form a coating; drying the coating; and baking the coating in an inert atmosphere to thermally decompose the polymer binder to form the phosphor coating, preferably at a temperature less than about 400° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: A device construct for lighting and display applications is fabricated from a substrate, a deposited phosphor layer over the substrate, and a layer of thermal and electrically-conductive luminescent material over the deposited layer. The layer of thermal and electrically-conductive luminescent material is a thin film that conforms to the morphology of the phosphor layer. The device is fabricated by providing a substrate, depositing a thin layer of phosphor powder on the substrate by any technique, and coating the phosphor layer with a layer of thermal and electrically-conductive luminescent material by atomic layer deposition.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a high-molecule-based organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a fabrication method thereof. The high-molecule-based OLED comprises a layer selected from a group consisting of an organic emissive layer, a first emission-auxiliary layer and a second emission-auxiliary layer. The organic emissive layer, first emission-auxiliary layer or second emission-auxiliary layer comprises a molecular material having a molecular weight of larger than approximately 730 g mol?1, and is formed by a solution-process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing display devices for forming deposited patterns conforming to pixels on a substrate by means of elongated evaporation sources and a deposition mask having regularly arranged apertures, the method including the steps of arranging the deposition mask and the substrate in such a way that the long sides of the apertures and pixels are parallel to the lengthwise direction of the evaporation sources irrespective of the direction in which the display panel regions are arranged within the substrate; and moving the substrate and the deposition mask relative to the evaporation sources, thereby forming the deposited patterns conforming to the pixels on the substrate.

Abstract: A lamp or light tube that is both shatterproof and produces an after-glow effect. The light tube is comprised of a cylinder sealed by glass and metal end caps on each end of the glass-sealed cylinder, and electrical conducting pins extend from at least one of the metal end caps to connect the light tube to a power source. The glass-sealed cylinder is coated on its exterior with a shatterproof coating composition that emits an after-glow effect. The coating composition is comprised of a strontium aluminate after-glow phosphor, an ethylene acid copolymer resin, and an ultraviolet additive.

Abstract: Provided is an ink composition for manufacturing color filters. The ink composition includes an acrylic binder resin obtained by polymerizing the group of monomers containing a compound represented by Formula 1. The ink composition has good chemical resistance and adhesive properties and is used for manufacturing color filters exhibiting a high contrast ratio: (where Ra is —H, or —CH3, and Rb is an alkyl group having 6-30 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A microfluidic diagnostic device (1, 50) comprising a substrate (4); a compatible layer (6) formed on a first face (4a) of the substrate (4); a structural layer (8), formed on top of the compatible layer (6); a channel (10), formed in the structural layer (8) and limited underneath by the compatible layer (6), optically accessible by a first luminous radiation having a first wavelength (?e); and a cover layer (18) made of a material transparent to the first wavelength (?e), arranged on top of the structural layer (8) and sealing the channel (10) at the top, wherein the compatible layer (6) has a thickness equal to approximately a quarter of the first wavelength (?e) divided by the refraction index of the compatible layer (6), or equal to an odd multiple of a quarter of the first wavelength (?e) divided by the refraction index of the compatible layer (6).

Abstract: Substrates are provided for use in the detection, identification and analysis of biologic or chemical samples that are labeled with a fluorescent label, in which the plane of maximum fluorescence is displaced from a reflective substrate surface so that the intensity maximum of the standing wave interference pattern of incident and reflected probe radiation is enhanced. The format of the substrates includes substantially planar surfaces as well as substrates with introduced variations to the substrate surface, e.g., depressions, wells, pedestals and the like, disposed in arrays or other similar structures such that one or more fluorophore-comprising objects can be attached thereto.

Abstract: In method of forming a dielectric film and a Plasma Display Panel (PDP) using the dielectric film, a paste is coated on a substrate and forms a dielectric film, and a lateral surface of a terminal portion of the dielectric film has a contact angle in a range of 30 to 80° with respect to a surface of the substrate. The PDP preferably includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other and forming a discharge space; a plurality of pairs of sustain electrodes arranged on the first substrate; and a plurality of address electrodes arranged on the second substrate. At least one dielectric film is preferably arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a lateral surface of a terminal portion of the dielectric film preferably has a contact angle in a range of 30 to 80° with respect to a surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a display substrate that can easily remove a substance adhering to the top of partition walls with high precision. On a substrate, partition walls for dividing a surface of the substrate into a plurality of regions are formed, and a color filter layer and a light emitting layer are formed in the regions. Then, a water solvable polymer layer is deposited at the top of the partition walls, and a planarized layer is formed on the light emitting layer. Then, the water solvable polymer layer formed on the top of the partition walls is removed by water rinsing to remove a substance adhering to the top of the partition walls.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission lamp generally includes the steps of: (a) providing a cathode emitter; (b) providing a transparent glass tube having a carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and a fluorescent layer, wherein the carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and the fluorescent layer are both disposed on an inner surface of the transparent glass tube; (c) providing a first glass feedthrough, a second glass feedthrough, and a nickel pipe, wherein the first glass feedthrough has an anode down-lead pad and an anode down-lead pole connected to the anode down-lead pad, and the second glass feedthrough has a cathode down-lead pole; (d) securing the nickel pipe to one end of the cathode emitter and securing the other end of the cathode emitter to one end of the cathode down-lead pole of the second glass feedthrough; and (e) melting and assembling the first and second glass feedthroughs to ends of the transparent glass tube respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is a ceramic discharge vessel for use in high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamps. The discharge vessel has a ceramic body and at least one seal region comprised of an aluminum oxynitride material. The seal region further has a surface layer for contacting a frit material wherein the surface layer is less reactive than the aluminum oxynitride material with respect to the molten frit during sealing. Preferably, the surface layer has a lower nitrogen content than the aluminum oxynitride material. The less reactive surface acts to minimize the formation of bubbles in the sealing frit during the sealing operation.

Abstract: A liquid composition contains a dispersion medium serving as a liquid and a plurality of sulfide particles serving as solids dispersed in the dispersion medium, and the dispersion medium contains a mercaptocarboxylic acid ester. After the liquid composition is applied to a base member, a sulfide film may be formed by removing at least a part of the dispersion medium from the base member.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission electron source, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a substrate, a carbon nanotubes slurry, and a conductive slurry; applying a conductive slurry layer onto the substrate; applying a layer of carbon nanotubes slurry onto the conductive slurry layer; and solidifying the substrate under a temperature of 300 to 600 degrees centigrade so as to form the field emission electron source.

Abstract: A suspension or solution for an organic optoelectronic device is disclosed. The composition of the suspension or solution includes at least one kind of micro/nano transition metal oxide and a solvent. The composition of the suspension or solution can selectively include at least one kind of transition metal oxide ions or a precursor of transition metal oxide. Moreover, the method of making and applications of the suspension or solution are also disclosed.

Abstract: A silicon quantum dot fluorescent lamp is made via providing a high voltage source between a cathode assembly and an anode assembly. The cathode assembly is made by providing a first substrate, coating a buffer layer on the first substrate, coating a catalytic layer on the buffer layer and providing a plurality of nanometer discharging elements on the catalytic layer. The anode assembly is made via providing a second substrate, coating a silicon quantum dot fluorescent film on the second substrate with and coating a metal film on the silicon quantum dot fluorescent film.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a high-molecule-based organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and a fabrication method thereof. The high-molecule-based OLED comprises a layer selected from a group consisting of an organic emissive layer, a first emission-auxiliary layer and a second emission-auxiliary layer. The organic emissive layer, first emission-auxiliary layer or second emission-auxiliary layer comprises a molecular material having a molecular weight of larger than approximately 730 g mol?1, and is formed by a solution-process.

Abstract: In a method for making a pulsed high-voltage silicon quantum dot fluorescent lamp, an excitation source is made by providing a first substrate, coating the first substrate with a buffer layer of titanium, coating the buffer layer with a catalytic layer of a material selected from a group consisting of nickel, aluminum and platinum and providing a plurality of nanometer discharging elements one the catalytic layer. An emission source is made by providing a second substrate, coating the second substrate with a transparent electrode film of titanium nitride and coating the transparent electrode film with a silicon quantum dot fluorescent film comprising silicon quantum dots. A pulsed high-voltage source is provided between the excitation source and the emission source to generate a pulsed field-effect electric field to cause the nanometer discharging elements to release electrons and accelerate the electrons to excite the silicon quantum dots to emit pulsed visible light.

Abstract: In a metal processing method, a photoresist liquid is applied to both surfaces of a metal plate (210) to form photoresist films (220, 230), respectively (Step S102). Subsequently, the photoresist films (220, 230) are exposed and developed so that the photoresist films (220, 230) is removed while leaving the photoresist films (220, 230) corresponding to portions in which a hole is to be formed (Step S103). Next, metal thin films (240, 250) are formed on both the surfaces of the metal plate (210), respectively, on which the photoresist films (220, 230) are formed (Step S104). Subsequently, the photoresist films (220, 230) are removed, and metal thin films (245, 255) are also removed, which are formed on the photoresist films (220, 230), respectively (Step S105). Finally, the metal plate (210) is immersed in an etchant to be etched, to thereby form a high-precision hole in the metal plate (210) (Step S106).

Abstract: A light emitting device having at least one pixel having a light emitting element includes a substrate, a partition wall formed over the substrate, and a luminous layer of the light emitting element, where the luminous layer is formed in at least one groove partitioned by the partition wall. The partition wall has a plurality of first partition walls and at least one second partition wall. Each of the first partition walls is extending in the first direction and the second partition wall is formed to extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and connect end portions of the plurality of first partition walls. A lyophobic degree of the second partition wall is lower than that of a center region between both ends of each of the first partition walls in the first direction.

Abstract: An evaporation apparatus for coating a substrate having an evaporation structure for evaporating material, the evaporation structure having an evaporation structure surface for receiving a wire; a wire feed for providing the wire; and a bending fixture with the bending fixture including a first and a second roller for giving the wire a reproducible curvature so that in operation of the evaporation apparatus the contact spot of the wire on the evaporation structure is at a desired position.

Abstract: A method of cleaning off organic deposition material accumulated on a mask includes forming an organic deposition material pattern on a substrate using the mask, which includes a plurality of slots, in a deposition chamber including a deposition source; transporting the mask to a stock chamber that is maintained at a vacuum and adjacent to the deposition chamber; and partially cleaning off the organic deposition material accumulated along the boundaries of the slots of the mask in the stock chamber. A system to clean off an organic deposition material accumulated on a mask having a plurality of slots, includes a deposition chamber including a deposition source; and a stock chamber that is maintained at substantially the same vacuum as the deposition chamber and includes a cleaning device that cleans off the organic deposition material accumulated on the mask.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel by providing a first substrate and providing a first alignment film, providing a second substrate and providing a second alignment film; interposing a liquid crystal compound and at least two reactive mesogens between the first and second substrates, where the two reactive mesogens are selected from Chemical Formulas 1 and 2; curing the reactive mesogens to form a first mesogen layer; and a second mesogen layer, wherein wherein A and B are independently selected from ?and at least one hydrogen atom of a naphthalene group is independently replaceable with F or Cl; and wherein D is selected from ?and a single bond, E and G are independently selected from ?and at least one hydrogen atom of a phenyl group is independently replaceable with ?F or Cl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorescent lamp including a visible radiation and/or UV-radiation transmissive discharge vessel, at least one luminescent layer coated onto the inner wall of the discharge vessel for converting UV-radiation to other wavelengths of UV-A, UV-B and/or visible radiation characterized in, that at a section to which no luminescent layer is applied on the inner surface area of said discharge vessel at least one substrate layer is applied on the outer surface of this area of said discharge vessel, and/or at least a section to which luminescent layer is applied on the inner surface area of said discharge vessel at least one substrate layer is applied on the outer surface of this area of said discharge vessel; whereby said substrate layer comprises at least one volatile organic material being releasable over an extended time period, whereby the volatile organic material is released by UV-radiation and/or thermal heat generated from said fluorescent lamp and, whereby at operation the

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device has a structure which suppresses a leakage current generated in an organic electroluminescent layer and achieves a low power consumption and excellent light-emitting characteristics. The organic electroluminescent display device includes a first electrode, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a second electrode, stacked in this order on a substrate, wherein the organic electroluminescent layer includes a conductive layer and a light-emitting layer, the conductive layer has a trapezoidal cross section which widens downwardly, and the light-emitting layer covers upper and side surfaces of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a switchable liquid crystal polarization grating includes creating a degenerate planar anchoring condition on a surface of a reflective substrate. An alignment layer may be formed on a transmissive substrate and may be patterned to create a periodic alignment condition therein. The transmissive substrate including the patterned alignment layer thereon may be assembled adjacent to the surface of the reflective substrate including the degenerate planar anchoring condition thereon to define a gap therebetween. A liquid crystal layer is formed on the surface of the reflective substrate including the degenerate planar alignment condition. The liquid crystal layer may be formed in the gap directly on the alignment layer such that molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned based on the periodic alignment condition in the alignment layer. Related fabrication methods and polarization gratings are also discussed.

Abstract: A light source apparatus that comprises a blue light emitting diode and a fluorescent material film capable of converting the blue light emitted from the blue light emitting diode into white light, wherein the fluorescent material film is formed by coating, on a glass substrate, a dispersion prepared by dispersing a composition containing metallic oxide fine particles and a yellow fluorescent material capable of absorbing part of the blue light, thereby emitting yellow light, in a metallic alkoxide and/or metallic alkoxide oligomer, followed by firing.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline composition, having a liquid crystalline dichroic azo dye that is represented by formula (I) and has an expression temperature of the nematic phase of 150° C. to 300° C. in a temperature elevating process, and at least one liquid crystalline dichroic azo dye, wherein an expression temperature of the nematic phase of the liquid crystalline composition is 120° C. or higher in a temperature elevating process: wherein Ar1 and Ar3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or aromatic heterocyclic group; Ar2 is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; n represents an integer of 1 or more; and when n is an integer of 2 or more, Ar2s may be the same as or different from each other.

Abstract: A method of preparing a light-absorbing layer applied to a lamp vessel of an electric lamp. At least a part of the lamp vessel is provided with a light-absorbing coating which has stabilized pigments incorporated in a sol-gel matrix. In order to stabilize the pigments, an aminosilane is added.

Abstract: A slurry composition for forming a layer is provided. The slurry composition includes 100 parts by weight of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, ZrO3, and a combination thereof; 1-200 parts by weight of a binding agent per 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide, the binding agent being selected from the group consisting of calcium phosphate (CaP), a calcium-barium-boron-based (CBB-based) oxide, a triple carbonate ((Ca, Ba, Sr)CO3), and a combination thereof; 1-10 parts by weight of a binder per 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide, the binder being selected from the group consisting of nitro cellulose, ethyl cellulose, methyl methacrylate, and a combination thereof; and 50-500 parts by weight of a solvent per 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide.

Abstract: A micro shutter device and a method of manufacturing the micro shutter device are provided. A transparent substrate is provided. A barrier is formed on the substrate to partition a unit pixel. A pattern layer is formed with a transparent material to have a transparent first pattern portion on the substrate in the unit pixel. A movable plate is arranged to face the pattern layer, has an opaque second pattern layer corresponding to a shape of the first pattern portion, and is configured to transmit light therethrough except the second pattern portion. An actuator is for moving the movable plate. Therefore, light leakage due to diffraction can be prevented, resulting in increasing contrast ratio and improving light efficiency.

Abstract: A lamp according to one or more embodiments includes a tube which forms a light-emitting space, an electrode main body which is disposed in the tube, and an emitter surface metal layer which includes an alkali metal oxide and/or an alkaline earth metal oxide, and covers the electrode main body. The emitter surface metal layer may include cesium (Cs) and may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of beryllium oxide (BeO), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide (BaO), cesium oxide (CsO) and radium oxide (RaO). Therefore, discharge may be easily activated because of a high secondary electron emission coefficient. Thus, a light-emitting efficiency may be enhanced and dark start characteristics may be improved.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a fluorescent paste includes a process of applying a fluorescent paste including a sulfide fluorescent material and a binder resin onto a substrate, a first baking process of baking the substrate for a predetermined time at a first temperature that is equal to or lower than a temperature at which a generated amount of water has a maximum in a case where the fluorescent paste is measured by a TDP-MS method, and a second baking process of baking the substrate for a predetermined time at a second temperature that is equal to or higher than a temperature at which a generated amount of carbon dioxide has a minimum in a case where the fluorescent paste is measured by a TDP-MS method after the first baking process.

Abstract: A flat-type fluorescent lamp device includes a first substrate, a plurality of first and second electrodes arranged on the first substrate at fixed intervals, a first fluorescent layer on an entire surface of the first substrate including the first and second electrodes, a second substrate having a plurality of projection portions for maintaining a uniform gap between the first and second substrates, and a second fluorescent layer on the second substrate except at regions of the projection portions that contact the first substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the production and elements (components) with a nanostructure (2; 4, 4a) for improving the optical behavior of components and devices and/or for improving the behavior of sensors by enlarging the active surface area. The nanostructure (2) is produced in a self-masking fashion by means of RIE etching and its material composition can be modified and it can be provided with suitable cover layers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a triple wavelengths white LED chooses a blue LED chip whose wavelength is ranged between 430 nm and 480 nm. A red and green mixed phosphor is coated on the blue LED chip. Thus, the red and green mixed phosphor may be excited by the blue LED chip, thereby producing a triple wavelengths white LED.

Abstract: A simple and efficient method for transforming conformation of parts of chains in the amorphous phase in a conjugated polymer to extended conjugation length (termed as ? phase) is disclosed. The ? phase acts as a dopant and can be termed self-dopant. The generated self-dopant in the amorphous host allows an efficient energy transfer and charge trapping to occur and leads to more balanced charge fluxes and more efficient charge recombination. For example, a polyfluorene film was dipped into a mixed solvent/non-solvent, tetrahydrofuran/methanol in volume ratio of 1:1, to generate a ?-phase content up to 1.32%. A polymer light emitting diode with the dipped polyfluorene film as a light emitting layer therein provides a more pure and stable blue-emission (solely from the self-dopant) with CIE color coordinates x+y<0.3 and a performance of 3.85 cd A?1 (external quantum efficiency 3.33%) and 34326 cd m?2.