Abstract: Paper or paperboard laminate composed of at least one bulk-promoting layer, here termed bulk layer (1), 40-98% of which is composed of cellulose fibers with a freeness value of 550-950 ml CSF, and on at least one side of the bulk layer at least one secondary layer (3a, 3b?), which has a greater density than the bulk layer, the secondary layer and bulk layer being joined indirectly to one another over basically the whole of their opposing surfaces and the laminate having a bending stiffness index greater than 2.5 Nm7/kg3, but less than 14 Nm7/kg3, calculated as a geometric mean value for machine direction and cross direction. According to the invention a thin intermediate layer (2a), which has a higher drainage resistance than the bulk layer and has been formed together with the bulk layer, is arranged between the said bulk layer (1) and secondary layer (3a, 3b?).

Abstract: A laminate composite sheet comprising a two-ply base layer comprised of a bottom ply and a top ply, wherein the bottom ply is comprised of unbleached cellulosic fibers and wherein the top ply is comprised of bleached or brightened cellulosic fibers and a further layer attached to the top ply with a layer of adhesive; said further layer having a top and a bottom surface, said further layer selected from the group consisting of paper or film; said layer of adhesive containing no pigment, and said top surface of said further layer having no coating.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for efficiently producing a powder-coated support, which does not require a drying process and can use, without limitation, even a resin that hardly forms a latex or an aqueous solution, and to provide a powder-coated support obtained by the production method, which exhibits less swelling of its base paper and has excellent smoothness and glossiness. A method produces a powder-coated support by applying a powdery resin composition containing at least a thermoplastic resin to at least one side of a base paper, and hot-pressing the resulting article. The hot pressing is preferably performed by heating the article at a temperature equal to or higher than the melt-starting temperature of the thermoplastic resin and cooling the same to a temperature of 80° C. or lower using a powder coating machine of cooling-removing system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a heat-sealable packaging material, a polymer-coated packaging material manufactured using the method, and a sealed package to be manufactured of the material. The packaging material comprises a fibre base, such as a packaging board (5), and an inner, extruded water vapour barrier layer (2, 9) on both sides, containing high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and an outer heat sealing layer (1, 10), the material of which is, for example, low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Further, polymeric oxygen barrier layers (7) can be incorporated in the packaging material, the material of the oxygen barrier layers being, for example, ethyl vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) or polyamide (PA). With the HDPE layer, the permeation of water vapour is prevented to both directions, and the location of the extruded layers on both sides of the fibre base reduces the curling of the material.

Abstract: A chip board including an intermediary layer (1) and a layer (2) of large chips positioned on both sides of said intermediary layer. An outer layer (3) is provided on the 5 outer surface of each layer of large chips. In addition to the chips, the layers include an adhesive. The intermediary layer (1) includes a mixture of wood chips having chip fractions of a chip size of 0.1 to 20 mm, and the chips of this layer are randomly oriented. The individual chip in the layer (2) of large chips presents the following characteristics: a length of approx. 50 to approx. 130 mm, a width of approx. 4 to approx. 40 mm and a thickness of approx. 0.2 to approx. 2.0 mm. The chips within each layer (2) of large chips are all oriented in one and the same direction. As a result, a chip board is obtained which demonstrates a significantly higher E-module and stiffness in flexure than hitherto known despite a reduced consumption of material.

Abstract: Methods for esterifying hydroxyl groups in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in wood are described, wherein the wood is chosen from loblolly, slash, shortleaf, longleaf or radiata pines. Methods can include solvent drying techniques and heating provided by electromagnetic radiation, such as microwave, and radiofrequency. Products made from the methods are described that have greater decay resistance and dimensional stability as compared with non-esterified wood products.

Abstract: Wood products, specifically wood commonly used in construction including dimension lumber, pressure treated pine, composite wood materials such as plywood, particle board, and wafer board, and samples of paper and fabric were variously treated with concentrations of sodium silicate (Na2OSiO2) also known as water glass. Cellulosic materials including dimension lumber, plywood, particle board, wafer board, paper, and fabric were treated with sodium silicate (Na2O.SiO2) in concentrations ranging from 400-0.04 g Na2O.SiO2/kg water. To overcome the disadvantages of sodium silicate, sodium silicate treated samples were further treated to convert the water soluble sodium silicate to a water insoluble form, thereby overcoming the disadvantages of water solubility. and rendering the material effective for internal and external uses.

Abstract: Water-based wax emulsions, optionally for use in conjunction with alkaline copper and/or quaternary ammonium based preservatives systems, are described. These emulsions are comprised of natural or synthetic wax, nonionic surfactants having HL B values greater than 11, anionic surfactants, and water. Certain emulsion compositions as described in this specification posses the unique property of maintaining emulsion stability in wood preservatives during extended use in typical wood treatment processes. Water-repellant wood treated with the wax emulsions are described. A method of treating wood, comprising providing wood and treating the wood with the wax emulsion under conditions effective to increase its water repellency is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of producing a calendered, coated fibrous web, according to which method a fibrous web is coated with a coating colour containing a coating pigment, and the coated fibrous web is calendered. According to the invention, at least 1%, preferably 10 to 100% of the weight of the pigment comprises calcium oxalate, and calendering the coated web by online calendering. The properties of the calcium oxalate pigment are so advantageous for calendering that it is possible to obtain a reasonably high gloss already with a machine calender (online calendering), which will eliminate need for a separate offline calender in the production line of matt surface papers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-dispersible composition for making a water repellent paper with a low permeability for moisture. The composition comprises components (A) to (H), in the following amounts by dry weight (wt): (A) 5 to 89 wt % of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), (B) 1 to 20 wt % of styrene maleic imide (SMI), (C) 5 to 50 wt % of ethylene acrylate, (D) 0 to 20 wt % of polyvinyl alcohol or starch, (E) 0 to 7 wt % of wax, (F) 0 to 6 wt % of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA), (G) 0 to 70 wt % of styrene butadiene (SB) latex and (H) 0 to 70 wt % of talc. The invention further relates to an easily macerating moisture-proof paper comprising a base paper having coated on at least one surface thereof a layer of an aqueous emulsion comprising a water-dispersible composition, wherein the solid content in the aqueous emulsion is from 30 to 65 % by weight.

Abstract: Hydrogenated triglycerides having melting temperature above about 50° C. are substituted for paraffin as a coating material for the surface of paper products and the resulting paper products have improved wet strength and moisture resistance in addition to being repulpable thereby providing a distinct environmental advantage over paraffin coated products.

Abstract: An improved pigment-coated paper is provided which enables the use of a non-acidic basesheet in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper. The non-acidic basesheet, compared to the conventionally used acidic basesheet, is brighter and less brittle, and therefore imparts improved visual effects and reduces the likelihood of cracking. The clay-based coating composition is mildly alkaline when wet (pH between 7.5 and 8.5) and upon drying on the basesheet, becomes mildly acidic (pH between 6.0 and 7.0). A method of making the improved pigment-coated paper using a non-acidic basesheet in the manufacture of a fragrance release paper is provided, comprising the steps of preparing the basesheet, applying the premixed pigment coating composition using rollers and blade leveling devices, and drying the pigment coating composition. A fragrance sample construction, for use in magazines, catalogs, leaflets, etc.

Abstract: A process of forming a nitrocellulose film on a carrier includes the steps of (i) atomizing a nitrocellulose solution to form a plurality of fine nitrocellulose particles and (ii) evenly spraying the nitrocellulose particles on the carrier to form the nitrocellulose film. The film has a predetermined thickness. The nitrocellulose solution is atomized by an ultrasonic spraying nozzle to control a size of each of the nitrocellulose particles to be sprayed on the carrier. The nebulizer can be air-assisted by inert air to control characteristics of the nitrocellulose spray pattern.

Abstract: A wood product is made from treating wood with two solutions, in series, including a penetrating solution and a topcoat composition. The penetrating solution is made up of boric acid, a metallocene catalyst, a free radical initiator, a first film-forming polymer and an adhesion promoter. The topcoat includes a second continuous film-forming polymer. Application of the penetrating solution to the wood gets the solution into the wood to cross-link boric acid with cellulose fibers, then the topcoat forms the continuous film. The topcoat seals in the penetrating solution so that it does not leach out during subsequent exposure to water and weather, allowing soluble salts such as borax to migrate and infiltrate deeper into the wood. Microbiological growth is prevented by several mechanisms.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a paper container from packaging materials, damage of internal layers of packaging materials is promptly inspected, and degradation by light exposure of content can be prevented. A method of manufacturing light barrier paper packaging materials for liquid food formed from a laminate having a paper layer, a thermoplastic resin outside layer, and a thermoplastic resin inside layer include preparing a substantially completely bleached white bleached paper layer, providing a light barrier layer of light barrier material on the inside of the bleached paper layer before or during lamination of the thermoplastic resin inside layer, and inspecting for defects of the obtained laminate by observation of the visible or invisible inside surface of the bleached paper layer from the thermoplastic resin inside layer side of the obtained laminate through the light barrier layer.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a porous pad impregnated with wood preservative(s) and/or metal corrosion inhibitor(s) to which future maintenance treatments can be applied. These pads are designed to be placed within joints of wood, metal or combinations thereof for protection against biotic and/or abiotic deterioration. The pad can be placed between joints of wood and/or metal members.

Abstract: A prepreg can be obtained by impregnating a base paper with a heat-curing resin free from formaldehyde, the prepreg exhibiting a residual moisture content of 2 to 4% by weight after drying, the resin of the prepreg being non-crosslinked and exhibiting a degree of crosslinking of maximum about 85% in the case of thermal treatment of the prepreg over a period of about 40 seconds at about 132° C.

Abstract: In a multi-layer structure of a cellulose acylate film, the averaged degree of acylation of surface layers is controlled in the range of 0.5 to 2.8 by mixing several sorts of cellulose acylates having different averaged degrees of acyation. One of the surface layers is formed on a substrate by casting a solution containing cellulose acylate made of cotton linter. Lubricant particles are added to a solution for the surface layers, and emission compounds to a solution for the inner layers. The obtained cellulose acylate film is excellent in adhesive property to the hydrophobic material without saponification, and adequately used for the polarizing filter, an optical compensation sheet, and liquid crystal display.

Abstract: Composite coated wood products, and methods to produce such products, are described by embodiments of the invention. Composite layers may comprise polymer and fillers, such as organic fillers and inorganic fillers. The composite layers may also be foamed in some embodiments of the invention. Such composite coated wood products may be structural or non-structural pieces that may provide safe, economical, easy to manufacture construction products that may be utilized with wood composites, and other plastic composites. Such products may also promote uniformity of appearance in objects constructed with the composite coated wood products in a variety of applications.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a gloss coated paper having specific properties for enhanced toner adhesion. The critical specific properties of the paper include the combination of a thermal diffusivity of less than approximately 8.5 mm2/s, a polar liquid contact angle slope of less than approximately ?12.0 and a non-polar liquid contact angle slope of less than approximately ?5.5. A method of printing gloss coated paper in an electrophotographic apparatus includes forming an image with an electrophotographic toner in the electrophotographic apparatus and transferring the image to the gloss coated paper.

Abstract: A heterogeneous, cellulose battery separator made of a mixture of cellulose and a polymer with hydrogen permeability for use in zinc-based batteries exhibiting increased hydrogen transport through the membrane while maintaining low electrical impedance and exhibiting resistance to zinc ion transport preventing zinc dendrite formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-layer paper suitable as a material for preparing heat-sensitive stencil printing masters. The multi-layer paper is produced by combining a plurality of thin paper layers by paper making. The multi-layer paper has a peel strength of 10 N/m or less and may be delaminated into at least two tissue sheets.

Abstract: In a paper/film composite structure, the film is made of a low substituted cellulose ether having a molar degree of substitution with alkyl and/or hydroxyalkyl groups in the range of 0.05 to 1.3. The paper/film composite structure can be delivered to the waste paper recycling process without previously removing the film portion. The strength of film is increased without adding to the manufacturing cost. The paper/film composite structure is inexpensive and eliminates the risk of film rupture during the working, transporting and use stages.

Abstract: Cavities in a thin natural wood plate material are filled with a polymer compound to provide softness and folding endurance the thin natural wood plate material. The surface of the thin natural wood plate material is not entirely covered by filling the polymer compound.

Abstract: A coated paper for gravure printing that offers good gravure printability resulting from reduced missing dots while at the same time achieving high sheet gloss, wherein the paper comprises a base paper and a coating layer containing a pigment and an adhesive. This paper also contains a compound having an effect of inhibiting the binding between pulp fibers, wherein the compound, when added to 0.3 weight-part per 100 parts of bone-dry pulp, will reduce the tensile strength of the paper by five % to 40% (as measured in accordance with JIS P 8133).

Abstract: A system and a method for coating two sides of a laminate material is disclosed in which one side of the laminate material is coated with one substance and the second side is coated with a different substance. The method described is particularly suited for applying a substance providing balancing characteristics desirable in the end product to one side of the laminate material and applying a substance providing other characteristics desirable in the end product to the other side of the laminate material. For example, a balancing substance may be applied on one side of a kraft paper sheet and a substance providing structural bonding applied to the other side, thereby eliminating the need to use a discrete balancing sheet in a laminate. The kraft sheet thus coated may be used to form a laminate panel.

Abstract: Sphagnum, sphagnum moss, and/or sphagnum peat is milled to create a multitude of sphagnum, sphagnum moss, and/or sphagnum peat particles substantially all of which have a size less than about 850 microns. Particles of milled sphagnum moss have been shown to retain excellent water and oil absorption capabilities until particle sizes become smaller than 180 microns.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapor barrier for use in cthe thermal insulation of buildings which can be used, in particular, for thermal insulation procedures in new buildings or in the renovation of old buildings. The vapor barrier in accordance with the invention is thereby capable of achieving water vapor exchange under different ambient conditions. This is achieved by using a material which has a water vapor diffusion resistance which is dependent on the ambient humidity and which also has adequate tensile strength and tear resistance.

Abstract: A layered composite product for use as a floorboard, a door, a cabinet, a wall, etc. is disclosed. The product is a layered structure that includes a rigid substrate layer having two substantially planar sides, a resin-saturated sheet layer disposed on each of the substantially flat sides, and a veneer layer disposed on at least one of the sheet layers. Also provided is a method of making the aforementioned product, the method comprising the steps of forming the layered structure, and then compressing the structure in a pressing apparatus for a time sufficient to cure the resin at under heat and pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapor barrier for use in the thermal insulation of buildings which can be used in particular, for thermal insulation procedures in new buildings or in the renovation of old buildings. The vapor barrier in accordance with the invention is thereby capable of achieving water vapor exchange under different ambient conditions. This is achieved by using a material which has a water vapor diffusion resistance which is dependent on the ambient humidity and which also has adequate tensile strength and tear resistance.

Abstract: A method for protecting wood and wood products from mold and sapstaining fungi for periods of at least about seven months is provided. The method employs a non-toxic mold inhibitor, which has been found to be unusually effective in providing resistance to mold and sapstaining fungi. Mold and fungi resistant wood and wood products are also provided.

Abstract: Hydrogenated triglycerides having melting points above 50° C. are substituted for paraffin as a coating material for the surface of paper products and the resulting paper products have improved wet strength and moisture resistance in addition to being repulpable thereby providing a distinct environmental advantage over paraffin coated products.

Abstract: A wood product is made from treating wood with two solutions, in series, including a penetrating solution and a topcoat composition. The penetrating solution is made up of boric acid, a metallocene catalyst, a free radical initiator, a first film-forming polymer and an adhesion promoter. The topcoat includes a continuous film-forming polymer. Application of the penetrating solution to the wood gets the solution into the wood to cross-link boric acid with cellulose fibers, then the topcoat forms the continuous film. The film seals in the penetrating solution so that it does not leach out during subsequent exposure to water and weather, allowing soluble salts such as borax to migrate and infiltrate deeper into the wood. Microbiological growth is prevented by several mechanisms.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of composite wood that arbitrary amount of wood can be used, nailing is possible and a product with arbitrary configuration is easily manufactured is provided. A melted binder resin and a plurality of wood pieces are kneaded. Then, a resultant kneaded material of the wood pieces and the binder resin is strongly pressed. The binder resin is cooled while the kneaded material is strongly pressed. Alternatively, strong pressing and cooling are repeated for the kneaded material. As a result, the binder resin is cured. A resultant composite wood is cut into a board with a predetermined thickness or a bar with a predetermined dimension and assembled into a desired product. A water content of the wood pieces may be evaporated by heat from the binder resin or may be evaporated by heating the wood pieces.

Abstract: A web comprised of lyocell fibers. The web may be a homogeneous blend of fibers with lyocell fibers having a length of less than about 6 mm as a portion of the blend. The web may be a multi layered single ply with lyocell fibers in one or more layers. The web may be composed of multiple plies, with component plies composed of multiple layers. The length and proportion of the lyocell fibers in the respective layers of the component plies may vary intentionally from layer to layer.

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive composition with good release properties. A preferred embodiment comprises sodium lauryl sulfate and a modified tapioca dextrin.

Abstract: A method of producing formaldehyde laden layered products, the products having reduced emission of formaldehyde, of at least 2 layers, at least one of the layers being a veneer, comprising a step of treating at least one of the surfaces of said veneer, prior to bonding the layers together, with a solution comprising an ammonium salt. The invention also relates to a flooring material obtained by the method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new form of pulp that is a flake having a specific size, density, and wet dispersibility. The flakes are easy to meter in specified quantities when adding to cementitious products, because bulk quantities of the flakes flow well in conduits and other enclosed containers. The pulp flakes can supply sufficient cellulose fiber to an extrusion process due to the flakes' high fiber density. The pulp flakes have a wet dispersability that is comparable to some pulp sheets that have not been hammermilled. In one embodiment of the invention, a pulp flake is provided that has a wet dispersion of from about 60 to about 240 counts as measured by a standard British disintegrator. Another embodiment of a pulp flake has a density of from about 0.3 to about 0.7 g/cc. In one embodiment, the pulp flake has a size of from about 3 to about 5 mm3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapor barrier for use in the thermal insulation of buildings which can be used, in particular, for thermal insulation procedures in new buildings or in the renovation of old buildings. The vapor barrier in accordance with the invention is thereby capable of achieving water vapor exchange under different ambient conditions. This is achieved by using a material which has a water vapor diffusion resistance which is dependent on the ambient humidity and which also has adequate tensile strength and tear resistance.

Abstract: A cleansing article having a substrate capable of absorbing and retaining a fluid therein, the substrate being impregnated with a cleaning composition containing a linear and/or branched alcohol polyglycol ether.

Abstract: A process for impregnating base paper or fiber webs with an aqueous dispersion of a polymer of free-radically polymerizable compounds (monomers), which comprises from 0.1 to 5% by weight of the monomers being methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A method of producing formaldehyde laden layered products, the products having reduced emission of formaldehyde, of at least 2 layers, at least one of the layers being a board or veneer, comprising a step of treating at least one of the surfaces of said board or veneer, prior to bonding the layers together, with a solution comprising an inorganic sulphur containing salt. The invention also relates to a flooring material obtained by the method.

Abstract: There is provided a building board which is colored by mixture of a pigment(s) into the raw materials and exhibiting an excellent color development effect. A pigment and a resin(s) are incorporated into the raw materials of the front layer to form a resin film simultaneously with cement curing, thereby blocking the inflow or outflow of water through the surface of the substrate to provide a cement board with good waterproofness. The cement board obstructs the efflorescence generation and exhibits an excellent pigment color development effect.

Abstract: A heterogeneous, cellulose battery separator made of a mixture of cellulose and a polymer with hydrogen permeability for use in zinc-based batteries exhibiting increased hydrogen transport through the membrane while maintaining low electrical impedance and exhibiting resistance to zinc ion transport preventing zinc dendrite formation.

Abstract: Multi-ply paper towels are disclosed which have a combination of high absorbent capacity and a high rate of absorbency. These properties are the result of a combination of the intra-ply fiber structure and a network of inter-ply wet-collapse resistant channels that distribute and retain absorbed liquid.

Abstract: The invention provides a sewage purification assist toilet paper that carries pineapple enzyme and at least one powdery additive selected from slag, porous ore, and activated carbon. The pineapple enzyme and additive decompose salinity and chlorides contained in toilet sewage which otherwise would inhibit the growth of microorganisms used in the biological treatment of sewage taking place not only in individual septic tanks but also in public sewage systems.

Abstract: Low density composite wood panels are manufactured from a feedstock comprising wood wool strands of high average slenderness ratio and high average aspect ratio, and low bulk density. The feedstock wool strands are blended with a resin binder typically in the range of 3 to 5 percent by weight and a hot wax in the range 1 to 2 percent by weight and formed into a mat. The mat is hot pressed with steam injection to effect curing of the resin. The low density panels may include on one or both of their major faces a wood veneer layer. The wood wool strands typically comprise wood of the aspen or jack pine species.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a packaging laminate having excellent gas barrier properties. The method involves applying a solution or dispersion of starch or starch derivative to a surface of a substrate of paper or paperboard, and applying a layer of plastic to said starch or starch derivative so as to modify the properties of same such that the starch or starch derivative provides a gas barrier property.

Abstract: The specification describes preserved solid wood or wood composites including a copper ammonium acetate complex wood preservative and a drying oil. The wood preservative is present in the wood in an amount effective to improve the resistance of the treated wood to at least one type of decomposition, such as decay or insect attack. The drying oil is present in the wood in an effective amount to accomplish at least one useful end, such as reducing the water absorption or thickness swell of the treated wood or increasing its mechanical strength, even in a wood composite made using less binding resin than usual. Yet another aspect of the invention is a method of making the treated wood from green wood in solid or flaked form. A copper ammonium acetate complex wood preservative and optionally a drying oil are added to the green wood.

Abstract: A process for treating wood and wood products is disclosed. Wood is impregnated under pressure with soybean oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with soybean oil, which oil is caused to polymerize within the wood. The polymerized oil is effectively fixed within the wood. The oil may be treated in advance of impregnation to initiate polymerization. Further, the wood may be surface treated with a more fully polymerized coating of oil. Pressure and vacuum may be applied in selected sequence to promote impregnation, and heat, blowing air, oxygen, Ultraviolet light, and other agents may be employed to promote polymerization of the treated wood within the pressure chamber during the impregnation process or outside of the pressure chamber after impregnation. Additional additives may be used to prevent pest infestations and the growth of fungi or to promote the migration of the oil into the wood.