Abstract: The present invention relates to new photochromic, fused naphthopyran systems having specific substituents R1, which can be used to attain very rapid lightening speeds, without detriment to the depth of darkening after excitation, and also to the use thereof in plastics of all kinds.

Abstract: Provided are a backboard support structure, a preparation method therefor, and a display device. The display device includes a display substrate and a backboard support structure; the backboard support structure includes a substrate support film and an adhesive layer arranged in a laminated manner. The backboard support structure is bonded to the non-display side of the display substrate via the adhesive layer, and includes a first bendable region and a first non-bent region. The adhesive layer includes a first portion located in the first bendable region and a second portion located in the first non-bent region; the first portion has a modulus of elasticity of about 1 Kpa-150 Kpa, the second portion has a modulus of elasticity of about 150 Kpa-250 Kpa, and the substrate support film has a modulus of elasticity of about 1 Gpa-10 Gpa.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating includes a bond coat layer deposited on a substrate, and a ceramic layer deposited on the bond coat layer. The ceramic layer includes a first layer having a porosity of 10% or more and 15% or less, and a second layer having a porosity of 0.5% or more and 9.0% or less and deposited on the first layer.

Abstract: The ionic liquid-based coating is a coating for both porous and nonporous materials. As non-limiting examples, a porous substrate coated with the ionic liquid-based coating may be used to disinfect and remove microorganisms from air and water, to provide an antimicrobial surface for preventing microbial contamination, or to enhance filtration efficiency of the porous material for airborne and waterborne particulate matter without increasing flow resistance. As a further non-limiting example, a nonporous substrate coated with the ionic liquid-based coating may be used to form a surface capable of self-disinfection from microorganisms contacting surface. The ionic liquid-based coating includes at least one ionic liquid, an adhesive, and at least one additive, which may be a disinfectant, a viscosity modifier, a pH buffer, a fragrance, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a leather-like sheet having a surface configured such that, when an L* value, a C* value, and an h value under illumination of a D65 light source are represented as L*D65, C*D65, and hD65, and an L* value, a C* value, an h value under illumination of an F10 light source are represented as L*F10, C*F10, and hF10, L*D65 is 30 to 95, and at least one selected from a condition |?C|=|C*F10?C*D65|?7, and a condition |?h°|=|hF10?hD65|?7° is satisfied.

Abstract: A composite material includes: a substrate and a polymer layer which are interconnected by an adhesion promoter layer. The adhesion promoter layer is obtainable by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) at least partially using a mixture of precursor compounds containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon and an organosilicon compound. In an embodiment, the substrate includes a metal substrate or a polymer substrate.

Abstract: A substrate is printed with front side and back side markings in a first color ink. The front side when viewed with reflected light includes a first marking printed in a first saturation and a first symbol printed in the first saturation. The back side when viewed with reflected light includes: a second marking printed in a second saturation; a second symbol printed in the second saturation; a third marking printed in the first saturation; and a third symbol printed in the first saturation. The first marking, the second marking, and the third marking are printed to provide an interlocking pattern of low saturation color and high saturation color when viewed with transmitted light. The second symbol is visible, and the first symbol and the second symbol are not distinguishably visible, when viewed with transmitted light.

Abstract: A spectacle lens includes at least one substrate and at least one photochromic layer. The spectacle lens exhibits no swelling of the coating and/or of the substrate in the event of at least one damage to the surface of the spectacle lens with a force of ?65 m N after contamination of the surface of the spectacle lens with at least one organic acid over a period from a range of 12 hours to 84 hours. Further, a method for producing the spectacle lens and the use of at least one chemically modified layer and/or at least one barrier layer for coating a spectacle lens substrate is disclosed.

Abstract: A multilayer optical film including: an A layer formed of an alicyclic structure-containing polymer resin; and a B layer disposed on at least one surface of the A layer to be in direct contact therewith, the B layer serving as a masking layer, wherein the B layer is a cured product of a material Y including a dispersion of a crosslinkable polymer (a) and solid particles (b), and the B layer has a thickness tB of 10 ?m or more and 25 ?m or less. A production method including the steps of applying the material Y onto a surface of the A layer, to form a layer of the material Y; and curing the layer of the material Y.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical packaging including a silicone-free lubricating film of crosslinked organic molecules, and a method for producing same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a polarizing plate including: a polarizer, and a first hard coating layer having a thickness of 10 um or less and an anti-reflection film which are positioned so as to face each other around the polarizer, wherein the anti-reflection film includes a light-transmitting substrate and a second hard coating layer, and wherein a ratio (a/b) of a transmittance (a) at a wavelength of 400 nm of the second hard coating layer to the transmittance (b) at a wavelength of 500 nm of the second hard coating layer is 0.95 or less, or 0.85 to 0.95.

Abstract: A flexible display module includes a back film, and a flexible display screen and a protective cover plate that are sequentially stacked on a side of the back film. The protective cover plate includes a cover plate body and at least one arc-shaped extension portion. An end of an arc-shaped extension portion is connected to a side face of the cover plate body. An end of the arc-shaped extension portion away from the cover plate body extends beyond an edge of the flexible display screen and an edge of the back film. An arc-shaped concave surface of the arc-shaped extension portion faces a side face of the flexible display screen and a side face of the back film that are proximate to the arc-shaped extension portion.

Abstract: A polymer composition comprising a semiconductive material distributed within a polymer matrix is provided. The semiconductive material includes inorganic particles and an electrically conductive material, the inorganic particles having an average particle size of from about 0.1 to about 100 ?m and an electrical conductivity about 500 ?S/cm or less. The polymer matrix contains at least one thermoplastic high performance polymer having a deflection under load of about 40° C. or more. The polymer composition exhibits a dielectric constant of about 4 or more and a dissipation factor of about 0.3 or less, as determined at a frequency of 2 GHz.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resinous adhesion promoter comprising (a) a random copolymer having first and second constitutional monomeric units, the first units comprising halogen and/or a pendant organic group having six or more carbon atoms and the second monomeric units comprising an active hydrogen-containing functional group; and (b) one of either (i) a non-reactive adhesion promoter or (ii) a reaction mixture comprising a first component and a second component, at least one of the first and second components having functional groups being reactive with the active hydrogen-containing functional groups of the random copolymer.

Abstract: Structural support (1) including a first support portion (2) delimiting at least one containment compartment (4, 4?); a second support portion (6) at least partly in front of the containment compartment (4, 4?); and a sliding element (4), housed in the containment compartment (4, 4?) and interposed between the first (2) and the second (6) support portion. The sliding element (8) substantially consists of a thermo-processable fluoro-polymer with a melt-mass flow rate—according to the ISO 1133-1:2011 standard—of less than 5.0 grams/10 minutes, for example under 3.0 grams/10 minutes.

Abstract: Methods for forming vascular components include providing a composite sacrificial body comprising a first sacrificial material having an outer surface and a second sacrificial material applied to at least a portion of the outer surface, molding a solid substrate around the composite sacrificial body, removing the first sacrificial material by deflagration such that at least a portion of the second sacrificial material remains in the same orientation relative to the substrate as originally molded, and subsequently removing the second sacrificial material by a non-deflagration process to form a vascular component. The second sacrificial material can include a phase change material, a syntactic foam including hollow beads bound together with a polymeric binder or a sintered aggregation of hollow beads, a polymeric foam, a water-soluble resin, or an aerogel. The non-deflagration process can include mechanical pulverization, contacting the second sacrificial material with a solvent or chemical etching agent.

Abstract: A unitary electro-optic window assembly includes a window element. A first substantially transparent substrate defines a first surface, a second surface, and a first peripheral edge. A second substantially transparent substrate defines a third surface, a fourth surface, and a second peripheral edge. The first and second substantially transparent substrates define a cavity therebetween. An electro-optic medium at least partially fills the cavity and is configured to reduce light transmissivity of the window element. A controller is adjacent to the window element and is in electrical communication therewith. The controller is configured to change a voltage applied to the electro-optic medium to change the light transmissivity of the window element. An interface is in electrical communication with the controller. A transparent dust cover is positioned over the window element, the controller, and the interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fiber cement flooring products. In particular, the present invention provides fiber cement flooring products, at least comprising cement and fibers, characterized in that these fiber cement flooring products comprise amorphous silica in an amount of between about 2 weight % and about 15 weight % compared to the total dry weight of the fiber cement composition of said fiber cement flooring product. The present invention further relates to methods for the production of such fiber cement flooring products as well as uses of such fiber cement flooring products in the building industry. The present invention further relates to fiber cement formulations and fiber cement materials, which are suitable for the production of fiber cement products for flooring applications.

Abstract: The method for the physical reutilization of sheet-like siliconized structures comprises treating the sheet-like siliconized structure in a liquid digestion system comprising acetic anhydride and/or an acetoxysiloxane, and at least one Brønsted acid, optionally solvent, preferably with addition of acetic acid, and removing the desiliconized sheet-like structure from the liquid phase.

Abstract: Provided are a polycarbonate resin composition comprising a polycarbonate resin, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, a black dye, and a blue dye, and an optical molded product comprising same.

Abstract: A covering device for arrangement on at least one outer or one inner region of a motor vehicle includes at least one form element which is produced and/or can be produced by means of injection moulding and has an inner side oriented towards the motor vehicle and an outer side oriented away from the motor vehicle, one or more lighting devices for emitting light. The covering device also includes at least one covering element which, for covering the form element at least in regions, is arranged at least in regions on the outer side of the form element, at least part of the light emitted by the lighting device being able to pass through the form element and/or the covering element.

Abstract: A flexible display apparatus includes at least two flexible elements, and at least one adhesive layer bonding the at least two flexible elements. The flexible display apparatus has a bendable region, each adhesive layer includes a first portion in the bendable region and a second portion, and at least part of the second portion is located outside the bendable region. The adhesive layer is configured such that at a same temperature, a storage modulus of the first portion is greater than a storage modulus of the second portion. A thickness of the first portion is less than or equal to a thickness of the adhesive layer.

Abstract: Methods for forming protective coatings on aerospace components are provided. In one or more embodiments, the method includes exposing an aerospace component to a first precursor and a first reactant to form a first deposited layer on a surface of the aerospace component by a first deposition process (e.g., CVD or ALD), and exposing the aerospace component to a second precursor and a second reactant to form a second deposited layer on the first deposited layer by a second deposition process. The first deposited layer and the second deposited layer have different compositions from each other. The method also includes repeating the first deposition process and the second deposition process to form a nanolaminate film stack having from 2 pairs to about 1,000 pairs of the first deposited layer and the second deposited layer consecutively deposited on each other.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a power module that has a base to which a power semiconductor device is bonded and a sealing body for sealing said base and in which the base and the sealing body are bonded with a primer layer interposed therebetween, said primer layer being formed of a cured product of a silicone-modified polyimide resin composition containing, for example, components (A) to (E) below, has high reliability because delamination of an epoxy sealing resin under high temperature conditions is suppressed. (A) Silicone-modified polyimide resin represented by formula (1) Ee-Ff-Gg??(1) E is represented by formula (2), F is represented by formula (3), G is a divalent group derived from diamine, f+e+g=100 mol %, the molar ratio f/(e+g) is 0.9-1.1, and e is 1-90 when the sum of e and g is 100.

Abstract: Coating material combination consisting of a coating material for forming a surfacer coat and a coating material for forming a topcoat, and use thereof for producing a coating system consisting of a surfacer coat and topcoat on a substrate. The substrate preferably comprises the body or the cabin of a motor vehicle, or a constituent thereof. The coating material combination of the invention is suitable especially for producing coatings consisting of a cured surfacer coat and a cured topcoat on automobiles and commercial vehicles, such as trucks, vans, or buses.

Abstract: A preparation method for covalent organic framework 5 (COF-5) includes: adding 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene and 1,4-phenylenebisboronic acid to a mixed solution of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and 1,4-dioxane to form a mixture in the anhydrous and oxygen-free environment; and the addition ratio of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene:1,4-phenylenebisboronic acid:1,3,5-trimethylbenzene:1,4-dioxane is 0.02-0.8 mmol:0.08-1.4 mmol:10-15 mL:10-15 mL; sealing the mixture in an airtight container; and obtaining a uniform dispersion solution after shaking the container for wholly mixing the components; heating the dispersion solution to a temperature ranging from 80-100° C.; reacting for a period of time ranging from 72-120 h; and obtaining a precipitate after the reaction; and washing the precipitate, drying the precipitate in vacuum, and heating the precipitate at a temperature ranging from 200-300° C. for a period of time ranging from 1-3 h with a protective atmosphere to obtain COF-5 crystal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to articles that include one or more coated fiber(s) (i.e., fiber(s) with a cured coating disposed thereon), where the coating includes a matrix of crosslinked polymers and optionally a colorant (e.g., pigment particles or dye or both). The cured coating is a product of crosslinking a coating composition including uncrosslinked polymers (e.g., a dispersion of uncrosslinked polymers in a carrier, wherein the uncrosslinked polymers are crosslinked to form the matrix of crosslinked polymers). The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the coated fibers, methods of forming the coated fibers and articles, and methods of making articles including the coated fibers.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a polyester film, to a process for preparing the same, and to a process for regenerating a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container using the same. The polyester film has excellent seaming characteristics and recyclability by virtue of controlled crystallinity, whereby clumping rarely occurs even if it is thermally treated for a long period of time in the regeneration process.

Abstract: A conductive fabric filter includes a non-woven fabric coated with copper by electroless plating, and the non-woven fabric has pores and is conductive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an esterquat by a transesterification reaction of a fatty acid oil or a mixture comprising one or more fatty acid oils and one or more fatty acids with a tertiary hydroxy amine and then a quaternization reaction. Esterquats obtained by the method of the invention show beneficial properties in particular when used as active component in fabric softener materials.

Abstract: A method of painting a vehicle according to an embodiment including a first member and a second member which includes a painting surface and which is made of a material different from that of the first member. The method includes acquiring an environmental condition and a painting condition when the first member has been painted, and determining an environmental condition and a painting condition for the second member, which are determined in advance so that a color of the second member and a color of the first member will have a sameness in view of the acquired environmental condition and painting condition for the first member, as the environmental condition and the painting condition at the time of painting the second member which may be used together with the first member.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a resin composition for a camera module having excellent laser transmittance and a camera module member produced using the same. In one embodiment, the resin composition for a camera module includes: 25 to 50 wt % of a polycarbonate resin; 5 to 30 wt % of a polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) resin; 30 to 50 wt % of a fibrous filler; and 0.001 to 5 wt % of a dye.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a polyester-based film and a process for regenerating a polyester-based container using the same, which not only solve the environmental problems by enhancing the recyclability of polyester-based containers but also are capable of enhancing the quality, yield, and productivity. When the polyester-based film is cut into a size of 1 cm in width and 1 cm in length, immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) having a concentration of 1% by weight, and stirred for 15 minutes at 85° C. at a speed of 240 m/minute, the average particle size of the component of the printing layer separated from the base layer satisfies 15 ?m or more. Thus, it is possible to enhance the quality of the regenerated polyester-based chips produced from the polyester-based container provided with the polyester-based film.

Abstract: A coating composition may include a polymeric binder and bacteria that exhibit biologically induced mineralization (BIM) or biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the presence of environmental calcium. The bacteria may exhibit BIM or BCM of CaCO3 using the ChaA antiporter protein. The coating formulations may be used to form coatings that exhibit self-healing properties in response to damage, such as a cut, tear, puncture, abrasion, or the like. For example, in response to being exposed to the damage, the bacteria may utilize nutrients, a calcium source, and water to cause precipitation of CaCO3 at the site of the damage. The nutrients, the calcium source, and the water may be provided as part of the coating formulation, as part of another layer of a coating system, from an external source (e.g., an applied spray or wash), or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Protective coatings on an aerospace component are provided. An aerospace component includes a surface containing nickel, nickel superalloy, aluminum, chromium, iron, titanium, hafnium, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof, and a coating disposed on the surface, where the coating contains a nanolaminate film stack having two or more pairs of a first deposited layer and a second deposited layer. The first deposited layer contains chromium oxide, chromium nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or any combination thereof, the second deposited layer contains aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, yttrium oxide, yttrium nitride, yttrium silicon nitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium nitride, hafnium silicide, hafnium silicate, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium silicide, titanium silicate, or any combination thereof, and the first deposited layer and the second deposited layer have different compositions from each other.

Abstract: A polyimide film and a flexible display device cover substrate using the same are provided, and the polyimide film includes a polyimide and a blue infrared absorbing agent. The blue infrared absorbing agent includes cesium tungsten oxide, tungsten oxide, Prussian blue, or antimony tin oxide. The blue infrared absorbing agent has infrared absorbing and photothermal conversion effects, and the surface temperature of the polyimide resin may be increased by infrared irradiation, so as to shorten the baking time.

Abstract: Composite materials include a non-ferrous metal matrix with reinforcing carbon fiber integrated into the matrix. The composite materials have substantially lower density than non-ferrous metal, and are expected to have appreciable strength. Methods for forming composite non-ferrous metal composites includes combining a reinforcing carbon fiber component, such as a woven polymer, with non-ferrous metal nanoparticles and sintering the non-ferrous metal nanoparticles in order to form a non-ferrous metal matrix with reinforcing carbon fiber integrated therein.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for generating a three-dimensional object, comprising directing at least one strand material from a source of at least one strand material towards a base. Next, at least a first light beam and a second light beam from a light source is used to subject at least one strand material to heating at one or more locations along at least one strand material. At least a portion of the three-dimensional object may be generated from at least one strand material upon subjecting at least one strand material to heating along one or more locations.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a copolymerized polyester which is effective as a binder ingredient for aqueous paint, and a copolymerized polyester aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional article includes (1) receiving a data file, (2) analyzing the data file, and (3) defining a support structure. The data file defines a hollow three-dimensional article to be formed from a build material. Analyzing the data file includes identifying an opening that converges to an apex along the sequence of layers. The opening is at least partly defined by an inside edge of the three-dimensional article. The support structure is attached to the edge and closes the opening. The support structure includes a structural sheet portion and an interface web portion. The structure sheet portion defines a majority of an area of the support structure except for a boundary contour between the structural sheet portion and the inside edge. The interface web portion closes the boundary contour and defines a weakness contour for removing the structural portion from the three-dimensional article.

Abstract: An x-ray window can include an adhesive layer sandwiched between and providing a hermetic seal between a thin film and a housing. The adhesive layer can include liquid crystal polymer. The liquid crystal polymer can be opaque, gas-tight, made of low atomic number elements, able to withstand high temperature, low outgassing, low leakage, able to relieve stress in the x-ray window thin film, capable of bonding to many different materials, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for generating antireflective coatings for polymeric substrates using a deposition process and/or a dissolving process can provide a coating onto the outer surface of the substrate. Some embodiments can include a GLAD generated fluoropolymer coating or a co-evaporated fluoropolymer coating on a substrate that may achieve ultralow refractive index as well as improved adhesion and durability properties on polymeric substrates. In some embodiments, the deposition process is performed such that a fluoropolymer can be evaporated to form chain fragments of the fluoropolymer. The chain fragments diffused into the substrate can subsequently re-polymerize, interlocking with the polymer chains of the substrate. In some embodiments, the co-evaporation process can form a nanoporous polymer chain scaffold of the fluoropolymer, from which a sacrificial material can be dissolved out. The formed coating can be a multilayer or continuously-graded antireflective coating that has strong adhesion with the substrate.

Abstract: Gas barrier laminate that is simple to produce and has excellent water vapor barrier properties and gas barrier properties. Also a gas barrier laminate further excellent in recyclability and heat sealing properties, and a method for producing it. The gas barrier laminate has a water vapor barrier layer and a gas barrier layer in that order on at least one surface of a paper support, wherein the water vapor barrier layer contains a layered inorganic compound, a cationic resin and an anionic binder, the aspect ratio of the layered inorganic compound is 50 or more, the thickness of the layered inorganic compound is 200 nm or less, the content of the layered inorganic compound is 0.1 to 800 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the anionic binder, and the gas barrier layer contains a water-soluble polymer. Method for producing the gas barrier material by coating.

Abstract: A stretchable display device comprises a lower substrate; a plurality of island substrates where a plurality of pixels is defined, spaced apart from each other and disposed on the lower substrate and; a plurality of connecting lines electrically connected to a plurality of pads disposed on adjacent island substrates among the plurality of island substrates, wherein the plurality of connecting lines has a curved shape; and a plurality of conductive reinforcing members in contact with a portion of each connecting line.

Abstract: A coating of an outer plate contains a perylene-based pigment, and satisfies (ROH(P)/ROH(OA))?74, where ROH(P) is the highlight reflectance of the coating of the outer plate at a peak wavelength at which reflectance reaches the maximum value in a spectral reflectance curve, and ROH(OA) is the average highlight reflectance of the coating of the outer plate in a complementary wavelength range. A coating of an inner plate part contains a perylene-based pigment and an iron oxide-based pigment, the content of the perylene-based pigment in the coating of the inner plate part is in units of PWC, and the mass ratio of the content of the iron oxide-based pigment to the content of the perylene-based pigment in the coating of the inner plate part is 3-20%.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an organic dye comprising a photochromic entity, a segment -eD representing an electron donor segment and a segment -L-A with -L- representing a covalent bond or a spacer segment and particularly a pi-conjugated spacer segment, and -A representing an electron attractor segment able to form a covalent bond with a semi-conductor. The present invention concerns the use thereof as photosensitizer in a photovoltaic device and said photovoltaic device.

Abstract: A composite stiffener for a stiffener reinforced panel is disclosed. The stiffener has a longitudinal direction and a run-out region which terminates at an end of the stiffener. The stiffener also has a constant section region inboard of the run-out region in the longitudinal direction and having a constant cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction with a crown between adjacent foot portions. The run-out region has a changing cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction with a crown between adjacent foot portions and the crown reduces in height towards the end of the stiffener forming a ramp. The composite stiffener includes a number of blankets of non-crimp fabric layers.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating layer provided on the substrate, the coating layer including a multilayer structure layer composed of a first unit layer and a second unit layer, and a lone layer, the lone layer including cubic TizAl1-zN crystal grains, an atomic ratio z of Ti in the TizAl1-zN being 0.4 or more and less than 0.55, the lone layer having a thickness with an average value of 2.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, the multilayer structure layer having a thickness with an average value of 40 nm or more and 95 nm or less, one multilayer structure layer and one lone layer forming a repetitive unit having a thickness with an average value of 50 nm to 100 nm, a maximum value of 90 nm to 110 nm, and a minimum value of 40 nm to 60 nm.

Abstract: An adhesive film includes a resin film; and an adhesive layer provided on the resin film. The adhesive layer includes a resin composition including 2 parts by mass or more of an epoxy resin including two or more epoxy groups in molecules and having epoxy equivalents of 300 g/eq or less, per 100 parts by mass of an amorphous resin, which is soluble to a solvent and has a plurality of carboxyl groups in molecules, and which has a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or less and an acid value of 5 KOHmg/g or more. A flat wiring member includes a conductor and the adhesive film as described above.

Abstract: A security device and method of making thereof. The security device includes a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon the colour shifting element, and; an at least partially transparent light control layer covering at least a part of the colour shifting element and including a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, wherein; the light control layer includes at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence.