Abstract: A nickel base single crystal compliant layer on a ceramic blade has the capability to sustain high stresses and high operating temperature. Layers of nickel and platinum bonded on a single crystal superalloy over a sputtered gold-chromium layer support the high stress levels at elevated temperature without extrusion of the soft platinum or nickel layer and without destruction of an NiO compliant surface. The compliant layers have survived stress and temperature conditions without failure to the ceramic blade and the system can be stressed/heated and unloaded/cooled repeatedly without damage to the ceramic blades. A single crystal nickel base superalloy (i.e., SC180) has high strength properties at elevated temperature. Thin layers of chromium followed by gold are e-beam evaporated on one side of a polished surface of the alloy. Pure nickel is electroplated over this e-beam gold-chromium layer. Platinum is either electroplated or plated electrolessly over the nickel layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sliding member, of which the surface cavities do not disappear even after progress of wear of the sliding surface, which permits maintenance of a satisfactory seizure resistance, and has better seizure resistance, wear resistance and strength properties than in a sliding member having a porous chrome plating layer formed thereon in the conventional art. The sliding member of the invention has a laminated hard Cr plating layer comprising a plurality of hard Cr plating layers laminated on the sliding surface. Micro-cracks are formed on each hard Cr plating layer surface, and the micro-cracks of each hard Cr plating layer form micro-pores independent in the film-forming direction. On the cross-section of the laminated hard Cr plating layer, the porosity should be within a range of from 0.5 to 4.5%.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises one or more electroplated layers on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the electroplated layers a refractory metal nitride, refractory metal alloy nitride, or reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the nitrogen content of the refractory metal nitride, refractory metal alloy nitride or reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen is from about 3 to about 22 atomic percent.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer decorative and protective coating having the appearance of stainless steel. The coating comprises one or more electroplated layers on the surface of said article and vapor deposited on the electroplated layers a color layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal or refractory metal alloy, nitrogen and oxygen wherein the total nitrogen and oxygen content is from about 4 to about 32 atomic percent with the nitrogen content being at least about 3 atomic percent.

Abstract: A component for use in forming a printed circuit board comprised of a copper foil, a layer of chromium chemically deposited thereon, the layer of chromium having a thickness of less than about 0.10 &mgr;m; and a layer of electrodeposited copper on the layer of chromium, the layer of electrodeposited copper having a thickness of less than 35 &mgr;m. A nodular treatment layer is provided on the copper foil and the layer of electrodeposited copper.

Abstract: A metallic turbine blade (10) has a protective coating (22) applied to the shank (16) and the root (18) of the turbine blade (10). The protective coating (22) comprises a chromized coating (24) diffused into the surface of the metallic article (10) and a glass coating (26) on the chromized coating (24). The glass coating (26) comprises a silicate glass, preferably having a chromium oxide filler. The glass coating (26) preferably comprises a boron titanate silicate glass having a chromium oxide filler. The protective coating (22) provides oxidation and sulphidation resistance for the shank (16) and root (18) of the turbine blade (10).

Abstract: Sputter-deposited amorphous metal oxide films on substrates comprising an aluminum-containing support and a Ni-containing pre-coat reduce Ni ion migration significantly from the substrate onto the top surface of the magnetic recording media. Longitudinal magnetic recording media deposited on metal oxide sealing layers have very good magnetic recording performances and are suitable for high density recording application.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system includes an in-plane magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer fabricated on a single underlayer or on a plurality of underlayers respectively fabricated on a substrate; a driver unit for driving the in-plane magnetic recording medium in a write direction; a magnetic head having a read unit and a write unit; a unit for moving the magnetic head relative to the in-plane magnetic recording medium; and a read/write signal processing unit for reading an output signal from the magnetic head and writing an input signal to the magnetic recording media, wherein the read unit of the magnetic head is a magnetoresistive head and the single underlayer or at least one of the plurality of underlayers is made of Co-containing amorphous material or fine crystal material, or is made of alloy material, the alloy material having as the main components at least one element selected from a group consisting of Cr, Mo, V and Ta and containing at least one element selected from a group consisting o

Abstract: A Cu plated ceramic substrate is used in a semiconductor. On a ceramic substrate layer, a thin-film Cr layer is put, and a thin-firm Au layer is put on the Cr layer. The Au layer is plated with Cu. By providing the Au and Cr layers between the ceramic plate and Cu layer, adhesibility is increased. A Pertier element which includes the Cu plated ceramic layer is employed in a semiconductor to absorb and generate heat efficiently.

Abstract: A coated metal component made of an alloy containing an intentional addition of nitrogen, comprising an oxidation-resistant coating layer and an intermediate layer disposed between the oxidation-resistant coating layer and the component. The intermediate layer is substantially devoid of nitrogen which if present would form a nitride with the oxidation-resistant layer.

Abstract: A casting-die body (1) made of a hardenable copper alloy is provided with an inner wear-protective layer (7) of chromium whose hardness decreases from the billet-side surface (8) in the direction of the casting-die body (1). The wear-protective layer (7) is made up of two chromium layers (9, 10). For this purpose, the casting-die body (1) is given a solution heat treatment, is chromium plated, and is then hardened, as a result of which the initially very great hardness of the chromium layer (9) is reduced. The hardness of the chromium layer (9) then is about 650 HV. Subsequently, to increase the wear protection, the second chromium layer (10) is applied. The result is a conventional chromium-plated layer having a hardness of between 850 HV and 1050 HV.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of applying a coating by physical vapor deposition onto an article of organic material, in particular of non- conductive organic material such as plastic and/or epoxy material, especially ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers) and polymers with high temperature resistance, or onto an article of another composition coated with such organic material, wherein a Cr layer is deposited on the article prior to deposition of said coating to form a diffusion barrier for water coming from said article, said Cr layer itself being deposited by a physical vapor deposition process comprising at least the following steps:

Abstract: A diffusion-soldered joint and a method for making diffusion-soldered joints includes a particularly actively diffusing, low-melting-point intermediate layer, applied in the molten state, introduced in the form of a solder carrier between at least two joint components. The solder carrier includes a metal foil that is equipped on both sides with solder layers, wherein the solder layers may include multiple layers.

Abstract: To establish a technique of further improving the oxidation resistance of the glossy surface of a copper foil that has a composite layer containing chromium, zinc, and phosphorus on its glossy surface is achieved by a copper foil having excellent oxidation resistance characterized by a composite layer containing chromium, zinc, phosphorus, and nickel formed on the glossy surface of the foil and also to a method of manufacturing the same by electrolysis.

Abstract: An article having deposited on at least a portion of its surface a decorative and protective multi-layer coating comprising at least one nickel layer, a tin-nickel alloy layer, a chrome layer, and sandwich layer comprised of layers comprised of titanium or titanium alloy alternating with layers comprised of titanium compound such as titanium nitride or titanium alloy compound such as titanium nitride. The coating provides abrasion and corrosion protection to the underlying substrate and also protects the substrate from attack by chemicals such as acids and bases while being crack resistant and resistant to galvanic corrosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to metallic products and a process for producing these which allows, despite the complexity of their structure, for them to be produced in refractory alloys based on chromium.

Abstract: A laminated chromium plating layers providing improved wear resistance and fatigue strength for use in mechanical parts of an internal combustion engine. The lamination is formed on a base body and contains a plurality of high hardness chromium plating layer and a plurality of low hardness chromium plating layer, and each high hardness chromium plating layer is formed upon each low hardness chromium plating layer to provide the lamination of alternating high hardness chromium plating layer and low hardness chromium plating layer.

Abstract: A casting-die body (1) made of a hardenable copper alloy is provided with an inner wear-protective layer (7) of chromium whose hardness decreases from the billet-side surface (8) in the direction of the casting-die body (1). The wear-protective layer (7) is made up of two chromium layers (9, 10). For this purpose, the casting-die body (1) is given a solution heat treatment, is chromium plated, and is then hardened, as a result of which the initially very great hardness of the chromium layer (9) is reduced. The hardness of the chromium layer (9) then is about 650 HV. Subsequently, to increase the wear protection, the second chromium layer (10) is applied. The result is a conventional chromium-plated layer having a hardness of between 850 HV and 1050 HV.

Abstract: A component for use in manufacturing articles, such as printed circuit boards, comprised of a sheet of copper foil having an essentially uncontaminated surface facing an essentially uncontaminated surface of a sheet of metal, the surfaces of the sheets being in unattached contact with each other in an area that defines a substantially uncontaminated central zone, and the metal sheet being comprised of carbon steel having a layer of chromium thereon, wherein the chromium defines the substantially uncontaminated surface of the metal sheet.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic substrate having thereon a non-magnetic undercoat, a magnetic film and optionally a protective film. The magnetic film comprises a material containing Co as a main component. The non-magnetic undercoat comprises at least two layers including a first undercoat film and a second undercoat film provided on the first undercoat film. The first undercoat film comprises a material containing Cr as a main component, and the second undercoat film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a Cr/Nb-base alloy, a Cr/W-base alloy, a Cr/V-base alloy and a Cr/Mo-base alloy as a main component.

Abstract: A metallic layer is coated onto a polyimide substrate by sputtering a layer of chromium followed by a layer of copper whereby the rate of deposition of the chromium is about 4 angstroms/second or less.

Abstract: A process for producing a terminal metal pad structure electrically interconnecting a package and other components. More particularly, the invention encompasses a process for producing a plurality of corrosion-resistant terminal metal pads. Each pad includes a base pad containing copper which is encapsulated within a series of successively electroplated metal encapsulating films to produce a corrosion-resistant terminal metal pad.

Abstract: This invention provides a covered member which possesses a high bond strength of a base material and a covering film, and has a smooth surface. The covered member comprises a base material and a covering film and the surface of the base material to be covered with the covering film is characterized by an uneven surface having projections with an average height in the range from 10 to 100 nm and an average width of not more than 300 nm. The uneven surface can be formed by ion impacting. A surface of a covering film formed on that is smooth since the unevenness of the surface is extremely fine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead frame material and a process for manufacturing a lead frame material. The process includes forming an intermediate layer on a lead frame substrate by vacuum deposition and forming a top protective layer on the intermediate layer by vacuum deposition. By using vacuum deposition, the coating material can be selected from a wider variety of materials; thus, coatings with novel compositions can be formed. The intermediate layer can be Ni, Ag, W, Zn, Cr, Mo, Cu, Sn, Al, Ta, Co, Nb, or alloys thereof, and the top protective layer can be Pt, Ir, Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Au, Ag, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a composite foil comprising an aluminum carrier layer and an ultra-thin copper foil having a protective layer disposed between them comprising a porous copper layer and an interpenetrating zinc layer. A process for producing such composite foils comprises the steps of preparing the surface of the aluminum carrier, electrodepositing a porous copper layer on the aluminum carrier layer followed by electrodepositing a zinc layer, and then electrodepositing two layers of copper to form the ultra-thin copper foil. The composite foil provides a uniform bond strength between the aluminum carrier and the protective layer which is adequate to prevent separation of the carrier and ultra-thin copper foil during handling and lamination, but which is significantly lower than the peel strength of a copper/substrate bond, so that the carrier can easily be removed after lamination of the composite foil to an insulating substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to disposable thermal packs comprising a unified structure having at least one continuous layer of a semirigid material which softens when heated. The thermal packs also comprise a plurality of individual heat cells, which typically comprise an exothermic composition, spaced apart and fixed throughout the unified structure. The material of the continuous layer or layers provide sufficient rigidity to maintain structural support of the heat cells, to prevent unacceptable stretching of structures of the continuous layer or layers during processing or use of the thermal packs, and to deter easy access to heat cell contents, while also providing good overall drape characteristics when heated. The thermal packs, when incorporated into body wraps, pads, and the like, provide efficient and effective heat coverage by having excellent conformity with various body forms.

Abstract: A woodgrained member having at least a color clear layer 22 on a surface of a woodgrained urethane-based member 16, comprises concave portions formed at the surface of the urethane-based member 16, a wood filler 20 embedded into the concave portions and a color clear layer 22 provided on the surface of the urethane-based member into which the wood filler 20 has been embedded, wherein the depth of the concave portions is 0.02 mm.about.0.1 mm. The urethane-based member 16 which has above structure and has a Shore A hardness of 75 or more, a Shore D hardness of 20 or more, an extensibility of 80.about.300%, and a density of 0.3.about.0.9 g/cm.sup.3 is a steering wheel.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system of the type having an enclosure housing a process chamber and a supply of cleaning gas, features a lid having a base plate with opposed first and second major surfaces and a plurality of throughways extending therebetween to provide an asymmetric flow of cleaning gas into the chamber. Specifically, a subportion of the second major surface lies in a plane of truncation and faces the process chamber when the lid is in a closed position. The remaining portions of the second major surface are recessed, defining central and annular recesses. The annular recess has a base surface and two spaced-apart side surfaces extending from the base surface and terminating proximate to the plane of truncation. The plurality of throughways consists of primary and secondary throughways, each of which extends from an opening in the first major surface and terminates in an orifice.

Abstract: A reinforcement pad can be applied to sheets of paper, such as notebook paper. The reinforcement pad generally comprise a ring having a split region. The split region permits placement of the reinforcement ring around an object, such as the ring of a ring binder, without removing the sheet to be repaired or splitting the ring. Preferably, the ring includes an adhesive surface that permits easy mounting to the desired sheet at the damaged area.

Abstract: A gasket having two opposed faces and an edge disposed therebetween is given a wide coating on the edge. The coating is sufficiently wide so that it goes from corner to corner on the edge and protrudes past the corner on at least one side of the gasket in a direction perpendicular to a facial plane of the gasket. The coating protrudes in an amount effective to give the gasket a sealing ability which is better than the sealing ability of the same gasket if it had a coating merely extending from corner to corner without protruding.

Abstract: An improved award medal capable of being configured to include bright attractive colors and any number of unique and/or intricate designs. The award medal of the present invention is structured to be formed of a relatively soft material which includes a weight element so as to substantially duplicate the weight of a conventional metallic award medal. The improved award medal includes a main body preferably formed to have a generally flat, plate-like configuration and appearance, with a first outer surface, a second outer surface, and a surrounding peripheral sidewall. The main body will be formed of a substantially soft, resilient, rubber material and ideally, a rubberized polyvinyl chloride material. In order to provide structural integrity to the main body, a substantially heavy weight assembly is disposed within the improved award medal. Additionally, a variety of decorative indicia are positioned on at least one of the outer surfaces of the main body.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer comprising a single crystalline lattice suitable for use in the manufacture of integrated circuits, namely computer chips and dies, wherein a diameter of the wafer is greater than approximately 150 millimeters and wherein the wafer includes a first hole extending through the wafer. The hole is adapted to facilitate handling of the wafer without directly contacting a surface of the wafer. The wafer preferably includes a primary flat and the first hole includes a flat side having a predetermined and known orientation with respect to the primary flat of the wafer. In one embodiment, the wafer further includes a guide hole formed near the first hole such that the center-points of the first hole and the guide hole are oriented with a predetermined and known orientation with respect to the primary flat of the wafer.

Abstract: A moxibusting implement includes a loess support having a centrally located receiving through hole and a cross-shaped air circulative groove at a lower surface thereof, the cross-shaped air circulative groove being in communication with the receiving hole in the loess support and extending from the receiving hole to an outer periphery of the loess support; a filter paper at the lower surface of the loess board; a paper board at a lower surface of the filter paper, the paper board having a receiving through hole therein which is co-axially aligned with the receiving hole in the loess support; an exfoliation paper at a lower surface of the paper board; and a cylindrical moxa at an upper surface of the loess support and having a hole which is co-axially aligned with the receiving hole in the loess support, the moxa being aligned with the receiving hole of the loess support, such that the moxibusting implement is capable of obtaining a wormwood effect and a strong and deep moxibusting effect by producing far-infr

Abstract: A graphite having geometrically shaped holes limited to the top atomic layer such as circles, polygons and combinations thereof, and a method of preparing a graphite having geometrically shaped holes such as circles, polygons and combinations thereof where the geometrically shaped holes are limited to the top atomic layer.

Abstract: Solid disks of polyethylene oxide are radiation crosslinked to instill viscoelastic memory. The disks are then pierced with a needle, heated, cooled and the needle removed to form disks containing a flow orifice in each which upon contact with water will revert to solid disks. A disk with a flow orifice made as just described when used as a memory flow control valve in a conventional injection device will produce a syringe with a single-use, auto-destruct capability. When the disk is inserted in a retainer in the flow channel of the injection device, a drug/vaccine can be drawn into the syringe and then expelled for a preselected time less than six minutes before the water in the drug/vaccine causes the flow orifice in the disk to close, the disk then reverting to its solid shape due to its viscoelastic memory.

Abstract: A transparent protective cover for the play side of an optical disc is made of poly-carbon film. The protective cover is annular in shape and is appropriately sized to fit the various disc formats. There is provided an inner crevice or groove that fits the inner molding of a disc allowing for greater structural integrity and which assists in the placement of the protector on the disc. The device is attached to the disc using several clips that are located around the perimeter.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of high temperature composites made by the chemical vapor infiltration and deposition of a binding matrix within a porous structure. More particularly, the invention relates to pressure gradient processes for forcing infiltration of a reactant gas into a porous structure, apparatus for carrying out those processes, and the resulting products. The invention is particularly suited for the simultaneous CVI/CVD processing of large quantities (hundreds) of aircraft brake disks.

Abstract: Composite nanoparticles comprising an elemental metal core surrounded by a metal-containing shell material are described wherein the particles have an average diameter of from about 5-500 nm; the core metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of the transition metals and especially Fe, Co and Ni, whereas the shell material is advantageously a metal such as an alkaline earth metal, or a metal salt such as a metal oxide or metal halide. The shell material is preferably more oxophilic than the elemental core material, enabling the core metal to remain purely metallic. These core/shell composite particles can be used to fabricate magnetizable recording media such as tapes and disks.

Abstract: An adhesive sheet for wafer setting, comprising a wafer setting part composed of an expansible film and an adhesive layer for wafer setting and a marginal part outside the wafer setting part,wherein the marginal part has an antiexpansibility greater than that of the wafer setting part. This enables secure expansion in a process for producing an electronic component.

Abstract: The signal-to-noise ratio of a magnetic recording medium having a thin magnetic layer is improved by adjusting the deposition conditions of the underlayer so that the magnetic layer is pseudo-epitaxially grown with a substantially uniform sub-micron-scale morphology. Uniform sub-micron-scale morphology can be attained by strategic selection of the underlayer and magnetic layer materials, and by controlling the underlayer deposition conditions so that the magnetic layer is epitaxially grown by a growth mechanism which is predominantly layer by layer. In an embodiment of the present invention, an underlayer comprising an alloy of chromium with vanadium, titanium or manganese, or an underlayer comprising a nickel-aluminum alloy, is sputter deposited at a pressure less than about 10 mTorr, substrate temperature greater than about 300.degree. C. and substrate bias greater than about 300 V, and a cobalt magnetic layer is epitaxially grown thereon, predominantly layer by layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to disposable thermal packs comprising a unified structure having at least one continuous layer of a semirigid material which softens when heated. The thermal packs also comprise a plurality of individual heat cells, which typically comprise an exothermic composition, spaced apart and fixedly attached across the unified structure. The material of the continuous layer or layers provide sufficient rigidity to maintain structural support of the heat cells, to prevent unacceptable stretching of structures of the continuous layer or layers during processing or use of the thermal packs, and to ensure child resistance, while also providing good overall drape characteristics when heated. The thermal packs, when incorporated into body wraps, pads, and the like, provide uniform heat coverage by having excellent conformity with various body forms.

Abstract: An improved substrate and stamper holder and method of forming substrates are disclosed. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a substrate for a DVD has a moat with a capillary barrier shape. Under one embodiment, the moat has a region with an abrupt outer diameter transition. One embodiment has the outer diameter transition at approximately at a right angle relative to a registering surface of the substrate. Another embodiment of the invention provides a wider moats. The improvements reduce the likelihood of resin wicking past the moats.

Abstract: A piston ring formed with a nitrided layer over all surfaces and formed with a composite chromium plating film over the nitrided layer in the outer circumferential surface. The composite chromium plating film has a network of cracks formed on the outer surface and interior. Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 particles are fixed in these cracks. The average size of the Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 particles is 0.8 to 3 .mu.m and the dispersion ratio of the Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 particles is 3 to 15 percent by volume.

Abstract: A spherical annular seal member which has a cylindrical inner surface defining a through hole in a central portion thereof as well as an outer surface formed in the shape of a partially convex spherical surface, and which is used particularly in an exhaust pipe joint, includes: a reinforcing member made from a compressed metal wire net; a heat-resistant material filling meshes of the reinforcing member and compressed in such a manner as to be formed integrally with the reinforcing member in mixed form, the heat-resistant material and the reinforcing member being provided as principal components in an interior portion of the spherical annular seal member which extends from the cylindrical inner surface to a vicinity of the outer surface formed in the shape of the partially convex spherical surface, aluminum phosphate being also formed integrally with the reinforcing member and the heat-resistant material in mixed form; a sliding layer formed of a lubricating composition which is constituted of boron nitride an

Abstract: An apparatus for resisting adhesion by materials on a movable assembly, the apparatus having a body member adapted to be mounted on the movable assembly at a position susceptible to the adhesion and which is so constructed as to be capable of incurring contact from the materials substantially without the adhesion resulting from such contact.

Abstract: A method for leak testing of a hermetic package closure comprises the steps of: creating a pocket in a lid; plating the lid; placing solder in the pocket; melting the solder in the pocket; drilling a hole through the solder and the plated lid creating an unplated area on the plated lid; testing the hermetic package closure for leaks through the hole; heating the solder reflow, wherein surface tension of the solder over the hole and the unplated area enable the solder to form a hermetic closure.

Abstract: Chromium-tantalum oxides (Cr-TaO.sub.x), including chromium-tantalum pentoxide (Cr-Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5), chromium-tantalum tetrioxide (Cr-Ta.sub.2 O.sub.4 or Cr-TaO.sub.2), sputtering targets containing them, and their manufacture are disclosed. The targets are characterized by high density, uniform TaO.sub.x distribution, low impedance and stable plasma during the sputtering. The Cr-Ta oxides are used as a thin film sublayer to improve the coercivity and other characteristics of magnetic recording media deposited on metallic or non-metallic substrates used in hard disks for data storage.

Abstract: A joint disc made of a fiber composite material with a plurality of flexible leaf elements and a plurality of angular fixing elements which are composed of laminations of fiber composite material, with the leaf elements, at each of their ends, having an increasing thickness extending at least over 10% of their length.

Abstract: An improved baffle (24) for directing the light discharged from a deuterium lamp includes a plate-like member configured as a cylindrical segment (25), an aperture (27) provided through a central portion (26) of the member, and a flattened portion (26) about the aperture. The flattened portion is of such size and has a surface of such reflectivity as to substantially eliminate interference ring(s) of discontinuous light intensity from the light output of the lamp. A deuterium employing the improved baffle affords the advantage of markedly-increased light intensity, as compared with prior art baffles, at selected wavelengths.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a substrate structure for supporting a thin film with specific temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) thereon. The substrate structure includes a substrate composed of a borosilicate glass. The substrate further includes an interface layer of LaSiONx covering a top surface of the substrate. The substrate supports the thin film includes a platinum thin film thereon. The substrate structure further includes an adhesion anchoring seam disposed as a bonding seam interfacing the thin film to the substrate for securely attaching the thin film to the substrate therein. The bonding seam is disposed on a boundary edge of the thin film and includes a nickel-chromium alloy anchor seam disposed on the boding seam. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate structure includes a protective layer covering and protecting the substrate structure thereunder.