Abstract: A lead-acid battery which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte contains volatile organic acid and the content of volatile organic acid is 250 mg or lower per liter of the electrolyte. The present invention can improve the performance of the lead-acid battery.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an electrolyte dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. The negative electrode uses a low crystalline carbon coated graphite in which at least part of the surface of graphite is coated with a low crystalline carbon material having lower crystallinity than that of graphite as a negative electrode active material, and the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a lithium salt which has oxalate complex as an anion, in addition to a mixed solvent of propylene carbonate and chain carbonate as a non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A power cell (100A) has an electrolyte that includes a reodox pair comprising cerium. The electrolyte in preferred cells is an acid electrolyte that comprises a element ion complexed by an organic acid or a chelating agent, and contemplated electrolytes may further include a compound that reduces the hydrogen overpotential. Where the power cell comprises a plurality of cells (100B), preferred configurations may include glassy carbon as bipolar electrolytes.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte battery of this invention includes: a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material; an organic electrolyte comprising at least an organic solvent and a solute dissolved in the organic solvent; and an additive that suppresses an increase in internal resistance. The additive includes at least one of phthalazone and a phthalazone derivative. The addition of the additive to the battery suppresses an increase in internal resistance upon storage and upon charge/discharge cycling, thereby making it possible to improve the storage characteristics and charge/discharge cycle characteristic of the battery.

Abstract: A secondary battery capable of improving the cycle characteristics and the swollenness characteristics is provided. The secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The anode includes an anode active material layer having a plurality of fine pores on an anode current collector. The anode active material layer contains an anode active material and an anode binder. A change rate of a mercury intrusion into the plurality of fine pores measured by mercury penetration technique is distributed to show a peak in the pore diameter range from 30 nm to 10000 nm, both inclusive.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte can suppress decomposition of a solvent, improve the cycle life of a secondary battery, suppress the rise of resistance of a secondary battery and improve the capacity maintenance ratio of a secondary battery A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery formed by using such a non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an aprotic solvent and a disulfonic acid ester as expressed by chemical formula 1 shown below, a positive electrode and a negative electrode:

Abstract: An electrochemical cell with an alkali metal containing anode having high discharge capacity, charge efficiency and low self-discharge. The addition of at least one nitramide or dinitramide salt of a metal cation to the electrochemical cell electrolyte unexpectedly lowers first cycle irreversible capacity, adds higher cycle life, lowers self-discharge and beneficially addresses several additional degrees of freedom with respect to electrolyte solvent selection while providing higher charge capacity. Additives include the lithium metal salts of nitramide or dinitramide, and the electrolyte consists essentially of a lithium metal salt dissolved in a at least one of an aqueous solvent, molten salt solvent system and a non-aqueous solvent mixture of at least one of organic ethers, esters, carbonates, acetals.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a secondary battery comprising an electrolyte salt and an electrolyte solvent, the electrolyte further comprising both a cyclic diester compound and a sulfinyl group-containing compound. Also, disclosed is an electrode having a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film partially or totally formed on a surface thereof, the SEI film being formed by electrical reduction of the above compounds. Further, a secondary battery comprising the electrolyte and/or the electrode is disclosed.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery is provided such that the positive electrode comprises lead dioxide, the negative electrode comprises at least one alloy, and the electrolyte is alkaline. Upon discharge, the lead dioxide is reduced to lead oxide, and the electrolyte remains unchanged. The alloy of the negative electrode can be a metal hydride. The reactions are reversed when the battery is charged.

Abstract: An electrochemical energy storage device includes a negative electrode which contains a carbon material and has a negative electrode potential of 1.4 V or less relative to a lithium reference when being charged, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution prepared by dissolving a lithium salt, an ammonium salt, and at least one kind of fluorinated benzene selected among hexafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetrafluorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene and 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene, in a non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Electrodes and electrolytes for nickel-zinc secondary battery cells possess compositions that limit dendrite formation and other forms of material redistribution in the zinc electrode. In addition, the electrolytes may possess one or more of the following characteristics: good performance at low temperatures, long cycle life, low impedance and suitability for high rate applications.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving the cycle characteristics is provided. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The anode has an anode active material layer that contains an anode active material containing silicon on an anode current collector, and intensity ratio I1/I2 between peak intensity I1 originated in (220) crystalline plane of silicon obtained by X-ray diffraction and peak intensity I2 originated in (111) crystalline plane of silicon obtained by X-ray diffraction is 0.05 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonaqueous and nonvolatile liquid type polymeric electrolyte comprising poly(siloxane-g-ethylene oxide). This electrolyte provides significant safety and stability. The present invention solves the problems of volatility, flammability and chemical reactivity of lithium ion type electrolytes. The disclosed electrolyte exhibits excellent stability, conductivity and low impedance characteristics. The electrolyte comprises a new class of structural siloxane polymers with one or more poly(ethylene oxide) side chains. The inorganic siloxanes comprising the main backbone of the copolymers are thermally very stable and resistant to decomposition by heat. Because the main chain of the disclosed class of electrolytes is an Si—O linkage, initiation of the combustion cycle is inhibited or prevented.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous electrolyte solution for production of a nickel cathode is provided which includes nickel ions, and 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol. The 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol may be present in the acidic aqueous electrolyte solution in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to about 300 ppm. Also provided is a process for electrowinning or electrorefining a nickel cathode which includes providing an acidic aqueous electrolyte solution including nickel ions, and 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol; and electrolytically depositing nickel to form a nickel cathode. Addition of 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol results in a reduction of striations and other defects which may occur on the surface of cathodes made by electrowinning or electrorefining.

Abstract: An electric cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing aluminum or aluminum alloy, and an electrolyte arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte includes: at least one ion selected from a group of a sulfate ion (SO42?) and a nitrate ion (NO3?), the concentration of the ion being in the range of 0.2 to 16 M/L; and an additive selected from a group of an organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, a hydrate of the organic acid, an ester of the organic acid, an ion of the organic acid, and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Provided are an aqueous electrolyte composition including hydrophilic microparticles and a sealed-type primary film battery including an electrolyte layer formed of the aqueous electrolyte composition. In the sealed-type primary film battery, a separation film is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and has a plurality of through-holes. A non-flowable electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes first and second electrolyte layers extending parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a plurality of third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film so as to be integrally connected to the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer. Due to the third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film, an ion transfer path in the electrolyte layer is shortened.

Abstract: Rechargeable batteries have been fabricated using doped nonconjugated conductive polymers as the cathode and various metals such as aluminum, copper and zinc as the anode. A nonconjugated conductive polymer is a polymer with at least one double bond in the repeat with the double bond number fraction of less than ½. The dopants include electron acceptors such as iodine. Various electrolytes including potassium iodide dissolved in water can be used. A paste formed by dissolving potassium iodide and poly(vinyl alcohol) in water has been used to demonstrate batteries in the shape of large-area sheets (11 cm×11 cm×5 mm). An open circuit voltage of 1.25 volts and a capacity more than 5 mAh have been observed. The batteries are rechargeable using an external power supply.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating an aqueous composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and at least one organic solvent, wherein a part of solvent is distilled off by distillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary battery which is less expensive, whose safety is extremely high, which is of large capacity as well as good cyclic characteristic, and which uses an aqueous solution for the electrolytic solution. A lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is constituted by including a positive electrode, formed by binding a positive-electrode raw-material mixture including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, formed by binding a negative-electrode raw-material mixture including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution, comprising an aqueous solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved, said positive electrode active material including at least one of a layered structure lithium-manganese composite oxide whose basic composition is LiMnO2 and an olivine structure lithium-iron composite phosphorus oxide whose basic composition is LiFePO4.

Abstract: A composition for prolonging battery life by reducing water loss and the degradation of properties due to dendritic precipitation, is refreshingly added to a battery electrolyte. By the refreshment of the composition, battery cycle life is substantially increased while degradation of the internal battery components is substantially reduced.

Abstract: For utilizing the chemical energy of a sugar directly as electric energy, electrolytic oxidation of a sugar on the negative electrode associated with cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond thereof is employed, thereby generating an electromotive force between the positive electrode and the negative electrode having an electrolyte therebetween. For an efficient oxidation of a sugar, it is effective for the negative electrode to have a component capable of forming a coordination compound with a sugar via a hydroxyl group thereof. Such a component may comprise a metal element capable of forming an amphoteric hydroxide. Use of an oxygen electrode as the positive electrode gives a battery capable of efficiently converting the chemical energy of a sugar into electric energy.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte retained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. The alkaline storage battery further includes a first compound for adsorbing ammonia between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode comprises a second compound for increasing oxygen overvoltage at a time of overcharge. Thus, an alkaline storage battery with particularly little self-discharge can be provided.

Abstract: An electric device has a plurality of cells in which in an acid electrolyte a lanthanide and zinc form a redox couple that provide a current, and in which at least two of the cells are separated by a bipolar electrode that comprises a glassy carbon or a Magneli phase titanium suboxide.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a cathode having a cathode active material capable of electrochemically doping/dedoping lithium, an anode having an anode active material capable of electrochemically doping/dedoping lithium and a nonaqueous electrolyte interposed between the cathode and the anode. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes at least one or more kinds of vinylene carbonate, methoxybenzene compounds or antioxidants. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a good cyclic characteristic under any environment of low temperature, ambient temperature and high temperature.

Abstract: A battery comprises an acid electrolyte in which a compound provides acidity to the electrolyte and further increases solubility of at least one metal in the redox pair. Especially preferred compounds include alkyl sulfonic acids and alkyl phosphonic acids, and particularly preferred redox coupled include Co3+/Zn0, Mn3+/Zn0, Ce4+/V2+, Ce4+/Ti3+, Ce4+/Zn0, and Pb4+/Pb0.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte is dosed with an additive which acts on the negative electrode to reduce electrolysis and, hence, water consumption of the cell during the course of operation of the cell, in particular when the cell is in a state of overcharge. The additive is arranged to reduce the flow of current between the electrodes when a potential ordinarily sufficient to cause electrolysis of the electrolyte is applied across the electrodes. The additive typically coats the negative electrode to form a barrier in conjunction with gas bubbles evolving from the negative electrode in order to reduce the flow of current to the electrode and/or a reduction in the flow of ions to the negative electrode and/or gas bubbles flowing from the negative electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution comprising an aqueous solution of an organic or inorganic acid whereto a water-soluble N-containing heterocyclic compound is added, and an electrochemical cell such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor that uses such an electrolytic solution.

Abstract: This invention is directed to modified thermal galvanic cells for conversion of heat into useful electrical energy by electrochemical action using thermal and concentration differences to enhance the power produced by the cell. The cells of the invention comprise active and inert electrodes.

Abstract: An interchangeable electrolyte contains an additive that promotes interchangeable use between batteries and electroplating cells by limiting dendritic deposition in battery cells and promoting a smooth finish in an electroplating cell, such that fresh or spent electrolyte can be used interchangeably in these type of cells.

Abstract: A power cell (100A) has an electrolyte that includes a reodox pair comprising cerium. The electrolyte in preferred cells is an acid electrolyte that comprises a element ion complexed by an organic acid or a chelating agent, and contemplated electrolytes may further include a compound that reduces the hydrogen overpotential. Where the power cell comprises a plurality of cells (100B), preferred configurations may include glassy carbon as bipolar electrolytes.

Abstract: An electric cell using aluminum in a negative electrode has a positive electrode, the negative electrode containing aluminum or aluminum alloy, and an electrolyte arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte includes: at least one ion selected from a group of a sulfate ion (SO42−) and a nitrate ion (NO3−); and an additive. The additive is selected from an organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, an hydrate of the organic acid, an ester of the organic acid, an ion of the organic acid, and derivatives thereof. Thus, the electric cell of the present invention using aluminum in a negative electrode allows the improvements in the voltage and the capacity of the cell as the generation of gas depending on the self-discharge can be prevented.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery which includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a hydrogen absorbing alloy containing manganese as an active material, a separator and an alkaline electrolyte and contains a complex-forming agent which does not include nitrogen and which creates a complex with manganese.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a nonaqueous cell employing an anode, a cathode and an organic electrolyte wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material, and the organic electrolyte contains a beta-aminoenone in a range of 0.1 to 5.0 volume percent based on the volume of the electrolyte solvent so as to aid in reducing the undesirably high initial open circuit voltage normally observed with the use of cathodes such as FeS2.

Abstract: In order to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity and excellent charge/discharge cycle characteristics, a halogen-containing organic magnesium compound represented by the formula (1): RMgX, where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, X is fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom; or the formula (2): RMgY, where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, Y is —ClO4−, —BF4−, —PF6− or —CF3SO3− is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A process for prolonging the life of a lead-acid battery by adding an organic polymer and ultra fine lignin to its electrolyte and then discharging the battery at a high current rate and the battery so produced.

Abstract: A battery comprises an acid electrolyte in which a compound provides acidity to the electrolyte and further increases solubility of at least one metal in the redox pair. Especially preferred compounds include alkyl sulfonic acids and alkyl phosphonic acids, and particularly preferred redox coupled include Co3+/Zn0, Mn3+/Zn0, Ce4+/V2+, Ce4+/Ti3+, Ce4+/Zn0, and Pb4+/Pb0.

Abstract: A process for prolonging the life of a lead-acid battery by adding an organic polymer and ultra fine lignin to its electrolyte and then charging the battery and the battery so produced.

Abstract: An improved button air cell is provided that contains zero mercury, is free of indium on the sealing surface of the anode cup and has an active material comprising zinc alloyed with lead. Also provided is a method of forming a button electrochemical cell free of mercury and having no indium on the inner surface of the anode cup.

Abstract: A composition for prolonging battery life by reducing water loss and the degradation of properties due to dendritic precipitation, is refreshingly added to a battery electrolyte. By the refreshment of the composition, battery cycle life is substantially increased while degradation of the internal battery components is substantially reduced.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition which is excellent in durability and charge transport performance, and an electrochemical battery in which deterioration of the charge transport performance with time is minimized, the electrolyte composition including therein a salt which comprises an anion which contains a mesogen group, and an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 carbons or more in the structure of the anion, and an organic or inorganic cation.

Abstract: A flat, flexible electrochemical cell is provided. The within invention describes various aspects of the flat, flexible electrochemical cell. A printed anode is provided that obviates the need for a discrete anode current collector, thereby reducing the size of the battery. An advantageous electrolyte is provided that enables the use of a metallic cathode current collector, thereby improving the performance of the battery. Printable gelled electrolytes and separators are provided, enabling the construction of both co-facial and co-planar batteries. Cell contacts are provided that reduce the potential for electrolyte creepage in the flat, flexible electrochemical cells of the within invention.

Abstract: An electric device has a plurality of cells in which in an acid electrolyte a lanthanide and zinc form a redox couple that provide a current, and in which at least two of the cells are separated by a bipolar electrode that comprises a glassy carbon or a Magneli phase titanium suboxide.

Abstract: A salicyl derivative or a salicylidene derivative such as salicyl alcohol or salicylaldehyde is added to a non-aqueous electrolyte to prevent evolution of gas caused by decomposition of the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous electrolyte solution absorber including an aqueous electrolyte solution absorbent polymer obtained by introducing a hydrophilic polar group to a water insoluble polymer and a material to be sucked. The aqueous electrolyte solution absorber is produced by filling a water permeable bag type member with the aqueous electrolyte solution absorbent polymer obtained by introducing the hydrophilic polar group to the water insoluble polymer and a material to be sucked. The aqueous electrolyte solution absorber is inexpensive and has a high safety, a broad applicable range and a good handling property upon transportation or storage. Thus, a large amount of aqueous electrolyte solution absorbers can be rapidly conveyed at one time even to a risky place where persons are endangered to convey the absorbers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution comprising an aqueous solution of an organic or inorganic acid whereto a water-soluble N-containing heterocyclic compound is added, and an electrochemical cell such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor that uses such an electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an alkaline electrolyte retained in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. The alkaline storage battery further includes a first compound for adsorbing ammonia between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode comprises a second compound for increasing oxygen overvoltage at a time of overcharge. Thus, an alkaline storage battery with particularly little self-discharge can be provided.

Abstract: A water-activated primary battery using magnesium or alloys thereof as the anode and a cathode of various material having a redox potential allowing a charge transfer reaction is described, said battery comprising one or more electrochemical cells enclosed in a casing (1), characterized in that it contains a pH buffer system formed by at least one acid having a ionization constant Ka≦0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for dehydrating an aqueous composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and at least one organic solvent, wherein said dehydration method of the composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide is characterized in that a part of solvent is distilled off by distillation.

Abstract: An alkaline electrochemical cell having a hydrogen absorbing alloy negative electrode. The electrochemical cell comprises an alkaline electrolyte comprising an additive material which reduces cell pressure by decreasing hydrogen gas evolution.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte is dosed with an additive which acts on the negative electrode to reduce electrolysis and, hence, water consumption of the cell during the course of operation of the cell, in particular when the cell is in a state of overcharge. The additive is arranged to reduce the flow of current between the electrodes when a potential ordinarily sufficient to cause electrolysis of the electrolyte is applied across the electrodes. The additive typically coats the negative electrode to form a barrier in conjunction with gas bubbles evolving from the negative electrode in order to reduce the flow of current to the electrode and/or a reduction in the flow of ions to the negative electrode and/or gas bubbles flowing from the negative electrode.