Abstract: A metal air battery including: a gas diffusion layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; at least one positive electrode layer disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the gas diffusion layer, wherein the positive electrode layer is configured to use oxygen as an active material and includes a first electrolyte; a second electrolyte disposed on the positive electrode layer; and a negative electrode metal layer disposed on the second electrolyte, wherein a side surface of the gas diffusion layer, which connects the first surface and the second surface of the gas diffusion layer, is exposed to an outside of the metal air battery, and the gas diffusion layer comprises an air flow channel that extends from the side surface of the gas diffusion layer which is exposed to the outside, to an inside of the gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: A rechargeable magnesium oxygen battery including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a non-aqueous magnesium ion electrolyte layer between the negative and positive electrodes, and an oxygen restrictor. The oxygen restrictor is configured to restrict oxygen crossover from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.

Abstract: Provided are electrochemical cells that include a compound having the general formula wherein R1 is moiety associated with a lithium ion, X1 and X3 are unsubstituted methylene moieties, X2 and X4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety, X is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety, R2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety, 0<m?1, 0?n?1, and m+n=1.

Abstract: A positive electrode for a lithium air battery includes a current collector and a catalyst layer positioned on the current collector. The catalyst layer includes a binder, a conductive particle surrounding the binder, and a catalyst particle spaced apart from the binder, the catalyst particle being on the surface of the conductive particle.

Abstract: A system and methods for managing water content in one or more electrochemical cell is disclosed. The system includes a gas-phase conduit for receiving humid gas-phase associated with the electrochemical cell, a desiccator unit connected to each electrochemical cell and configured for extracting water from the humid gas-phase, a heater for selectively heating the desiccator unit, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubber connected to the desiccator unit. The system may capture water vapor at the desiccator unit from a humid gas-phase exiting electrochemical cell, or release water vapor in desiccator unit, via actuation of heater, that is transported into the electrochemical cell depending on the mode of operation. The CO2 scrubber may also be used to capture water vapor, based on the mode of operation.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium air battery is provided. The battery contains a ceramic separator forming an anode chamber, a molten lithium anode contained in the anode chamber, an air cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cathode has a temperature gradient comprising a low temperature region and a high temperature region, and the temperature gradient provides a flow system for reaction product produced by the battery.

Abstract: An electrochemical assembly module of a system for storing energy, including an assembly of a plurality of elementary gas-electrode electrochemical cells, the assembly including a plurality of lugs respectively associated with the plurality of elementary electrochemical cells, the lugs being connected together by a connecting holder and receiving terminals of the elementary electrochemical cells so that the terminals are all electrically connected to one another by the connecting holder, and a plurality of elements forming connecting clips each receiving at least two terminals of at least two elementary electrochemical cells so that the at least two terminals are electrically connected to each other by the element forming a connecting clip that is associated therewith.

Abstract: An air battery includes: a cell frame of an insulating material having a bottomed frame shape in which an electrolytic solution and an anode are stored; a cathode that is disposed opposite the anode across the electrolytic solution stored in the cell frame; and a current collecting member that is electrically connected to the anode, wherein the anode and the current collecting member are electrically connected to each other via a plurality of electrically conducting members that penetrate a bottom of the cell frame.

Abstract: A method of forming lightweight structures from particle networks includes functionalizing edges of particles of an anisotropic material, exfoliating of the particles to form sheets of the material, aligning the sheets of material to form a network of multi-layered and aligned particles, and forming a structure out of the network of particles. One example uses graphite powder mixed into 4-aminobenzoic acid for edge functionalization, and exfoliation occurs with sonication in a solvent. The resulting particles undergo alignment with an aligning nozzle that also dispenses the aligned particles to form a structure.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, an arrangement for protecting electronics from interference radiation includes a housing and a circuit carrier for accommodating the electronics in an interior of the housing. The housing defines an opening for compensating the different pressures inside and outside the housing. The arrangement of the exemplary embodiment is also distinguished by a contact-making element of an electronic component of the electronics arranged between the opening and the circuit carrier in such a manner that the electronics are at least partially screened from interference radiation entering the housing through the opening.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery containing the same.

Abstract: A non-aqueous Na-oxygen battery utilizes a gas mixture of CO2 and O2 as fuel. The battery exhibits a comparatively high specific energy of 6500-7000 Whkg?1 over a range of CO2 feed compositions. The energy density achieved is higher, by 200% to 300%, than obtained with pure oxygen feed. Ex-situ FTIR and XRD analysis confirm Na2O2, Na2C2O4 and Na2CO3 as discharge products. The Na—O2/CO2 battery provides a promising approach for CO2 capture and conversion into electrical energy. The Na—O2/CO2 battery may be extended to other metals. In addition, operation of a metal battery fueled at least in-part by carbon dioxide within an optimal temperature range is considered.

Abstract: Embodiments include a displacement-generating battery cell for driving a drug-delivery device. The cell includes at least one volume-changing element. The cell also includes a housing formed according to a concertina-shaped design with folds in the walls thereof and containing an internal chemical reaction system. The arrangement of the chemical reaction system is such that as the cell is discharged, the volume-changing element expands, thereby lengthening the battery and thus reducing the extent of said folds, such that the cell becomes taller to reflect the expansion of the volume-changing component.

Abstract: A nanoconfined metal-containing electrolyte comprising a layer of enclosed nanostructures in which each enclosed nanostructure contains a liquid metal-containing electrolyte, wherein said enclosed nanostructures are in physical contact with each other. Metal-ion batteries containing the nanoconfined electrolyte in contact with an anode and cathode of the battery are also described. Methods for producing the nanoconfined electrolyte are also described.

Abstract: Waste management in electrochemical systems, such as electrochemical systems in which an electrochemically active material comprising aluminum is employed, is generally described.

Abstract: A capacitor electrode includes a substrate having electrical conductivity, a conductive layer formed on a surface of the substrate, and an electrode layer formed on the conductive layer. The electrode layer is allowed to adsorb and desorb ions on a surface thereof. The conductive layer contains flake graphite. A density of the conductive layer is greater than 1.1 g/cm3. An average particle size D50 of the flake graphite, which is measured by using a dynamic light scattering method, is less than or equal to 10 ?m.

Abstract: Described is a salt of the general formula: Mg2+(Lx)6(PF6)2 wherein each L is a ligand selected from dichloromethane, a cyclic ether, or a nitrile of the general formula R—C?N. The method of making the salt comprises the steps: providing Mg metal, activating the Mg metal in a first dry solution comprising a first ligand solution (L1), treating the dry solution of activated Mg metal and L1 with NOPF6 in a second dry solution comprising a second ligand solution (L2), heating the treated Mg metal solution removing residual solvent under vacuum, and recrystallizing the remaining solid to form the salt wherein Lx comprises a mixture of L1 and L2. The salt can be used as the salt in an electrolyte, or as an additive to an electrolyte, in a cell or battery.

Abstract: A method of forming lightweight structures from particle networks includes functionalizing edges of particles of an anisotropic material, exfoliating of the particles to form sheets of the material, aligning the sheets of material to form a network of multi-layered and aligned particles, and forming a structure out of the network of particles. One example uses graphite powder mixed into 4-aminobenzoic acid for edge functionalization, and exfoliation occurs with sonication in a solvent. The resulting particles undergo alignment with an aligning nozzle that also dispenses the aligned particles to form a structure.

Abstract: The three electrode zinc-air cell with replaceable and rechargeable zinc anode has been improved to increase battery performance. The electroactive composition of the replaceable zinc anode includes expanded graphite and a conjugated polymer, and the sizes of zinc particles are in the range 30nm-5000nm. The current collector of the zinc anode includes alloys of lead, bismuth or indium. The replaceable zinc cartridge can be used with a metal-air battery to produce electricity, and a hydrogen-on-demand system to generate hydrogen.

Abstract: A high silica content substrate, such as for a thin-film battery, is provided. The substrate has a high silica content, such as over 90% by weight silica, and is thin, for example less than 500 ?m. The substrate may include a surface with a topography or profile that facilitates bonding with a coating layer, such as a coating of an electrochemical battery material. The high silica content substrate may be flexible, have high temperature resistance, high strength and/or be non-reactive. The substrate may be suitable for use in the high temperature environments used in many chemical deposition or formation processes, such as electrochemical battery material formation processes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid drum type fuel cell-metal recovery apparatus, which can produce power through electrochemical oxidation of coal by continuously receiving coal/metal oxide mixed particles.

Abstract: A surface treating method of a negative electrode for a magnesium secondary battery is provided, wherein the magnesium secondary battery includes: a negative electrode capable of releasing magnesium ions during discharging and capable of precipitating elemental magnesium during charging; a positive electrode capable of precipitating a magnesium oxide during the discharging and capable of releasing magnesium ions during the charging; and a non-aqueous ion conductor for conducting magnesium ions as conduction species. The surface treating method comprises initializing the negative electrode by performing the discharging to form a bare surface at a surface of the negative electrode.

Abstract: A zinc-air battery including an anode which has a zinc-containing portion with a coating on one or more surfaces is disclosed. The coating may comprise a metal other than zinc, such as elemental nickel. The zinc-air battery can include a cathode which has bifunctional catalyst configured to catalyze both an oxygen gas reduction reaction and an oxygen gas evolution reaction. The bifunctional catalyst may have an inner core and an outer shell, wherein the inner core catalyzes the oxygen evolution reaction and the shell catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction. The zinc-air battery may include a separator which has magnesium oxide (MgO), such as magnesium oxide powder. The separator may have an outer portion that includes a polymeric material which incorporates the magnesium oxide, and an inner portion which includes a solid state polymer gel electrolyte.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode and including an electron conducting matrix, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, an electrolyte including a salt, and a charging redox couple located within the positive electrode, wherein the electrochemical cell is characterized by the transfer of electrons from a discharge product located in the positive electrode to the electron conducting matrix by the charging redox couple during a charge cycle.

Abstract: A lithium-air cell includes a negative electrode; an air positive electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte which includes an anion receptor that may be represented by one or more of the formulas.

Abstract: An air cell includes a positive electrode layer, an electrolyte layer stacked on the positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer stacked on the electrolyte layer and an electroconductive liquid-tight ventilation layer stacked on the positive electrode layer, the electroconductive liquid-tight ventilation layer being positioned on the opposite side of the positive electrode from the electrolyte layer. The assembled battery is provided with a plurality of the air cells described above. The assembled battery is provided with a flow path through which oxygen-containing gas flows interposed between the electrically-conductive liquid-tight ventilation layer of a first air cell and the negative electrode layer of a second air cell adjacent to the first air cell. The first air cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode layer of the second air cell via the electrically-conductive liquid-tight ventilation layer.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides for an electrochemical cell comprising: a fuel electrode comprising a metal fuel, a second electrode, and an ionically conductive medium communicating the electrodes; the ionically conductive medium comprising hetero-ionic aromatic additives. The fuel electrode and the second electrode are operable in a discharge mode wherein the metal fuel is oxidized at the fuel electrode functioning as an anode, whereby electrons are generated for conduction from the fuel electrode to the second electrode via a load. An ionically conductive medium and methods of operating an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for manufacturing a unit cell for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) which can improve the output of the unit cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, without occurring cost due to an additional process. The unit cell of the solid oxide fuel cell, comprises: a fuel electrode support body; a fuel electrode reaction layer; an electrolyte; and an air electrode, wherein the fuel electrode support body is made from an NiO and YSZ mixed material, the fuel electrode reaction layer is made from a CeScSZ and NiO mixed material, the electrolyte is made from a CeCsSZ material, and wherein the air electrode is made from an LSM and CeScSZ mixed material.

Abstract: A protected anode for lithium air batteries and a lithium air battery including the protected anode are provided. The protected anode includes: an anode intercalates and deintercalates lithium ions; a lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte membrane; and a polymer electrolyte disposed between the anode and the ion-conductive solid electrolyte membrane, wherein the polymer electrolyte includes a lithium ion-conductive polymer, a compound represented by Formula 1 having a number average molecular weight from about 300 to about 1,000, and a lithium salt, and an amount of the compound of Formula 1 is from about 10 parts to about 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer electrolyte: In Formula 1, R1 to R6, and n are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Provide is a zinc secondary battery capable of preventing a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes caused by zinc dendrites. The zinc secondary battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode; a negative electrode containing zinc; an electrolytic solution in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are immersed or with which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are in contact, wherein the electrolytic solution is an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide; and a separator being placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other, wherein the separator comprises an inorganic solid electrolyte body having hydroxide ion conductivity.

Abstract: A Flow Cell System that utilizes a Vanadium Chemistry is provided. The flow cell system includes a stack, electrolyte heat exchangers, and a controller executing a state machine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a precursor of a negative electrode compartment for rechargeable metal-air batteries, comprising a rigid casing (1), at least one solid electrolyte membrane (2), a protective covering (5), completely covering the inside face of the solid electrolyte membrane (2), a metallic current collector (3) applied against the inside face of the protective covering (5), preferably also a block (4) of elastic material applied against the current collector and essentially filling the entire internal space defined by the walls of the rigid casing and the solid electrolyte (2), and a flexible electronic conductor (6) passing in a sealed manner through one of the walls of the rigid casing. The present invention also relates to a negative electrode compartment having a rigid casing obtained from said precursor and to a battery containing such a negative electrode compartment.

Abstract: A metal precursor powder, a method of manufacturing a conductive metal layer or pattern, and an electronic device including the same, are provided, and in the metal precursor powder, the Gibbs free energy change of hydrogen removal at a temperature range of ?25° C. to 25° C. is ?100 kJ/mol to 300 kJ/mol.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is an electrochemical cell, comprising: (i) a plurality of electrodes, comprising a fuel electrode that comprises aluminum and an air electrode that absorbs gaseous oxygen, the electrodes being operable in a discharge mode wherein the aluminum is oxidized at the fuel electrode and oxygen is reduced at the air electrode, and (ii) an ionically conductive medium, comprising an organic solvent; wherein during non-use of the cell, the organic solvent promotes formation of a protective interface between the aluminum of the fuel electrode and the ionically conductive medium, and wherein at an onset of the discharge mode, at least some of the protective interface is removed from the aluminum to thereafter permit oxidation of the aluminum during the discharge mode.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a metal oxygen battery is provided. The metal oxygen battery includes a battery housing including a first compartment and a second compartment. The first compartment includes a first electrode and an oxygen storage material in communication with the first electrode. The second compartment includes a second electrode and the second electrode includes a metal material (M). In another embodiment, the oxygen storage material is configured as a number of particles disposed within the first electrode. In certain instances, at least a portion of the number of particles are each contained within a selective transport member. In certain other instances, the selective transport member is oxygen permeable and electrolyte impermeable.

Abstract: In an air battery system, a decrease in power output and an increase in inner pressure during discharge are prevented even when deposition of the reaction product increases with the discharge and the volume of the electrolytic solution increases with progress of the reaction. The air battery system includes an air battery a reservoir tank to reserve electrolytic solution to be supplied to the air battery and a reaction product sump to store reaction product produced in the air battery, the reaction product sump provided between the air battery and the reservoir tank.

Abstract: Alkali (or other active) metal battery and other electrochemical cells incorporating active metal anodes together with aqueous cathode/electrolyte systems. The battery cells have a highly ionically conductive protective membrane adjacent to the alkali metal anode that effectively isolates (de-couples) the alkali metal electrode from solvent, electrolyte processing and/or cathode environments, and at the same time allows ion transport in and out of these environments. Isolation of the anode from other components of a battery cell or other electrochemical cell in this way allows the use of virtually any solvent, electrolyte and/or cathode material in conjunction with the anode. Also, optimization of electrolytes or cathode-side solvent systems may be done without impacting anode stability or performance. In particular, Li/water, Li/air and Li/metal hydride cells, components, configurations and fabrication techniques are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sorbent for the removal of carbon dioxide from gas streams, comprising: a CO2 capacity of at least 9 weight percent when measured at 22° C. and 1 atmosphere; an H2O capacity of at most 15 weight percent when measured at 25° C. and 1 atmosphere; and an isosteric heat of adsorption of from 5 to 8.5 kilocalories per mole of CO2. The invention also provides a carbon sorbent in a powder, a granular or a pellet form for the removal of carbon dioxide from gas streams, comprising: a carbon content of at least 90 weight percent; a nitrogen content of at least 1 weight percent; an oxygen content of at most 3 weight percent; a BET surface area from 50 to 2600 m2/g; and a DFT micropore volume from 0.04 to 0.8 cc/g.

Abstract: A zinc-air button cell comprising a zinc-containing anode and an air cathode as electrochemical active components and a casing surrounding the anode and the cathode and having 1 to 128 inlet openings through which atmospheric oxygen can enter the casing, wherein 1) the casing comprises a cell cup and a cell lid, 2) the inlet openings are introduced in a bottom portion of the cell cup, 3) at least a part of the inlet openings has an opening area of <0.025 mm2, and 4) the air cathode is a substantially flat layer and seated directly on the bottom portion of the cell cup.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for using an iron-air assembled cell, wherein, when iron (Fe) contained in a first anode is turned into an iron compound A and, as a result, the voltage of a first iron-air unit cell becomes less than 0.7 V, a second anode is changed to a third anode comprising a third anode active material that contains iron (Fe) as a major component, or a second iron-air unit cell is changed to a third iron-air unit cell which comprises at least a third cathode, the third anode, and a third electrolyte layer present between the third cathode and anode, and which has a voltage of 0.7 V or more and 1 V or less.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery cell is provided having a housing formed by a can and a cup, with a sealing gasket disposed therebetween. First and second electrodes and electrolyte are disposed within the housing. The cup has a peripheral wall and a cup edge portion that extends inward, away from the can wall at angle less than 180° relative to a longitudinal axis of the cell housing. The gasket likewise has a base that extends inward, and a surface of the cup edge portion is sealingly engaged with the gasket base.

Abstract: A storage structure of an electrical energy storage cell is provided having an active storage material, wherein the active storage material has a particle size distribution which has a d5 value of at least 0.1 ?m and a d50 value of between 0.8 ?m and 1.1 ?m, wherein the d95 value of the particle size distribution is lower than 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical device, in particular a lithium-air battery with an aqueous electrolyte, comprising: a negative electrode compartment containing lithium metal; a positive electrode compartment comprising at least one positive air electrode making contact with an aqueous solution containing lithium hydroxide; and a solid electrode separating, in a gas and fluidtight manner, the negative electrode compartment from the positive electrode compartment, characterized in that the aqueous solution containing the lithium hydroxide furthermore contains at least one additive decreasing the solubility of the lithium ions. The invention also relates to a method for storing and releasing electrical energy using a lithium-air battery according to the invention.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a conductive porous layer for batteries in which adhesion between a conductive porous substrate and the conductive porous layer is excellent, and pores in the conductive porous layer are maintained without being deformed. The conductive porous layer for batteries of the present invention contains a laminate containing a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the first conductive layer including a conductive carbon material and a polymer, and the second conductive layer including a conductive carbon material and a polymer, and the polymer contained in the first conductive layer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) 30° C. or more higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer contained in the second conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing carbon-supported manganese oxide catalysts, to carbon-supported manganese oxide catalysts obtainable or obtained by the process according to the invention, to gas diffusion electrodes comprising said carbon-supported manganese oxide catalysts and to electrochemical cells comprising said gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: A battery (10) is disclosed having a negative or anodic half cell (12) and a cathodic or positive half cell (13). The positive and negative half cells are encased within a fabric within a non-conductive housing (14). The housing includes holes (18) which allow the passage of ambient air. The anodic material (20) is preferably a transition metal bronze such as Na0.9W0.75Ti0.25O3. The positive half cell is made of a cathodic material (25) in the form of powder which is encased a fabric (26). The cathodic material is preferably Na0.9W0.75P0.25O3.325. The battery also includes an electrical conductor (31) in electrical contact with the positive half cell and the negative half cell. The electrical conductor includes a switch (35) which may be opened and closed to couple the half cells together to produce an electric current through a load (36).

Abstract: A metal air flow battery includes an electrochemical reaction unit and an oxygen exchange unit. The electrochemical reaction unit includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an ionic conductive membrane between the anode and the cathode, an anode electrolyte, and a cathode electrolyte. The oxygen exchange unit contacts the cathode electrolyte with oxygen separate from the electrochemical reaction unit. At least one pump is provided for pumping cathode electrolyte between the electrochemical reaction unit and the oxygen exchange unit. A method for producing an electrical current is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lithium-air storage battery having at least one electrochemical cell with a negative electrode, which is an air electrode; a positive electrode, which comprises a material for insertion of lithium; and an organic electrolyte conducting lithium ions, positioned between the negative electrode and positive electrode, the electrolyte not degrading, when it is subject to a voltage ranging from 3V to 5.5V expressed relatively to the Li+/Li pair and the storage battery having a potential difference between the electrochemical potential of the positive electrode and the electrochemical potential of the negative electrode greater than 4.5V expressed relatively to the Li+/Li pair.

Abstract: The instant disclosure relates to a retaining member of a metal-air cell unit. The retaining member comprises a plurality of side plates constructed to define an anode compartment; and an air-distributing structure formed in the anode compartment. The air-distributing structure has a height difference from the side plates, and the height difference defines an air-distributing path.

Abstract: A battery device, including a negative electrode; an air electrode; an electrolyte layer that is positioned between the negative electrode and the air electrode; a first current collector on a first surface of the air electrode closest to the negative electrode; and a second current collector on a second surface of the air electrode positioned opposite to the negative electrode; where the first current collector and the second current collector are each electrically connected to the air electrode.