Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel cell system capable of accurately controlling the pressure of fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell, the fuel cell system comprising: a fuel gas supply line (SL) which supplies the fuel gas from a fuel gas supply source (11) to the fuel cell (10); pressure-regulating means (RG) provided on the fuel gas supply line (SL) and for regulating the pressure of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply source (11); and a circulation route (R) which returns the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell (10) to the fuel gas supply line (SL), wherein the circulation route (R) is connected to the fuel gas supply line (SL) such that the fuel gas is returned thereto in the upstream of the pressure-regulating means (RG).

Abstract: As integrated fossil fuel power plant and a method of operating the power plant is provided. The integrated fossil fuel power plant includes a gas turbine arrangement and a carbonate fuel cell having an anode side and a cathode side. The operating method for the integrated fossil fuel power plant includes partially expanding combustion gases in the gas turbine arrangement so that the temperature of the partially expanded combustion gases is optimised for reaction in the cathode side of the carbonate fuel cell, and feeding the partially expanded combustion gases at the optimised temperature to the cathode side of the carbonate fuel cell for reaction in the cathode side of the carbonate fuel cell.

Abstract: In a process for chlorine-alkali electrolysis, use is made of an oxygen depletion cathode. The process is run with a high excess of oxygen. The oxygen needed for this is provided for a device of the gas separation, for example a VPSA plant or an air fractionation plant. The large quantities of oxygen produced lead to considerable costs of the process. According to the invention, the oxygen-rich atmosphere remaining after passing through the process is fed back into the device for gas separation as input gas. The device the gas separation is therefore operated with an oxygen-rich input gas and therefore produces a larger quantity of oxygen-rich gas, which in turn is fed to the oxygen depletion cathode. As a result of the circulation of the gas, the economy of the overall process is increased considerably.

Abstract: A system for bleeding the anode side of first and second split fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system that employs anode flow-shifting, where each split stack includes a bleed valve. The system determines that one or both of the bleed valves is stuck in an open position if there is flow through an orifice and a bleed has not been commanded. A shut-off valve is then used to provide the bleed if the cathode exhaust gas is able to dilute the hydrogen in the bled anode exhaust gas. An outlet valve between the first and second split stacks is used to bleed the anode exhaust gas if the cathode exhaust gas is not significant enough to dilute the hydrogen in the anode exhaust gas. If the first or second bleed valve is stuck in the closed position, then the outlet valve is used to provide the bleed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system enabling an improvement in fuel consumption and a method for controlling thereof. A fuel cell system 1 includes a fuel cell 10, an air pump 21, an air supply channel, a hydrogen supply channel, a hydrogen tank, a hydrogen discharge channel, a hydrogen reflux channel, an air discharge channel, a purge valve 441, and a control device 30. The control device 30 includes a dilution judgment portion 31 judging whether dilution of hydrogen gas has been completed; an air increase portion 33 for increasing an air mass in the air discharge channel; a power production calculation portion 34 calculating an amount of power production based on the air mass increased; and a fuel cell drive portion 35 driving the fuel cell 10 to produce electric power to obtain the amount of power production calculated.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel-cell system having a control device which controls driving of a first fuel supply device and a second fuel supply device. The control device includes, a driving-interval setting unit which sets first driving intervals for the first fuel supply device and second driving intervals for the second fuel supply device, a first fuel-supply-device control unit which sets valve-open durations of the first fuel supply device according to the first driving intervals, and a second fuel-supply-device control unit which sets valve-open durations of the second fuel supply device according to the second driving intervals. The driving-interval setting unit sets the second driving intervals to be shorter than the first driving intervals.

Abstract: An alkaline fuel cell having an electrolyte, and anode and cathode electrodes disposed on two sides of the electrolyte is provided. A fuel cell system has this fuel cell, a discharge passageway that is connected to a discharge opening of the fuel cell and that discharges from the fuel cell an exhaust fuel containing unreacted fuel, and a circulation passageway that is connected to an introduction opening for introducing the fuel into the fuel cell and that circulates and supplies the exhaust fuel to the fuel cell. The fuel cell system further includes fuel/water separation means linked to the discharge passageway and the circulation passageway and disposed between the discharge and circulation passageways. The means separates and removes water from the exhaust fuel flowing in from the discharge passageway, and then causes a concentrated fuel from which water has been separated and removed to flow into the circulation passageway.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell stack for generating electrical energy by reacting oxidant and mixed fuel, and for discharging non-reacted fuel, oxidant, moisture, and carbon dioxide; a mixer for preparing the mixed fuel by mixing at least a portion of the non-reacted fuel, oxidant and moisture with concentrated fuel and for supplying the mixed fuel to the fuel cell stack; a fuel supply unit for supplying the concentrated fuel to the mixer; an oxidant supply unit for supplying the oxidant to the fuel cell stack; a first heat exchanger between an outlet of the fuel cell stack and the mixer; and a second heat exchanger between the mixer and an inlet of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Apparatus and operating methods are provided for controlled atmosphere furnace systems. In one possible embodiment, hydrogen is injected from a hydrogen source to an enclosure. The hydrogen is circulated within the enclosure from a gas inlet to a gas outlet. A temperature is raised within the enclosure to a predetermined threshold. Hydrogen is pumped from the gas outlet to the gas inlet with an electrochemical hydrogen pump. The electrochemical hydrogen pump has a first electrode in fluid communication with the gas outlet, and a second electrode in fluid communication with the gas inlet. An electrical potential is provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode has a higher electrical potential with respect to zero than the second electrode. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that can supply fuel gas appropriately is provided. The fuel cell system includes an injector 23A and an injector 23B which inject fuel gas, and an ECU 50. The ECU 50 adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas that is injected from the injector 23A by adjusting the valve opening time period and the valve closing time period of the injector 23A, which are repeated alternately, and make at least a part of the valve opening time period of the injector 23B overlap with the valve closing time period of the injector 23A when opening the valve of the injector 23B.

Abstract: A recycler for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) that uses methanol as a direct feed fuel includes: a housing in which a gas-liquid mixture recovered from a stack is accommodated; a rotor rotatably mounted in the housing; and a motor to rotate the rotor, wherein, when the rotor is rotated by the motor, a phase separation occurs such that liquid in the gas-liquid mixture is collected mainly in an outer region of the housing and gas is collected in the center region of the housing due to the centrifugal force. Accordingly, as it is unnecessary to align a liquid outlet port of the housing with a gravitational direction, the recycler can be employed in a mobile apparatus whose orientation occasionally changes. Also, the recycler does not use a membrane whose performance is rapidly reduced over time so that effective performance can be maintained for a long operation time.

Abstract: An open type fuel cell system is provided including a recirculating unit that recirculates hydrogen discharged from a main fuel cell into the main fuel cell and a reproducing unit that removes water and impurities produced in operation of the main fuel cell. The open type fuel cell system is adapted so that it does not discharge hydrogen supplied to a main fuel cell into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a cell voltage monitor, a hydrogen tank, a hydrogen supply channel, an ejector, a hydrogen off-gas channel, a purge valve, a compressor, an air supply channel, a pressure control unit for controlling air pressure, a pilot pressure input channel branching off from the air supply channel and inputting the air pressure to the ejector as pilot pressure, and a control unit for controlling the purge valve and the pressure control unit. The ejector includes a pressure control mechanism which increases the ejector's secondary-side pressure by increasing the area of the nozzle's ejecting hole when the pilot pressure input from the pilot pressure input channel rises. When electricity generation status of the fuel cell stack is judged to be poor, the control unit opens the purge valve after raising the air pressure and the pilot pressure by using the pressure control unit.

Abstract: A reactor system is integrated internally within an anode-side cavity of a fuel cell. The reactor system is configured to convert higher hydrocarbons to smaller species while mitigating the lower production of solid carbon. The reactor system may incorporate one or more of a pre-reforming section, an anode exhaust gas recirculation device, and a reforming section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell system for vehicles and a method for controlling the same which stably maintains an output of a fuel cell by precisely estimating a recirculated hydrogen amount to a stack. A fuel cell system according to the present invention may include: a stack comprising a plurality of unit cells for generating electrical energy by electrochemical reaction of a fuel and an oxidizing agent; a blower for recirculating a gas exhausted from the stack so as to supply the gas back to the stack; an ejector for recirculating the gas exhausted from the stack, receiving hydrogen so as to mix the hydrogen to the recirculated gas, and supplying the mixture to the stack; a sensor module for detecting a driving condition of the vehicle; and a control portion for controlling operations of the blower and the ejector by using the driving condition of the vehicle and performance maps of the blower and the ejector.

Abstract: A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system having a hot zone with a center cathode air feed tube for improved reactant distribution, a CPOX reactor attached at the anode feed end of the hot zone with a tail gas combustor at the opposing end for more uniform heat distribution, and a counter-flow heat exchanger for efficient heat retention.

Abstract: A fuel cell system which can encase a dilution device while keeping the height of a fuel cell case as low as possible by utilizing the lower space in the case effectively. A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack generating power through an electrochemical reaction between a gas supplied to the anode side and a gas supplied to a cathode side, a dilution device for diluting an anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack with a cathode off gas and discharging the diluted gas, and a fuel cell case for encasing the fuel cell stack and the dilution device. In this fuel cell system, a lateral opening of the fuel cell case for passing an exhaust pipe extending to the exhaust downstream of the dilution device is arranged above the lowermost portion of the inner surface of the dilution device with respect to the gravitational direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for recirculation of a cathode gas in a fuel cell arrangement having a cathode gas supply for supplying the cathode gas to a cathode area, and a cathode gas outlet for carrying the partially consumed cathode gas out of the cathode area, includes a recirculation line for recirculation of the partially consumed cathode gas from a junction point in the cathode gas outlet into a supply point in the cathode gas supply. Blocking apparatus is provided to block the cathode gas supply in the flow direction upstream of the supply point and to block the cathode gas outlet in the flow direction downstream from the junction point, such that a closed circuit for the partially consumed cathode gas is formed when the blocking apparatus is closed.

Abstract: A recirculation device for a fuel cell system includes a recirculation line connecting the outlet and inlet of the anode region of the fuel cell. The recirculation device includes a liquid separator situated in the area of the recirculation line and a discharge line having a discharge valve for liquid and/or gases. A bubble sensor for controlling the discharge valve is situated in the area of the discharge line. A method for discharging liquid and/or gases from a recirculation device opens and closes the discharge valve as a function of an event detected by the bubble sensor.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, an oxygen-containing gas flow rate control device, a reformer, a raw fuel flow rate control device, and an exhaust gas flow rate control device. In the fuel cell system, the oxygen-containing gas flow rate control device includes a start-up oxygen-containing gas flow rate regulator valve for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the reformer to perform partial oxidation reforming from start-up of fuel cells until the temperature of the fuel cell stack is raised to a predetermined temperature. After the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the predetermined temperature, the exhaust gas flow rate control device supplies an exhaust gas to the reformer to perform the partial oxidation reforming and steam reforming.

Abstract: The potential energy from a hydrogen tank is used in a gas jet pump, which draws in anode waste gas via an inlet and recirculates it to an anode inlet. To ensure that this system operates effectively even under low loads, a part of the waste gas is supplied to a compressor, and the compressed waste gas is supplied to the motive jet inlet of a gas jet pump, which may be the same one to which the hydrogen from the tank is also supplied. Different gas jet pumps may also be used, for the hydrogen from the tank on the one hand, and the compressed waste gas on the other hand.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for variable flow rate fuel ejection are disclosed. A variable flow rate ejector comprises primary and secondary inlets, primary and secondary nozzles, and a needle. The primary nozzle is connected to receive a first fluid from the first inlet chamber and transmit the first fluid through a primary nozzle opening. The needle is disposed within the primary nozzle opening and is axially movable to vary an area of primary nozzle opening. The primary nozzle opening and the needle are sized to make the flow of the first fluid have a supersonic speed. The secondary inlet opens into a second inlet chamber positioned outside the primary nozzle to opening. A portion of the second fluid is entrained in the flow of the first fluid from the primary nozzle. The secondary nozzle opening is sized to make the flow of the first and second fluids have a subsonic speed.

Abstract: A fuel gas supply apparatus of a fuel cell system includes a pressure reducing valve, an interruption valve, and an injector in a hydrogen supply channel. A controller of the fuel cell system includes a drive cycle setting unit for setting the drive cycle of the injector based on a load of the fuel cell stack, and a water state determination unit for determining whether or not quantity of water content in the fuel cell is excessive by determining whether or not the quantity of water content is a predetermined quantity or more.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided in which ammonia is used as a fuel source for solid oxide fuel cell systems. In the various aspects a high temperature fuel cell stack exhaust stream is recycled through one or more separation or conversion devices to create a purified recycled fuel exhaust stream that is recycled back into the fuel inlet stream of the high temperature fuel cell stack. In various aspects a nitrogen separator may remove nitrogen from the recycled fuel cell stack exhaust stream, a water separator may remove water from the recycled fuel cell stack exhaust stream, and/or an ammonia reactor and hydrogen separator may be used to condition the fuel inlet stream of the high temperature fuel cell stack. In a further aspect a molten carbonate fuel cell and/or Sabatier reactor may be used to condition the fuel inlet stream of the high temperature fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatuses for generating electrical power from certain non-gaseous carbonaceous feedstocks through the integration of catalytic hydromethanation technology with fuel cell technology.

Abstract: Thermotechnical units of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are integrated as a whole one. The units may include a burner, a reformer and a heat exchanger. The integrated units can be easily assembled into an SOFC system with cell stacks. Thus, the present invention has a simple structure, operates with ease, saves operational cost, runs with fewer utilities, decreases heat dissipation and enhances system performance.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a controller, a fuel cell stack, a fuel inlet conduit operatively connected to the fuel cell stack, the fuel inlet conduit adapted to receive fuel from a fuel supply, a recycling conduit operatively connecting the fuel cell stack to the fuel inlet conduit, the recycling conduit adapted to recycle a portion of a fuel exhaust stream from the fuel cell stack to the fuel inlet conduit, and an ammonia or hydrazine storage vessel operatively connected to the fuel inlet conduit via a valve coupled to the controller. The controller is configured to control the operation of the valve to provide ammonia or hydrazine from the ammonia or hydrazine storage vessel into the fuel inlet conduit upon detecting a change in the fuel from the fuel supply.

Abstract: Apparatus and operating methods are provided for controlled atmosphere furnace systems. In one possible embodiment, hydrogen is injected from a hydrogen source to an enclosure. The hydrogen is circulated within the enclosure from a gas inlet to a gas outlet. A temperature is raised within the enclosure to a predetermined threshold. Hydrogen is pumped from the gas outlet to the gas inlet with an electrochemical hydrogen pump. The electrochemical hydrogen pump has a first electrode in fluid communication with the gas outlet, and a second electrode in fluid communication with the gas inlet. An electrical potential is provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode has a higher electrical potential with respect to zero than the second electrode. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.

Abstract: The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell generation system and a start up method thereof which heat up a reformer and a cell main body without any water and nitrogen gas, and start up for a short time until a power generation and without deteriorating a reliability of the cell. In a solid oxide fuel cell generation system having a power generation cell including an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte membrane, a mixing portion for obtaining a mixed gas by mixing a used fuel gas discharged from the anode with a raw fuel, a reducing combustion gas generating apparatus, and a reforming portion, the reducing combustion gas generating apparatus has a starting burner generating a reducing combustion gas, and the mixing portion, the reducing combustion gas generating apparatus, the reforming portion and the anode are coupled alphabetically from an upstream side.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is provided with a plurality of cell units, a feeding channel, a bypass channel and a control unit. The cell units generate power by feeding hydrogen-containing gas an oxygen-containing gas separated from each other and then having them flow and join with each other. The feeding channel has an ejector arranged therein for refluxing exhausted hydrogen-containing gas exhausted from the cell units back to the cell units. The bypass channel has the hydrogen-containing gas flowing to the cell units bypass the ejector. The control unit includes a gas feeding pressure varying section that is programmed to make the hydrogen-containing gas flow in the bypass channel, and, at the same time, vary the pressure of the hydrogen-containing gas flowing in the feeding channel upon determining a flow rate of the hydrogen-containing gas flowing in the feeding channel is over a prescribed level.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is disclosed that includes a heat exchanger having first and second heat exchanger portions arranged in a fluid flow passage. The second heat exchanger portion is arranged downstream from the first heat exchanger portion. The first and second heat exchanger portions include a coolant flow passage and are configured to transfer heat between the fluid flow and coolant flow passages. The first heat exchanger portion includes a first corrosion-resistant material and the second heat exchanger portion includes a second corrosion-resistant material that is less corrosion-resistant than the first corrosion-resistant material. A collector, which includes a tray and/or a mist trap, is configured to collect acid in the first heat exchanger portion from a gas stream in the fluid flow passage. Collected acid can be sprayed into a gas stream upstream from a flow field of the fuel cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a recirculation device comprising a body comprising at least one first passage configured to receive an exhaust, at least one second passage configured to receive a fuel, at least one third passage configured to receive a mixture of the exhaust and the fuel, and a longitudinal axis extending from the second passage to the third passage. The device can also comprise a nozzle comprising an inner cavity for directing fuel towards an orifice, located at the smallest cross-sectional area of the inner cavity and a piston slideably located within the body comprising a first end configured to receive the fuel and a second end configured to fuel to the nozzle cavity, whereby the piston can be actuated along the longitudinal axis of the body by the exhaust controlling the flow of fuel passing through the orifice. A mixing chamber located within the body can be configured to receive an exhaust and configured to receive fuel from the orifice.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting an anode pressure sensor failure in a fuel cell system. The system and method include a controller that sets an initial minimum anode pressure sensor value and an initial maximum anode pressure sensor value. The controller determines a desired time interval for sampling anode pressure measurements and determines a total number of samples of anode pressure measurements to be collected by the controller from an anode pressure sensor. The controller also compares a pressure difference between the initial or a measured minimum anode pressure and the initial or a measured maximum anode pressure to a predetermined pressure difference threshold and sets a pressure sensor fault if the pressure difference between the initial or measured minimum anode pressure and the initial or maximum anode pressure is less than the predetermined pressure difference threshold.

Abstract: An aircraft system comprising a fuel storage system comprising a first fuel tank capable of storing a first fuel and a second fuel tank capable of storing a second fuel is disclosed herein. The aircraft system further comprises a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell capable of producing electrical power using at least one of the first fuel or the second fuel, and a fuel delivery system capable of delivering a fuel from the fuel storage system to the fuel cell system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and processes of operating molten carbonate fuel cell systems.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell; a circulating system that circulates and supplies fuel off-gas discharged from the fuel cell to the fuel cell; a pump that pumps a fluid in the circulating system; a discharge valve through which the fluid in the circulating system is discharged to the outside; and a control device that controls the pump and the discharge valve. If operation of the fuel cell is started in a cold environment, the control device executes a control to start power generation in the fuel cell for a first period before activating the pump and executes a control to drive the pump while the discharge valve is closed for a second period.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for reducing the consumption of safety gas in a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell unit whose fuel cells include an anode side and a cathode side, as well as an electrolyte interposed therebetween. A supply is provided for supplying the anode with a safety gas, and an exhaust is provided for exhausting the fuel cell unit of a spent safety gas coming from the anode side. The method can adapt a specific percentage of the spent safety gas flow coming from the anode side of the fuel cells to be re-supplied into the anode side of the fuel cells.

Abstract: A method to control the heat balance of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system including at least one fuel cell unit including fuel cell stacks, whose fuel cells include an anode side and a cathode side, as well as an electrolyte interposed therebetween, and a recuperator unit for heat exchange for preheating a supply flow of the cathode side. In the method, a desired portion is separated from the fuel exhaust flow coming from the anode side and adapted to be mixed with the cathode side exit flow before said recuperator unit. Also provided is a fuel cell system implementing the method.

Abstract: A fuel cell system (1) which includes: a fuel cell (2) to be supplied with a gas for power generation, the gas unused for the power generation to be discharged out of the fuel cell (2); a circulation flow path (8) through which the discharged gas is resupplied to the fuel cell (2); a variable flow rate circulation pump (6) for circulating the gas through the circulation flow path (8); a valve (7) for discharging the gas in the circulation flow path (8) to the outside thereof; a voltage sensor (22) for measuring voltage of the fuel cell (2); and a controller (32) for controlling the circulation pump (6) and the valve (7). The circulation pump (6) and the valve (7) are controlled based on the voltage (CV) measured by the voltage sensor (22).

Abstract: Recycling loop for a gas circuit of a fuel cell stack, forming a connecting line beginning at the outlet of one of the two anode or cathode circuits and terminating in one of the two supply circuits, either in the fuel gas supply channel, or in the oxidant gas supply channel, providing the recycling of the gas contained in the anode or cathode circuits of the fuel cell stack, and comprising a pump that provides the recycling of the gas contained in the anode or cathode circuits of the fuel cell stack, a multi-way valve dividing said recycling loop into a first section and a second section, said multi-way valve having a first stable usage position providing the continuity between the first and second sections of said recycling loop and having a second stable usage position simultaneously providing the interruption of said continuity between the first and second sections of said recycling loop and a bringing of said recycling loop into contact with the atmosphere carried out by manoeuvring said multi-way valve.

Abstract: A system for determining the concentration of hydrogen in an anode sub-system of a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes at least one fuel cell, an anode inlet, an anode outlet, an anode recirculation line, a source of hydrogen gas and an injector for injecting the hydrogen gas. First and second acoustic sensors are provided in the anode recirculation line and are spaced a known distance from each other. A controller that is responsive to the output signals from the first and second acoustic sensors determines the concentration of hydrogen gas in the anode recirculation line based on the time between when the controller receives the sensor signal from the first sensor and receives the sensor signal from the second sensor.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell system (10) comprises a solid oxide fuel cell stack (12) and an electrochemical device (14). The solid oxide fuel cell stack (12) comprises at least one solid oxide fuel cell (16) and each solid oxide fuel cell (16) comprises an electrolyte (18), an anode (20) and a cathode (22). An oxidant supply (24) is arranged to supply oxidant to the cathode (22) of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell (16) and a fuel supply (26) is arranged to supply fuel to the anode (20) of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell (16). The electrochemical device (14) comprises an electrolyte (34), an anode (36) and a cathode (38). Means (28, 50, 52) to supply a portion of the unused fuel from the anode (20) of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell (16) to the anode (36) of the electrochemical device (14), means (32, 50, 58) to supply a portion of the unused fuel from the anode (20) of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell (16) to the cathode (38) of the electrochemical device (14).

Abstract: A method for filling a fuel cell system with a fuel during start-up is disclosed, the method including the steps of providing a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuels cells, each fuel cell having an active area, the fuel cell stack including an anode supply manifold and an anode exhaust manifold, the anode supply manifold and in fluid communication with a source of fuel; providing an anode sub-system in fluid communication with an anode side of the fuel cell stack; and supplying the fuel to the fuel cell stack substantially uniformly and substantially simultaneously to compress any fluids in the fuel cell stack into a volume between an end of each active area adjacent to the anode exhaust manifold and an outlet of the anode sub-system.

Abstract: A reactor system is integrated internally within an anode-side cavity of a fuel cell. The reactor system is configured to convert higher hydrocarbons to smaller species while mitigating the lower production of solid carbon. The reactor system may incorporate one or more of a pre-reforming section, an anode exhaust gas recirculation device, and a reforming section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen discharge system for a fuel cell system, which can ensure safety of a fuel cell vehicle by optimizing the dilution of hydrogen discharged from a fuel cell during discharge and ensure silence of the vehicle by reducing noise generated during discharge. For this purpose, the present invention provides a hydrogen discharge system for a fuel cell system including a purge valve for purging hydrogen discharged from a fuel electrode of a fuel cell stack, the hydrogen discharge system including: an ejector mounted to a hydrogen purge line extending from the purge valve to introduce air from the outside; and a post-treatment system connected to an exhaust line of the ejector to remove hydrogen discharged therethrough.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, each of the fuel cells including an electrolyte membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode, an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, the anode supply manifold providing fluid communication between a source of hydrogen and the anodes, an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, and a fan in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, wherein the fan controls a flow of fluid through the anodes of the fuel cells after the fuel cell system is shutdown.

Abstract: A fuel cell system arrangement is disclosed for controlling an Oxygen-to-Carbon (O/C) relationship by providing water to an anode side fuel recirculation, pumping the provided water to facilitate a water flow, and evaporating water from the facilitated water flow for generating pressurized steam having at least the motive pressure for a steam jet-ejector. The at least one steam jet-ejector can inject at least part of the steam to the fuel cell system, and entrain part of an essentially low pressure anode exhaust gas stream in the anode side gas recirculation and compress the gas mixture to an intermediate pressure of the fuel feed-in stream for controlling the Oxygen-to-Carbon (O/C) relationship in the fuel side of the fuel cell system.

Abstract: A recycler of a fuel cell includes two electrodes, a rotor interposed between the two electrodes, and an insulating container surrounding and receiving the two electrodes and the rotor. A water management system of the fuel cell includes the recycler, and the fuel cell includes the water management system. A method of measuring a water level in the recycler includes measuring a conductivity of water separated in the recycler is measured.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having a fuel cell operated under non-humidified conditions that includes a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, a fuel gas channel facing the anode to supply it with fuel gas, an oxidant gas channel facing the cathode to supply it with oxidant gas, and a flow direction of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are opposite. The fuel cell system may control a water vapor amount at an outlet of the fuel gas channel based on a value that is set based on a relationship between a voltage of the fuel cell and the water vapor amount. The fuel cell system may control an average flow rate of the fuel gas in the fuel gas channel based on a value that is set based on a relationship between a voltage of the fuel cell and the average flow rate.

Abstract: Reverse electrodialysis (RED) may be used to neutralize acid and caustic effluent waste streams, such as in the semiconductor industry. Power may be generated while waste streams are treated by converting chemical energy into electric energy. A bipolar membrane may be integrated into the RED system. Alternatively, an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane may be overlapped and used in place of a bipolar membrane. A cell pair with four membranes and four chambers, without a bipolar membrane, may also be implemented.