Abstract: A method of generating electrical power includes flowing hydrogen across an anode, splitting the hydrogen into protons and electrons using a catalyst attached to the anode, directing the electrons to a circuit to produce electrical power, flowing oxygen across a cathode, splitting the oxygen molecules into oxygen atoms using a cathode catalyst, passing the protons through an electrolyte to the cathode, and combining the protons with oxygen to form water. The cathode catalyst includes a plurality of nanoparticles having terraces formed of platinum, and corner regions and edge regions formed of a second metal.

Abstract: A catalytic nanoparticle includes a porous, hollow core and an atomically thin layer of platinum atoms on the core. The core is a porous palladium, palladium-M or platinum-M core, where M is selected from the group consisting of gold, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhenium, rhodium and ruthenium.

Abstract: A method and article of manufacture including a catalytic substrate with a surface layer providing balanced active sites for adsorption/dissociation of H2 and adsorption of OHad for use in AFCs.

Abstract: We disclose novel metallic nanoparticles coated with a thin protective carbon shell, and three-dimensional nano-metallic sponges; methods of preparation of the nanoparticles; and uses for these novel materials, including wood preservation, strengthening of polymer and fiber/polymer building materials, and catalysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode supported solid-oxide fuel cell based flame fuel cell that enable the generation of both electricity and heat from a flame (i.e. flame is used as a heat source and a fuel source for the fuel cell's operation, while supplying a useful heat for other thermochemical systems) and, more particularly, to an anode supported solid-oxide fuel cell based flame fuel cell that uses hydrocarbon/air mixture as a fuel source and includes a catalyst layer that can act as a protective layer for the anode layer, an anode layer, a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer, and an interlayer between the cathode layer and the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell assembly that is expected to prevent or at least minimize electrode contamination includes one or more getters that trap a component or components leached from a first electrode and prevents or at least minimizes them from contaminating a second electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein present a method for membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication in fuel cells utilizing de-alloyed nanoparticle membranes as electrodes. A method for fabrication of a fuel cell electrode assembly, comprising: preparing a catalyst coated membrane, forming a membrane electrode assembly, assembling a fuel cell, and de-alloying the membrane electrode assembly. Further disclosed is a fuel cell apparatus, comprising a de-alloyed catalyst and a cathode comprising, a first membrane electrode assembly, wherein the de-alloyed catalyst is coated on the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel cell electrode, which has increased physical and chemical durability, and a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) using the same. According to the present invention, the fuel cell electrode is manufactured by controlling the amount of platinum supported on a first carbon support used in an anode to be smaller than that used in a cathode to increase the mechanical strength of a catalyst layer and maintain the thickness of the catalyst layer after prolonged operation and by adding carbon nanofibers containing a radical scavenger to a catalyst slurry to decrease deterioration of chemical durability.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a method of forming a platinum thin film is provided, including performing a first atomic layer deposition (ALD) process on a substrate using a first platinum organometallic precursor in a first step and an oxidizing precursor in a second step to form an at least partially coated substrate. A second ALD process is then performed on the at least partially coated substrate using a second platinum organometallic precursor in a first step and a reducing precursor in a second step to form a thin film of platinum on the substrate. The first ALD process may be performed for 5 to 150 cycles to nucleate platinum on the substrate surface and the second ALD process may be performed thereafter to grow the thin film and remove surface oxides. A conformal platinum thin film having a thickness of 1 to 10 monolayers may be deposited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carbon-free electrocatalyst for fuel cells, containing an electrically conductive substrate and a catalytically active species, wherein the conductive substrate is an inorganic, multi-component substrate material of the composition 0X1-0X2, in which 0X1 means an electrically non-conductive inorganic oxide having a specific surface area (BET) in the range of 50 to 400 mVg and 0X2 means a conductive oxide. The non-conductive inorganic oxide 0X1 is coated with the conductive oxide 0X2. The multi-component substrate preferably has a core/shell structure. The multi-component substrate material 0X1-0X2 has an electrical conductivity in the range>0.01 S/cm and is coated with catalytically active particles containing noble metal. The electrocatalysts produced therewith are used in electrochemical devices such as PEM fuel cells and exhibit high corrosion stability.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell electrode (100) comprising a nanostructured catalyst support layer (102) having first and second generally opposed major sides (103,104). The first side (103) comprises nanostructured elements (106) comprising support whiskers (108) projecting away from the first side (103). The support whiskers (108) have a first nanoscopic electrocatalyst layer (110) thereon, and a second nanoscopic electrocatalyst layer (112) on the second side (104) comprising a precious metal alloy. Electrochemical cell electrodes (100) described herein are useful, for example, as a fuel cell catalyst electrode for a fuel cell.

Abstract: A porous metal that comprises platinum and has a specific surface area that is greater than 5 m2/g and less than 75 m2/g. A fuel cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and an electrolyte arranged between the first and the second electrodes. At least one of the first and second electrodes is coated with a porous metal catalyst for oxygen reduction, and the porous metal catalyst comprises platinum and has a specific surface area that is greater than 5 m2/g and less than 75 m2/g. A method of producing a porous metal according to an embodiment of the current invention includes producing an alloy consisting essentially of platinum and nickel according to the formula PtxNi1-x, where x is at least 0.01 and less than 0.3; and dealloying the alloy in a substantially pH neutral solution to reduce an amount of nickel in the alloy to produce the porous metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst which is not corroded in an acidic electrolyte or at a high potential, is excellent in durability and has high oxygen reduction ability. The catalyst of the present invention is characterized by including a niobium oxycarbonitride. The catalyst of the invention is also characterized by including a niobium oxycarbonitride represented by the composition formula NbCxNyOz, wherein x, y and z represent a ratio of the numbers of atoms and are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.01?x?2, 0.01?y?2, 0.01?z?3 and x+y+z?5.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, an electrode, a fuel cell, and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the electrode catalyst including a carbonaceous support, and a catalyst metal loaded on the carbonaceous support, wherein the carbonaceous support includes a functional group bound on a surface thereof, the functional group being represented by one of Formula 1 or Formula 2, below,

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a core-shell type platinum-containing catalyst is allowed to reduce the amount of used platinum and has high catalytic activity and stability. In one example embodiment, the core-shell type platinum-containing catalyst includes a core particle (with an average particle diameter R1) made of a non-platinum element and a platinum shell layer (with an average thickness ts) satisfying 1.4 nm?R1?3.5 nm and 0.25 nm?ts?0.9 nm. The core particle includes an element satisfying Eout?3.0 eV, where average binding energy relative to the Fermi level of 5d orbital electrons of platinum present on an outermost surface of the shell layer is Eout. In a fuel cell including a platinum-containing catalyst which contains a Ru particle as a core particle, the output density at a current density of 300 mA/cm2 is 70 mW/cm2 or over, and an output retention ratio is approximately 90% or over.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the fabrication of thin aluminum anode batteries using a highly reproducible process that enables high volume manufacturing of the galvanic cells. A method of fabricating a thin aluminum anode galvanic cell is provided, the method including, depositing a layer of catalytic metal on a surface of a first substrate, depositing and patterning a benzocyclobutene layer to form a reservoir having four sidewalls of benzocyclobutene on the surface of the catalytic layer, depositing a layer of aluminum on a surface of a second substrate and bonding the first substrate to the second substrate to form a galvanic cell bounded by the catalytic metal layer and the aluminum layer and separated by the reservoir walls of benzocyclobutene, the second substrate positioned in overlying relation to contact the four sidewalls of the reservoir with the aluminum layer facing the catalytic layer.

Abstract: A cathode for a metal air battery includes a cathode structure having pores. The cathode structure has a metal side and an air side. The porosity decreases from the air side to the metal side. A metal air battery and a method of making a cathode for a metal air battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a dispersion liquid for an electrode catalyst, the method comprising a step of supporting a precious metal on the surface of a carrier by an electrodeposition process using a raw material mixed solution in which a particulate carrier is dispersed in a solvent and a compound including the precious metal element is dissolved in the solvent, wherein the carrier has oxygen reduction capability and is free of precious metal elements.

Abstract: Titanium suboxide (TixO2x-1) nanoparticles useful as a support for a catalyst electrode of a fuel cell, and a method for synthesizing the titanium suboxide (TixO2x-1) nanoparticles by using TiO2, a Co catalyst and hydrogen gas at a low temperature ranging from 600 to 900° C. are described Since the titanium suboxide nanoparticles show high corrosion resistance to acid and durability and have excellent thermal and electric conductivities, a catalyst electrode manufactured by using the same as a support exhibits improved catalytic activity and oxidation reduction (redox) properties.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing an electrocatalyst for fuel cells in a core-shell structure, an electrocatalyst for fuel cells having a core-shell structure, and a fuel cell including the electrocatalyst for fuel cells. The method may be useful in forming a core and a shell layer without performing a subsequent process such as chemical treatment or heat treatment and forming a core support in which core particles having a nanosize diameter are homogeneously supported, followed by selectively forming shell layers on surfaces of the core particles in the support. Also, the electrocatalyst for fuel cells has a high catalyst-supporting amount and excellent catalyst activity and electrochemical property.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts, especially catalytic anodes, useful for catalyzing reactions in fuel cells and in other environments. The catalysts have a substrate base made of iridium and/or ruthenium. There is a very thin coating on the substrate which is a mix of platinum and at least one metal selected from gold, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, and osmium. The anodes are resistant to carbon monoxide adulteration in fuel cells.

Abstract: A self-assembly platinum nanostructure with a three dimensional network structure contains a plurality of platinum nanoparticles having a cubic shape, wherein the plurality of platinum nanoparticles gather to form a cubic shape and are disposed in a {111} direction.

Abstract: A catalyst includes (i) a primary metal or alloy or mixture including the primary metal, and (ii) an electrically conductive carbon support material for the primary metal or alloy or mixture including the primary metal, wherein the carbon support material: (a) has a specific surface area (BET) of 100-600 m2/g, and (b) has a micropore area of 10-90 m2/g.

Abstract: Anodes for fuel cells, membrane-electrode assemblies for fuel cells including the anodes, and fuel cell systems including the membrane-electrode assemblies are provided. The anode includes a catalyst layer including a platinum-based metal catalyst and a carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst on a catalyst support, and an electrode substrate. The catalyst support may be selected from ThO2, CeO2, Ce2O3, MnxOy (where x ranges from 1 to 2 and y ranges from 1 to 3), Co3O4, ZrO2, TiO2, and combinations thereof. The anode for a fuel cell includes a carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst, which increases carbon monoxide oxidation, thereby providing high activity.

Abstract: An electrode material, including: catalyst particles formed by performing inclusion, by a porous inorganic material, for a conductive support and metal particles arranged on the conductive support and/or metal particles brought into contact with the conductive support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroconductive tungsten oxide catalyst carrying a platinum dendrite and to a method for manufacturing same, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing an electroconductive tungsten oxide carrying a platinum nanodendrite applicable as an anode catalyst having a strong resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning in a direct methanol fuel cell. The platinum nanodendrite-electroconductive tungsten oxide nanowire catalyst according to the present invention illustrates remarkably improved resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning when compared with a common platinum nanoparticle carbon catalyst, and so, may be used as a highly efficient DMFC anode catalyst.

Abstract: A support for a fuel cell includes a substrate including highly crystalline carbon, and a crystalline carbon layer on the substrate.

Abstract: It is a main object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell catalyst in which a support for supporting a metal catalyst has electrical conductivity in itself and which can prevent agglomeration of the metal catalyst during long term use of the fuel cell. In the present invention, the object is achieved by providing a fuel cell catalyst for use in a cathode-side catalyst electrode layer of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprising a metal catalyst and a perovskite-type complex oxide (ABO3).

Abstract: A naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer is represented by Formula 1 below: In Formula 1, R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, and R5 and R6 or R6 and R7 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, In Formula 2, * represents the bonding position of R2 and R3, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, or R6 and R7 of Formula 1. A polymer is formed by polymerizing the naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer, an electrode for a fuel cell includes the polymer, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes the polymer, and a fuel cell uses the electrode.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell including a porous catalyst layer, and a method of manufacturing the same in which an electrode includes a catalyst layer formed adjacent to a surface of an electrolyte membrane, and the catalyst layer has a uniform porosity as pluralities of pores are uniformly distributed on the catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hollow platinum nanoparticles with a diameter comprised between 3 and 20 nm which comprise a first central cavity and optionally at least one second cavity at the periphery of the first cavity, the shell of which is dense and single-crystal with a thickness comprised between 0.2 and 5 nm. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such nanoparticles, as well as to their use as an electrocatalyst in fuel cells.

Abstract: Nanostructured thin film catalysts which may be useful as fuel cell catalysts are provided, the catalyst materials including intermixed inorganic materials. In some embodiments the nanostructured thin film catalysts may include catalyst materials according to the formula PtxM(1?x) where x is between 0.3 and 0.9 and M is Nb, Bi, Re, Hf, Cu or Zr. The nanostructured thin film catalysts may include catalyst materials according to the formula PtaCobMc where a+b+c=1, a is between 0.3 and 0.9, b is greater than 0.05, c is greater than 0.05, and M is Au, Zr, or Ir. The nanostructured thin film catalysts may include catalyst materials according to the formula PtaTibQc where a+b+c=1, a is between 0.3 and 0.9, b is greater than 0.05, c is greater than 0.05, and Q is C or B.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an electrode catalyst layer includes: containing a conductive carrier on which a catalyst is supported, a substrate, an electrolyte resin and a supercritical fluid inside a closed container (S102 to S106); and cooling the substrate to form an electrode catalyst layer, having the conductive carrier on which the catalyst is supported and the electrolyte resin, on the substrate (S 108).

Abstract: This electrode catalyst layer for fuel cells is provided with: an electrode catalyst that comprises a conductive carrier and platinum-containing metal particles supported on the surface of the conductive carrier; and an ionomer that covers the electrode catalyst. This electrode catalyst layer for fuel cells is characterized in that the average thickness of the ionomer is 2.4 nm or less. This electrode catalyst layer for fuel cells is capable of having a good balance between proton transport properties and transport properties for a gas such as an oxidant gas or a fuel gas even in cases where the amount of supported platinum is decreased. In addition, an electrode for fuel cells, a membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells, and a fuel cell, each having good current-voltage characteristics, can be obtained using the above-described electrode catalyst layer for fuel cells.

Abstract: A platinum alloy catalyst PtXY, wherein X is nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, titanium or manganese and Y is tantalum or niobium, characterised in that in the alloy the atomic percentage of platinum is 46-75 at %, of X is 1-49 at % and of Y is 1-35 at %; provided that the alloy is not 66 at % Pt 20 at % Cr14 at % Ta or 50 at % Pt, 25 at % Co, 25 at % Ta is disclosed. The catalyst has particular use as an oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells, and in particular in phosphoric acid fuel cells.

Abstract: Compositions containing modified fullerenes and their use, for example, as films for membranes in electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells and fuel cells such as fuel cells are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst carrier having excellent durability and capable of attaining high catalytic ability without increasing the specific surface area thereof, and a catalyst obtainable by using the catalyst carrier. The catalyst carrier of the present invention comprises a metal oxycarbonitride, preferably the metal contained in the metal oxycarbonitride comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and nickel. Moreover, the catalyst of the present invention comprises the catalyst carrier and a catalyst metal supported on the catalyst carrier.

Abstract: Provided is an electrocatalyst for solid polymer fuel cells capable of increasing the active surface area for reactions in a catalyst component, increasing the utilization efficiency of the catalyst, and reducing the amount of expensive precious metal catalyst used. Also provided are a membrane electrode assembly that uses this electrocatalyst and a solid polymer fuel cell. An electrocatalyst for a solid polymer fuel cell is provided with a catalyst and solid proton conducting material. A liquid conductive material retention part that retains a liquid proton conducting material that connects the catalyst and solid proton conducting material is provided between the same. The surface area of the catalyst exposed within the liquid conductive material retention part is larger than the surface area of the catalyst in contact with the solid proton conducting material.

Abstract: An electrocatalytic polymer-based powder has particles of at least one electronically conductive polymer species in which particles are dispersed of at least one catalytic redox species, in which the particles of the polymer species and of the catalytic species are of nanometric dimension.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a core-shell composite material comprising: a core consisting of Nb-doped TiO2 of formula TiNbOx; and a shell consisting of a homogeneous layer of Pt or Pt alloy of 1 to 50 ML in thickness. The core-shell composite material may in particular find application in fuel cells.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell catalyst layer which has a catalytic performance equivalent to or higher than fuel cell catalyst layers containing platinum alone and which is inexpensive. The fuel cell catalyst layer of the present invention includes a metal oxycarbonitride-containing layer (I) and a platinum-containing layer (II). It is preferable that the mass ratio per unit area of the metal oxycarbonitride in the layer (I) to platinum in the layer (II) (metal oxycarbonitride/platinum) is 2 to 500. It is preferable that the mass per unit area of platinum in the layer (II) is 0.005 to 0.2 mg/cm2.

Abstract: A catalyst for an electrode of a membrane-electrode assembly of a fuel cell system is provided herein. More specifically, the catalyst includes a first catalyst including platinum supported on carbon, and a second catalyst including an Ir—Ru alloy.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst for a PtxMy-based PEMFC, M being a transition metal, including the steps of: depositing PtxMy nanostructures on a support; annealing the nanostructures; depositing a PtxMy layer at the surface of the nanostructures thus formed; and chemically leaching metal M. It also aims at the catalyst obtained with this method.

Abstract: A method of fabricating composite filaments is provided. An initial composite filament including a core and a cladding (such as a Pt-group metal) is cut into smaller pieces (or is first mechanically reduced and then cut into smaller pieces). The smaller pieces of the filaments are inserted into a metal matrix, and the entire structure is then further reduced mechanically in a series of reduction steps. The process can be repeated until the desired cross sectional dimension of the filaments is achieved. The matrix can then be chemically removed to isolate the final composite filaments with the cladding thickness down to the nanometer range. The process allows the organization and integration of filaments of different sizes, compositions, and functionalities into arrays suitable for various applications.

Abstract: A continuous coal electrolytic cell for the production of pure hydrogen without the need of separated purification units Electrodes comprising electrocatalysts comprising noble metals electrodeposited on carbon substrates are also provided. Also provided are methods of using the electrocatalysts provided herein for the electrolysis of coal in acidic medium, as well as electrolytic cells for the production of hydrogen from coal slurries in acidic media employing the electrodes described herein. Further provided are catalytic additives for the electro-oxidation of coal. Additionally provided is an electrochemical treatment process where iron-contaminated effluents are purified in the presence of coal slurries using the developed catalyst.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst layer used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that includes an electrolyte membrane is provided. The cathode catalyst layer comprises a catalyst having weight of not greater than 0.3 mg/cm2 of a reaction surface of the cathode catalyst layer that is adjoining the electrolyte membrane; and an electrolyte resin having oxygen permeability of not less than 2.2*10?14 mol/m/s/Pa in an environment of temperature of 80 degrees Celsius and relative humidity of 50%.

Abstract: A solid catalyst having a close-packed structure has basic structural units present in the surface of the solid catalyst, the basic structural units including (i) a triangular lattice constituted of atoms of platinum, ruthenium, and at least one additional element which are disposed at the vertexes in the triangular lattice so that each atom of one of the elements adjoins atoms of the other elements or (ii) a rhombic lattice constituted of atoms of platinum, ruthenium, and at least one additional element which are disposed at the vertexes in the rhombic lattice in an atomic ratio of 1:2:1 so that each ruthenium atom directly adjoins a platinum atom and an atom of the additional element; and a fuel cell includes either of the solid catalyst as an anode-side electrode catalyst.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell includes platinum catalysts, carbon support particles and an ionomer. The carbon support particles support the platinum catalysts, and the ionomer connects the platinum catalysts. The electrode has a platinum less than about 0.2 mg/cm2 and an ionomer-to-carbon ratio between about 0.5 and about 0.9. A membrane electrode assembly includes a proton exchange membrane, a cathode layer and an anode layer. The cathode layer includes platinum catalysts, carbon support particles for supporting the platinum catalysts and an ionomer connecting the platinum catalysts. The cathode layer has a platinum loading less than about 0.2 mg/cm2 and an ionomer-to-carbon ratio between about 0.5 and about 0.9. The anode layer includes platinum catalysts, carbon support particles for supporting the platinum catalysts and an ionomer connecting the platinum catalysts.

Abstract: Highly active and stable platinum-copper (PtCu) electrocatalysts are provided. The PtCu catalysts can be in the form of discrete, spherical PtCu nanoparticles that include a particle interior comprising platinum and copper, and a surface layer comprising platinum surrounding the particle interior. The PtCu nanoparticles can exhibit enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity as compared to other Pt-based catalysts for ORR. The PtCu nanoparticles are also active as electrocatalysts for the oxidation of small molecule organic compounds, including alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.

Abstract: One embodiment includes at least one of the anode and cathode of a fuel cell comprises a first layer and a second layer in intimate contact with each other. Both the first layer and the second layer comprise a catalyst capable of catalyzing an electrochemical reaction of a reactant gas. The second layer has a higher porosity than the first layer. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) based on the layered electrode configuration and a process of making a fuel cell are also described.