Abstract: The invention relates to gas diffusion electrodes for rechargeable electrochemical cells, which comprise at least one support material bearing at least one catalyst, wherein the support material comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of electrically conductive metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides and organic semiconductors. The present invention further relates to a process for producing such gas diffusion electrodes and also rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising such gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst layer for use in a fuel cell, the layer having a composite particle material in which catalyst particles are supported on conductive particles, a proton conductive polymer and a metal oxide, wherein said metal oxide is non-particulate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bifunctional catalyst for use with air metal batteries and fuel cell. The bifunctional catalyst comprising a core and a shell, where the core comprises a metal oxide and the shell comprises a carbon nanostructure. In a further aspect the bifunctional catalyst is catalytically active for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a cathode electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, and an anode electrode having a first portion and a second portion, such that the first portion is located between the electrolyte and the second portion. The anode electrode comprises a cermet comprising a nickel containing phase and a ceramic phase. The first portion of the anode electrode contains a lower porosity and a lower ratio of the nickel containing phase to the ceramic phase than the second portion of the anode electrode. The nickel containing phase in the second portion of the anode electrode comprises nickel and at least one other metal which has a lower electrocatalytic activity than nickel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixed metal oxide exhibiting perovskite-type structural characteristics in which there are cations of Ba, Ca or Sr, a rare earth metal and Fe, Cr, Cu, Co or Mn present in three different coordination sites or a composition thereof, to a cathode composed of the mixed metal oxide or composition thereof and to a solid oxide fuel cell comprising the cathode.

Abstract: A catalyst layer including an electrocatalyst and an oxygen evolution catalyst, wherein the oxygen evolution catalyst includes a crystalline metal oxide including: (i) one of more first metals selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, sodium, potassium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, antimony and bismuth; (ii) one or more second metals selected from the group consisting of Ru, Ir, Os and Rh; and (iii) oxygen characterised in that: (a) the atomic ratio of first metal(s):second metal(s) is from 1:1.5 to 1.5:1 (b) the atomic ratio of (first metal(s)+second metal(s)):oxygen is from 1:1 to 1:2 is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst layer including: (i) a first catalytic material, wherein the first catalytic material facilitates a hydrogen oxidation reaction suitably selected from platinum group metals, gold, silver, base metals or an oxide thereof; and (ii) a second catalytic material, wherein the second catalytic material facilitates an oxygen evolution reaction, wherein the second catalytic material includes iridium or iridium oxide and one or more metals M or an oxide thereof, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Sn, wherein the transition metal is preferably selected from the group IVB, VB and VIB; and the first catalytic material is supported on the second catalytic material. The catalyst can be used in fuel cells, supported on electrodes or polymeric membranes for increasing tolerance to cell voltage reversal.

Abstract: A nickel/zinc (Ni/Zn) flow battery employs a solid suspension charge material to maintain high charge density via stability of a suspension including a binder, conductive carbon and an electrolyte. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is employed as the anodic (anode) charge material and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) is employed as the cathodic (cathode) charge material, and form respective anodic and cathodic suspensions using carbon powder and additives to form particles having high stability and high energy density. The resulting suspensions are circulated in a charge cell connected to a load for providing electrical power.

Abstract: A composite particle for electrode as an active material capable of forming an electrochemical device with excellent discharge capacities and rate characteristics is provided. A composite particle for electrode according to the present invention comprises a particulate core including at least one mother particle containing an electrode active material, and an electron-conducting layer which covers at least part of the surface of the particulate core, the electron-conducting layer including carbon and microparticles containing an electrode active material, and the microparticles having a particle size of 300 nm or less.

Abstract: An anisotropic coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) cathode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is formed by placing a layer of perovskite powder between two platens, and sintering the layer while applying pressure to the platens, thereby forming the anisotropic CTE cathode. The perovskite can be lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM).

Abstract: By incorporating a selectively conducting component in electrical series with the anode components in a solid polymer fuel cell, degradation during startup and shutdown can be reduced. As a result, the startup and shutdown procedures can be simplified and consequently certain system apparatus may be omitted. The anode does not need to be rapidly purged with hydrogen on startup or with air on shutdown. Additionally, the auxiliary load usually employed during such purging is not required.

Abstract: Anode catalysts for conversion of hydrocarbon feeds in solid oxide fuel cell membrane reactors. An anode catalyst may be a mixture of a metal with a metal oxide, for example a mixture of copper or copper-nickel alloy or copper-cobalt alloy with Cr2O3. Mixed oxides can be prepared by dissolving into water soluble salts of the different metals, chelating the metal ions with a chelating agent, neutralizing the solution, removing water by evaporation to form a gel which then is dried, and finally heating the dried gel to form a mixed oxide of the different metals. The chelating agent can be citrate ions, and ammonia can be added to the solution until the pH of the solution is about 8. The mixed oxide so formed then is reduced, for example by hydrogen, to form a composite comprising the metal (Cu, Cu—Co, Cu—Ni) and metal oxide, here Cr2O3.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode ink containing nanostructured catalyst elements is described. The method comprises providing an electrocatalyst decal comprising a carrying substrate having a nanostructured thin catalytic layer thereon, the nanostructure thin catalytic layer comprising nanostructured catalyst elements; providing a transfer substrate with an adhesive thereon; transferring the nanostructured thin catalytic layer from the carrying substrate to the transfer substrate; removing the nanostructured catalyst elements from the transfer substrate; providing an electrode ink solvent; and dispersing the nanostructured catalyst elements in the electrode ink solvent. Electrode inks, coated substrates, and membrane electrode assemblies made from the method are also described.

Abstract: A cathode material for a solid oxide fuel cell comprising a complex oxide having a perovskite structure expressed by the general formula ABO3 with a standard deviation value of no more than 10.3 for the atomic percentage of respective elements in the A site measured using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 10 spots in a single field.

Abstract: The structured body intended for use for an anode (1) in fuel cells, includes a structure formed by macro-pores and an electrode material. The macro-pores form communicating spaces which are produced by using pore forming materials. The electrode material includes skeleton-like or net-like connected structures of particles which are connected by sintering and which form two reticular systems which interengage: a first reticular system made of ceramic material and a second reticular system which contains metals to effect an electrical conductivity. The electrode material has the properties so that, with a multiple change between oxidizing and reducing conditions, substantially no major property changes occur in the ceramic reticular system, and an oxidization or reduction of the metals occurs in the second reticular system.

Abstract: Non-platinum (Pt) electrode catalysts for fuel cells, methods of manufacturing the same, and fuel cells including the non-Pt electrode catalysts. Each of the non-Pt electrode catalysts for fuel cells includes at least palladium (Pd) and iridium (Ir), and further includes a metal, oxide of the metal, or mixture thereof for compensating for the activity of Pd and Ir.

Abstract: Methods for coating a metal substrate or a metal alloy with electrically conductive titania-based material. The methods produce metal components for electrochemical devices that need high electrical conductance, corrosion resistance and electrode reaction activities for long term operation at a low cost.

Abstract: A high surface area support material is formed of an intimate mixture of carbon clusters and titanium oxide clusters. A catalytic metal, such as platinum, is deposited on the support particles and the catalyzed material used as an electrocatalyst in an electrochemical cell such as a PEM fuel cell. The composite material is prepared by thermal decomposition and oxidation of an intimate mixture of a precursor carbon polymer, a titanium alkoxide and a surfactant that serves as a molecular template for the mixed precursors.

Abstract: A lithium air battery cell includes an anode having lithium, a cathode having a Ag2Mn8O16 catalyst, and an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt. A cathode for a lithium air battery cell and a lithium air battery with a cathode including buckypaper and a Ag2Mn8O16 catalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composite material which includes a catalyst characterized by oxygen-reducing activity and which is selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, and combinations thereof, and a resin layer which covers at least a portion of the surface of the catalyst and comprises an anion exchange resin layer and a cation exchange resin layer.

Abstract: Powdered grit comprising a fused cermet of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) doped with a dopant chosen from yttrium, scandium, and a mixture of scandium and of aluminium and/or of cerium, and of nickel (Ni) and/or of cobalt (Co), said cermet having a eutectic structure, the contents, in mol %, of zirconium oxide, nickel and cobalt being such that 0.250Ni+0.176Co?(ZrO2+dopant)?0.428Ni+0.333Co, and said powdered grit having a median diameter D50 of between 0.3 ?m and 100 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides part solid, part fluid and flow electrochemical cells, for example, metal-air and lithium-air batteries and three-dimensional electrode arrays for use in part solid, part fluid electrochemical and flow cells and metal-air and lithium-air batteries.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant ceramic electrode material includes ceramic particles and, present between them, a three-dimensional network electroconducting path composed of a reductively fired product of a carbon-containing polymeric compound. This material is manufactured by a method in which a polymerization reaction of a polymerizable monomer previously contained in a ceramic slurry is performed to gel the ceramic slurry to thereby give a green body; and after drying and degreasing, the green body is fired in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell including porous catalyst particles including a noble metal having oxygen-reduction activity and a carbonaceous support, wherein the porous catalyst particles are disposed on the carbonaceous support, and an electrochemical specific surface area of the porous catalyst particles is about 70 m2/g or more.

Abstract: Composite particles for an electrode comprising LiVOPO4 particles and a metal, wherein the metal is supported on at least a portion of the surface of the LiVOPO4 particles to form a metal coating layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a fuel cell catalyst containing a metal oxycarbonitride, the method including: a step of producing a metal oxycarbonitride by heating a metal carbonitride in an inert gas containing oxygen gas; and a step of bringing the metal oxycarbonitride into contact with an acidic solution.

Abstract: Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a catalyst-supporting substrate comprises a substrate and a catalyst layer including a plurality of pores, the catalyst layer being supported on the substrate. The average diameter of the section of the pore when the catalyst is cut in the thickness direction of the thickness is 5 nm to 400 nm, and the long-side to short-side ratio of the pore on the section is 1:1 to 10:1 in average.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a production process which can produce a fuel cell catalyst having excellent durability and high oxygen reducing activity. The process for producing a fuel cell catalyst including a metal-containing oxycarbonitride of the present invention includes a grinding step for grinding the oxycarbonitride using a ball mill, wherein the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is represented by a specific compositional formula; balls in the ball mill have a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm; the grinding time using the ball mill is 1 to 45 minutes; the rotating centrifugal acceleration in grinding using the ball mill is 2 to 20 G; the grinding using the ball mill is carried out in such a state that the metal-containing oxycarbonitride is mixed with a solvent containing no oxygen atom in the molecule; and when the ball mill is a planetary ball mill, the orbital centrifugal acceleration mill is 5 to 50 G.

Abstract: A free-standing membrane electrolyte electrode assembly (ESC) comprises an electrolyte, an anode electrode formed at one end face of the electrolyte, and a cathode electrode formed at the other. The electrolyte is a single crystal having a surface along with oxide ions move or a direction in which the ions move or a polycrystal oriented along a surface along which oxide ions move or in a direction in which the ions move. The surface or the direction is parallel to the thickness direction. The thickness of the electrolyte is 50 to 800 ?m and the quotient of the division of the total thickness of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode by the thickness of the electrolyte is 0.1 or less,. The thickness of the ESC is 1 mm or less.

Abstract: In a fuel cell that includes an electrolyte (10), and an anode (20) and a cathode (30) which constitute a pair of electrodes that are arranged sandwiching the electrolyte (10), the cathode (30) includes catalyst particles (24) and trapping particles (38). The catalyst particles (24) operate as catalysts for a reaction that creates hydroxide ions from oxygen, and the trapping particles (38) trap hydrogen peroxide ions.

Abstract: A titanium suboxide powder comprising Ti4O7, Ti5O9 and Ti6O11, wherein the Ti4O7, Ti5O9 and Ti6O11 provide over 92% of the powder, and wherein the Ti4O7 is present at above 30% of the total powder.

Abstract: A porous carbonaceous composite material including a core including a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a coating layer on the core, the coating layer including a carbonaceous material including a hetero element.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a mixed catalyst containing a metal oxide nanowire, and an electrode and a fuel cell which include a mixed catalyst manufactured by the method. The method includes: forming a metal/polymer nanowire by electrospinning a polymer solution containing a first metal precursor and a second metal precursor; forming a metal oxide nanowire by heat-treating the metal/polymer mixture nanowire; and mixing the metal oxide nanowire with active metal nanoparticles. Here, the metal of the second metal precursor is used as a dopant for the metal oxide nanowire. In the event an electrode catalyst layer of a fuel cell is formed using the manufactured mixed catalyst, the fuel cell has the advantages of significantly improved performance and reduced costs in generating electricity.

Abstract: An electrolyzer cell is disclosed which includes a cathode to reduce an oxygen-containing molecule, such as H2O, CO2, or a combination thereof, to produce an oxygen ion and a fuel molecule, such as H2, CO, or a combination thereof. An electrolyte is coupled to the cathode to transport the oxygen ion to an anode. The anode is coupled to the electrolyte to receive the oxygen ion and produce oxygen gas therewith. In one embodiment, the anode may be fabricated to include an electron-conducting phase having a perovskite crystalline structure or structure similar thereto. This perovskite may have a chemical formula of substantially (Pr(1-x)Lax)(z-y)A?yBO(3-?), wherein 0<x<1, 0?y?0.5, and 0.8?z?1.1. In another embodiment, the cathode includes an electron-conducting phase that contains nickel oxide intermixed with magnesium oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode supported solid-oxide fuel cell based flame fuel cell that enable the generation of both electricity and heat from a flame (i.e. flame is used as a heat source and a fuel source for the fuel cell's operation, while supplying a useful heat for other thermochemical systems) and, more particularly, to an anode supported solid-oxide fuel cell based flame fuel cell that uses hydrocarbon/air mixture as a fuel source and includes a catalyst layer that can act as a protective layer for the anode layer, an anode layer, a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer, and an interlayer between the cathode layer and the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly includes a fuel electrode, an oxidizing agent electrode, and an electrolyte membrane provided between the fuel electrode and the oxidizing agent electrode with at least one of the fuel electrode and the oxidizing agent electrode contains a proton conductive inorganic oxide, which includes an oxide carrier containing Ti, Zr, Si and/or Al; and W, Mo, Cr and/or V oxide particles supported on a surface of the oxide carrier.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for fuel cells, a method of preparing the electrode catalyst, and a fuel cell including the electrode containing the electrode catalyst have been improved. The electrode catalyst includes a beryllium (Be) oxide catalyst, which oxidizes carbon monoxide included in a fuel gas into carbon dioxide, and a platinum (Pt) based catalyst. Thus, loss in catalytic activity of the Pt-based catalyst due to carbon monoxide is decreased, and the activity and life of the fuel cell including the electrode catalyst are improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an electrode for electrochemical reaction, wherein a conductive diamond layer is formed on an electrode substrate in the electrode; and the electrode substrate on which the conductive diamond layer is formed is kept at a temperature of 400° C. or more and 1,000° C. or less in a water vapor, thereby forming a micropore in the conductive diamond layer. Also, the present invention provides an electrode for electrochemical reaction obtained by the foregoing production process.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst having high catalytic activity which uses a transition metal, e.g., titanium, which process comprises thermal treatment at relatively low temperature, i.e., not including thermal treatment at high temperature (calcining) step. The process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst comprises a step (1) of mixing at least a transition metal-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a solvent to provide a catalyst precursor solution; a step (2) of removing the solvent from the catalyst precursor solution; and a step (3) of thermally treating a solid residue obtained in the step (2) at a temperature of 500 to 1100° C. to provide an electrode catalyst; wherein the transition metal-containing compound is partly or wholly a compound comprising at least one transition metal element (M1) selected from the group 4 and 5 elements of the periodic table as a transition metal element.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a catalyst layer of an electrode for a fuel cell has a proton conductive inorganic oxide containing an oxide superacid compound. The compound contains an element X (Titanium, Zirconium, Silicon, Tin, Hafnium, Germanium, Gallium, Indium, Cerium, Niobium or Aluminum) and an element Y (Tungsten, Molybdenum, Chromium, Boron or Vanadium). The catalyst layer also contains a reduction-oxidation metal catalyst or a carrier carrying a reduction-oxidation metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an ion conductive material useful as an anode catalyst comprising LaCrO3, a vanadium oxide (VOx) and a solid electrolyte, and methods of making the same. The catalysts are useful in solid oxide fuels cells and, in particular, using impure hydrogen.

Abstract: An anode assembly for a fuel cell, the anode assembly having an anode catalyst component, said anode catalyst component comprising both a noble metal catalyst and a photo-catalyst, and said photo-catalyst being provided for enhancing contaminant carbon monoxide oxidation upon irradiation by incident radiation; the anode assembly further comprising a current collecting means electrically coupled to the anode catalyst component and being porous to said incident radiation and fuel for the fuel cell; and a flow plate incorporating a light source for providing incident radiation.

Abstract: The invention discloses core/shell type catalyst particles comprising a Mcore/Mshell structure with Mcore=inner particle core and Mshell=outer particle shell, wherein the medium diameter of the catalyst particle (dcore+shell) is in the range of 20 to 100 nm, preferably in the range of 20 to 50 nm. The thickness of the outer shell (tshell) is about 5 to 20% of the diameter of the inner particle core of said catalyst particle, preferably comprising at least 3 atomic layers. The core/shell type catalyst particles, particularly the particles comprising a Pt-based shell, reveal a high specific activity. The catalyst particles are preferably supported on suitable support materials such as carbon black and are used as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode that contains a support layer and a catalyst layer, wherein the catalyst layer does not contain a noble metal catalyst and is formed of carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes have pores in sidewalls thereof, and have a pore size distribution of 0.1 nm to 30 nm and a BET specific surface area of 100 to 4,000 m2/g, wherein the pores penetrate or do not penetrate the sidewalls.

Abstract: The invention discloses core/shell type catalyst particles comprising a Mcore/Mshell structure with Mcore=inner particle core and Mshell?outer particle shell, wherein the medium diameter of the catalyst particle (dcore+shell) is ?20 nm. The thickness of the outer shell (tshell) comprises at least 3 atomic layers. The core/shell type catalyst particles, particularly the particles comprising a Pt-based shell, reveal a high specific activity. The catalyst particles are preferably supported on suitable support materials such as carbon black and are used as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.

Abstract: There is provided an ink for forming a fuel cell catalyst layer that is capable of efficiently forming a high-performance fuel cell catalyst layer inexpensively. The ink for forming a fuel cell catalyst layer of the present invention comprises a fuel cell catalyst, an electron conductive material, a proton conductive material and a solvent, wherein the fuel cell catalyst comprises a metal-containing oxycarbonitride that contains niobium and/or titanium; the mass ratio [(A)/(B)] of the content (A) of the fuel cell catalyst to the content (B) of the electron conductive material is 1 to 6; and the mass ratio [(D)/(C)] of the content (D) of the proton conductive material to the total content (C) of the fuel cell catalyst and the electron conductive material is 0.2 to 0.6.

Abstract: The present invention relates to SiC nanostructures, including SiC nanopowder, SiC nanowires, and composites of SiC nanopowder and nanowires, which can be used as catalyst supports in membrane electrode assemblies and in fuel cells. The present invention also relates to composite catalyst supports comprising nanopowder and one or more inorganic nanowires for a membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: A fuel cell anode comprises a porous ceramic molten metal composite of a metal or metal alloy, for example, tin or a tin alloy, infused in a ceramic where the metal is liquid at the temperatures of an operational solid oxide fuel cell, exhibiting high oxygen ion mobility. The anode can be employed in a SOFC with a thin electrolyte that can be a ceramic of the same or similar composition to that infused with the liquid metal of the porous ceramic molten metal composite anode. The thicknesses of the electrolyte can be reduced to a minimum that allows greater efficiencies of the SOFC thereby constructed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to iridium oxide based catalysts for use as anode catalysts in PEM water electrolysis. The claimed composite catalyst materials comprise iridium oxide (IrO2) and optionally ruthenium oxide (RuO2) in combination with a high surface area inorganic oxide (for example TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2 and mixtures thereof). The inorganic oxide has a BET surface area in the range of 50 to 400 m2/g, a water solubility of lower than 0.15 g/l and is present in a quantity of less than 20 wt. % based on the total weight of the catalyst. The claimed catalyst materials are characterized by a low oxygen overvoltage and long lifetime in water electrolysis. The catalysts are used in electrodes, catalyst-coated membranes and membrane-electrode-assemblies for PEM electrolyzers as well as in regenerative fuel cells (RFC), sensors, and other electrochemical devices.