Abstract: Optical waveguides interconnect optical information processing devices, or connect such devices with other optical communication links such as glass optical fibers. Fluoropolymers consisting of alternating perfluorocyclobutane and aryl ether linkages possess suitable properties for optical waveguides and other devices due to tunability in optical properties of the copolymers. Perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) copolymer may be employed in solutions that exhibit a high solids content. Such solutions show useful physical properties for optical waveguide devices since the solutions are capable of achieving single step film thicknesses, when applied to a substrate, of greater than about 0.6 microns, and sometimes may achieve a thickness of 10 microns or more.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of fabrication of devices of various purposes, which use anisotropic films: polarizers, retarders, etc., as well as technology of obtaining coatings with anisotropy of electric conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal conduction and other physical properties.

Abstract: A planographic printing plate material and a method of preparing a planographic printing plate are disclosed, the planographic printing plate material comprising a support and provided thereon, one or more structural layers containing light sensitive silver halide grains, organic silver salt grains, a reducing agent, a contrast-increasing agent and a physical developing nucleus.

Abstract: A heat-developable light-sensitive material including a support and at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer provided on the support, the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing light-sensitive silver halide grains, a compound to form a dye through coupling reaction with an oxidized product of a developing agent, and a binder, characterized in that the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer includes an emulsion containing a developing agent and tabular silver halide grains having a mean grain thickness of 0.01-0.07 .mu.m. The light-sensitive material enables to provide a convenient and quick method of forming color images.

Abstract: There are described diffusion transfer photosensitive film units which include a novel antihalation layer comprising an antihalation material, titanium dioxide and a binder. Diffusion transfer film units prepared according to the invention provide silver images of enhanced resolution, film speed and sharpness.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of: (i) imagewise exposing a silver halide light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion, a hydrophilic binder and a slightly water-soluble basic metal compound; (ii) laminating the silver halide material with a processing sheet comprising a compound which forms a complex with a metal ion constituting the basic metal compound, a physical development nucleus, a solvent for a silver halide and a matting agent, after or concurrently with the imagewise exposure; and (iii) conducting heat development in the presence of a reducing agent and water to form a silver image on at least one of the light-sensitive material and the processing sheet, wherein the processing sheet comprises an uppermost layer containing the physical development nucleus; the product of the weight ratio in the uppermost layer of the amount of the physical development nucleus to that of the binder and the reciprocal of the mean size (.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging element comprising on a support in the order given a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei in water permeable relationship with said emulsion layer, characterized in that said imaging element comprises at least 50 mg/m.sup.2 of tetramethyl reductic acid and at least 100 mg/m.sup.2 of ascorbic acid.According to the present invention there is further provided a method for making a lithographic printing plate comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element as defined above and subsequently developing a thus obtained imaging element by an alkaline processing liquid in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s).

Abstract: A heat developable photosensitive image-recording element is described comprising photosensitive silver halide, either as the only source of silver present or in association with a substantially light-insensitive source of silver, a reducing agent, a silver solvent and an image-receiving layer including silver nucleating material. The total amount of silver present is arranged in two adjacent discrete layers, one of which includes the silver reducing agent and the other of which does not. The image-recording element provides an image having significantly increased image density upon exposure and photographic processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging element comprising in the order given on a hydrophilic surface of a support (i) an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and (ii) a photosensitive layer containing a silver halide emulsion being in water permeable relationship with said image receiving layer, characterized in that said photosensitive layer comprises a substituted or unsubstituted 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone in an amount between 0.2 mg/g and 15 mg/g of silver halide expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and developing said imaging element in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) using an alkaline processing liquid characterized in that said development is carried out in the presence of a meso-ionic compound. The present invention further provides an imaging element and alkaline processing liquid for use in said method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising silver halide emulsion(s) wherein less than 1 mole % of the silver halide is silver bromide and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and developing said imaging element using an alkaline processing liquid with a pH lower than 11.5 in the presence of developing agent(s) and a meso-ionic compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of exposing and developing an imaging element comprising on a support a silver halide emulsion layer and an image-receiving layer in the presence of a silver halide solvents corresponding to the following formula:Z.sup.1 --(R.sup.1 --X.sup.1).sub.n --(R.sup.2 --X.sup.2)--L--(X.sup.3 --R.sup.3)--(X.sup.4 --R.sup.4).sub.m --Z.sup.2 (I)wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 each independently represents --S--, --NH-- or --N(R.sup.5 --Z.sup.3)--, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represents an alkylene, an alkenylene or an alkynylene, n and m each independently represents an integer from 0 to 4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photographic material comprising on a support (i) photosensitive silver halide particles, (ii) substantially light insensitive silver salt particles having a speed at least a factor 10 less than said photosensitive silver halide particles under the same conditions of exposure and development of said photosensitive silver halide particles and (iii) a releasing compound capable of image-wise releasing under the conditions for image-wise development of said photosensitive silver halide to silver a chemical sensitizer, said chemical sensitizer rendering said substantially light insensitive silver salt particles developable. The present invention also provides a method for making an image therewith and a method for making a lithographic printing plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photographic material comprising on a support photosensitive silver halide particles, and substantially light insensitive silver salt particles having a speed at least a factor 10 less under the same conditions of exposure and development of said photosensitive silver halide particles than said photosensitive silver halide particles and a releasing compound of formula (I) or (II) as specified in the claims capable of image-wise releasing sulphide or a sulphide under conditions for image-wise development of said photosensitive silver halide particles to silver. The present invention further provides a method for obtaining an image and a lithographic printing plate with said photographic material.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the DTR-process comprising the steps of:information-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a silver halide emulsion layer and an image-receiving layer containing physical development nuclei anddeveloping said information-wise exposed imaging element with an alkaline processing liquid in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) characterized in that said silver halide solvents comprise a combination of (an) alkanolamine(s) and a thiosulfate wherein said thiosulfate is used in a total amount between 0.01% and 1% by weight in said alkaline processing liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photographic material comprising on a support (i) photosensitive silver halide particles, (ii) substantially light insensitive silver salt particles having a speed at least a factor 10 less than said photosensitive silver halide particles under the same conditions of exposure and development of said photosensitive silver halide particles and (iii) a releasing compound capable of image-wise releasing under the conditions for image-wise development of said photosensitive silver halide to silver a chemical sensitizer, said chemical sensitizer rendering said substantially light insensitive silver salt particles developable. The present invention also provides a method for making an image therewith and a method for making a lithographic printing plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and developing said imaging element in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) using an alkaline processing liquid characterized in that said development is carried out in the presence of a regulator according to one of the formulas as specified in the claims. The present invention further provides an imaging element and alkaline processing liquid for use in said method.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the DTR-process comprising the steps of:information-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a silver halide emulsion layer and an image-receiving layer containing physical development nuclei anddeveloping said information-wise exposed imaging element with an alkaline processing liquid in the presence of developing agent(s), silver halide solvent(s) and hydrophobizing agent(s) characterized in that said hydrophobizing agent(s) are present in said alkaline processing liquid in a total amount of at least 0.1 g/l and wherein at least one of said silver halide solvents is a compound corresponding to the following formula:Z--(R.sup.1 --S).sub.t --R.sup.2 --S--R.sup.3 --Y (I)wherein Z and Y each independently represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, an amino group, and ammonium group, a hydroxyl, a sulfo group, a carboxyl, an amino carbonyl or an aminosulfonyl, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A method for the production of a silver image by the silver complex diffusion transfer reversal process, said method comprising the following steps:(I) image-wise photo-exposing a silver halide emulsion layer of a photographic silver halide emulsion having in waterpermeable relationship with the silver halide at least one developing agent,(II) wetting with a practically neutral aqueous liquid the said photo-exposed silver halide emulsion layer and/or wetting with said liquid a development nuclei containing layer of an image-receiving material as defined hereinafter and contacting said materials thereby bringing said layers into waterpermeable relationship with each other, and(III) separating the contacted materials after formation in the image-receiving material of a silver image,wherein said image-receiving material contains in co-operable relationship: (i) physical development nuclei, (ii) a silver halide solvent being a silver complexing agent or precursor thereof, (iii) a watersoluble sulfite or sulfite p

Abstract: A new class of photographic stabilizers is prepared and their use in photographic materials is disclosed. These compounds are 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone derivatives corresponding to following general formula: ##STR1## wherein: A represents a group capable of adsorbing at the surface of silver halides;L is a divalent linking group and r is 0 or 1;R1 and R2 each represent hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl.The photographic materials containing the substances of the invention are preferably DTR mono-sheet elements which after processing can serve as planographic printing plates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a photosensitive material for silver complex diffusion transfer process containing a hydroxybenzene developing agent which comprises coating at least one gelatin-containing coating solution on a support to form photographic layers including a photosensitive layer and drying the coat, said drying being carried out by raising surface wet-bulb temperature of the coat to 14.degree. C. or higher before gelatin concentration in the coat reaches at most about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A method for forming an image by silver salt diffusion transfer is described, comprises processing an imagewise exposed photosensitive element provided with a layer of photosensitive silver halide emulsion on a support, and an image-receiving element provided with an image-receiving layer containing a silver-precipitating agent on a support, with an alkali processing composition in the presence of a silver halide solvent, to convert at least part of the unexposed silver halide in the emulsion layer into a transferable silver complex salt, to transfer at least part of said complex salt into the image-receiving layer, and to form an image in the image-receiving layer; the processing being carried out in the presence of at least one compound as described.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for diffusion transfer process is disclosed according to which characteristic such as high maximum density, high contrast and image reproducibility can be stably obtained. This photosensitive material comprises a support and, provided thereon, a silver halide emulsion layer and a hydrophilic colloid layer and which is processed in contact with an image receiving material in a processing solution for silver complex diffusion transfer process wherein at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and the hydrophillic colloid layer permeable to water contains a hydroxybenzene developing agent; when the layers on the emulsion layer coated side are immersed in a 0.1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 20.degree. C. for 1 minute, amount of solution absorbed in the layers is 3.5-7.0 ml per 1 g of hydrophilic colloid; and the support comprises a paper coated with polyolefin resin on both sides and has a water content of 5.5%-7.5%.

Abstract: Method for making images by image-wise exposing a silver halide emulsion layer, developing it with an alkaline processing solution in the presence of a silver halide solvent, development nuclei, and a density- and tone-controlling compound, transferring silver complexes from the emulsion layer to a non-light-sensitive image-receiving layer and forming an image therein, said density- and tone-controlling compound being contained in said image-receiving layer and/or in said processing solution and corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 (same or different) represent hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, or Alk.sub.1 --X--Alk.sub.2 --Y--; Alk.sub.1 is (substituted) C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; X is --O-- or --S--; Alk.sub.2 is (substituted) C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylene; Y is a single bond, --O--, --S--, --CONH--, --SO.sub.2 NH--, or --NHCONH--; R.sup.3 can alternatively represent (substituted) C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylthio; at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for forming an image by silver salt diffusion transfer comprising developing a light-sensitive element which comprises a support having provided thereon a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer which has been imagewise exposed to light by an alkaline processing composition in the presence of a silver halide solvent so that at least a part of silver halide unexposed in said emulsion layer is converted to a transferable silver complex salt, and then transferring at least a part of said silver complex salt to an image-receiving layer containing a silver precipitating agent to form an image on said image-receiving layer, wherein the concentration of said silver precipitating agent in said image-receiving layer is in the range of from 2.times.10.sup.-6 to 8.times.10.sup.-6 mol/m.sup.2 and at least one of said light-sensitive element and said alkaline processing composition contains at least one of a compound represented by formula (I) and a compound represented by formula (II) ##STR1## wherein R.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a photographic element containing a radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a macrocyclic thia or selena ether compound which also comprises oxygen atoms. These macrocyclic compounds are improved silver halide ripening agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-sensitive photographic element for negative type lithographic printing plates high in sensitivity and contrast which comprises a support having thereon a light-sensitive silver halide, a metal salt particle having substantially no light-sensitivity, a compound which reacts with an oxidized developing agent produced by development to release a compond which acts as a solvent or a solution physical development accelerator for said metal salt particle and physical development nuclei.

Abstract: An image-receiving element for use in a diffusion transfer process comprising a transparent support carrying an image-receiving layer and a hydrogel comprising a hydrophilic polymer layer cross-linked by ionizing radiation, said polymer layer containing aqueous alkaline photographic processing composition.

Abstract: In a process for forming an image by diffusion transfer, this process for forming an image comprises performing the diffusion transfer by using a hydroxylamine represented by the formula: ##STR1## as a developing agent, and using a cyclic imide as a silver halide solvent in the presence of a 1-aryl-3-pyrazolidinone compound represented by the formula: ##STR2##

Abstract: A photographic recording material. On a support are provided a silver emulsion halide layer and a photographic layer. The photographic layer contains an indole compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein PUG represents a photographically useful group, Ball represents an organic group which has enough molecular weight and/or disposition to render the compound non-diffusible during processing of the photographic recording material with an alkaline medium and wherein the Ball contains a nitrogen atom which is directly attached to the 5th or 6th position of the indole ring. R.sub.1 represents a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group. R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a low molecular group attached, through a carbon atom, to the 2nd position of the indole ring. "m" represents an integer of zero to 3.

Abstract: This application relates to the use of certain dihydro-benzotriazine compounds as photographic silver halide developing agents and to photographic processes, products and compositions which utilize the same. The compounds are effective developers in acid environment as well as in basic environment. Also described are novel dihydro-benzotriazine compounds.

Abstract: In a photographic material, comprising a photographic constitution layer or layers containing a silver halide developer on a support obtained by coating base paper with a film-forming resin, the use of the base paper treated with a sulfinic acid or a salt thereof prevents the discoloration of the photographic material by the influence of the silver halide developer.

Abstract: Photographic materials and photographic processes employing light sensitive silver halide particles, silver halide particles which are substantially non-light sensitive having been modified with a silver halide solubility reducing agent and internally fogged silver halide particles which are substantially non-light sensitive provide negative silver images of high contrast and high maximum density.

Abstract: This invention relates to photographic products and processes employing silver halide solvent precursors of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent organic radical; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical; Z is a moiety that undergoes .beta.-elimination in aqueous alkaline solution and preferably is a moiety that undergoes .beta.-elimination in aqueous alkaline solution to release a photographically useful reagent; and n is an integer 3, 4 or 5.

Abstract: This invention relates to photographic products and processes employing silver halide solvent precursors of the formulae ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, the same or different, each are hydrogen, alkyl, phenalkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with an electron-donating or electron-withdrawing group; R.sup.3 is alkyl, phenalkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl; Z is --CN or --SO.sub.2 R.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is branched-chain alkyl, phenalkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl; and n is an integer 3, 4 or 5.

Abstract: Certain organic, carbon acid silver halide complexing agents in a photographic diffusion transfer system provide suitable replacement for conventional silver halide complexing agents. Such organic, silver halide complexing agents include certain sulfones, nitriles and onium salts. These are especially useful in a silver salt diffusion transfer system. They can be employed with silver halide developing agents, such as in a monobath, and are especially suitable with a hydroxylamine silver halide developing agent. Other addenda commonly employed in photographic diffusion transfer systems can be employed in combination with these silver halide complexing agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel bicyclic compounds useful as photographic silver halide developing agents, to the preparation of these compounds and to photographic products, processes and compositions employing the same. The subject compounds may be represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, the same or different, each represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon moiety, preferably an alkyl group, --COOH or --COOR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, the same or different, each represent hydrogen or an alkyl group, R.sub.5 represents hydrogen or --COR.sup.2 wherein R.sup.2 is an alkyl group; R.sub.6 represents hydrogen when R.sub.5 is hydrogen and represents hydrogen or --OCOR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is an alkyl group the same as R.sup.2 when R.sub.5 represents --COR.sup.2 ; X represents --OH, --NH.sub.2 or --NHCOR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 represents an alkyl group the same as R.sup.2 ; Y represents --OH or --OCOR.sup.5 wherein R.sup.

Abstract: A processing solution composition for treating an image receiving layer in silver complex diffusion transfer process, which contains 1.7.times.10.sup.-3 to 1.7.times.10.sup.-2 mole/liter of a bromide and 2.0 to 12.0 mole-% of potassium ion based on total cations of the salts contained in the composition accelerates the transfer speed and gives a silver image high in maximum density, contrast and sharpness to the image.

Abstract: Method for making lithographic printing plates by silver salt diffusion transfer process is disclosed. That is, lithographic printing plates having excellent printing endurance are obtained by carrying out the diffusion transfer processing in the presence of a compound having the ring structure ##STR1## which may be present in at least one constitutive layer of the printing plate materials (photographic materials) used for making the printing plates or in the diffusion transfer processing solution.

Abstract: Transfer silver images high in maximum density, contrast and sharpness and small in dependency on developing temperatures are obtained by image wise exposing and developing a diffusion transfer light sensitive material which comprises a support having thereon at least a carbon black-containing layer and a silver halide emulsion layer present on said carbon black containing layer, said carbon black-containing layer and/or layer adjacent thereto containing 3-pyrazolidone compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydroxyalkyl or alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being hydroxyalkyl group and R.sub.3 is an aryl group.

Abstract: Alkanes containing an intralinear sulfonyl group and a cyano group separated by a single carbon substituted with at least one hydrogen atom are employed as silver halide solvents in photographic processes and compositions.

Abstract: In a silver halide photographic material, at least one mercapto complexing agent for silver salt is contained in at least one photographic constituting layer and at least one anion or betaine type cyanine sensitizing dye is contained in silver halide emulsion layer to improve photographic defects such as reduction of sensitivity, softening in tone, etc.

Abstract: A method for forming a negative image comprising imagewise exposing a photographic material to provide exposed areas and unexposed areas, said material comprising, on a support, (1) an emulsion layer containing a light-sensitive silver halide, (2) unsensitized silver halide metallic salt grains which are more soluble in a developer than the light sensitive silver halide, and (3) nuclei for physical development, processing said material in the presence of a reducing agent and a solvent for said grains with said developer containing a substance which renders said grains less soluble by adsorbing thereto, said developer rendering said grains in said exposed areas and not in said unexposed areas soluble in said solvent, whereby metal ions are released and deposited on said nuclei.

Abstract: Lithographic printing plates having high ink receptivity, suffuring no ink stains and having much improved printing endurance can be produced by silver complex diffusion transfer process from lithographic printing plate materials comprising a support having thereon at least both silver halide emulsion layer and physical development nuclei layer wherein the diffusion transfer processing is carried out in the presence of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid derivatives or, besides this 2-mercaptobenzoic acid derivatives, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkanolamines and cyclic imide compounds which may be contained in at least one layers of the lithographic printing plate materials and/or the diffusion transfer developing solutions.

Abstract: In production of lithographic printing plates by developing a photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least both silver halide emulsion layer and physical development nuclei layer by silver complex diffusion transfer process to form transfer silver to be used as ink-receptive portions of the lithographic printing plates, when the development is carried out in the presence of a cyclic imide compound (alone or in combination with sulfites, thiosulfates, thiocyanates or alkanolamines) as defined hereinafter, ink-receptivity of the transfer silver image portions and printing endurance of thus obtained printing plates are improved. Moreover, the non-image portions have no or substantially no stains.

Abstract: There are described photographic products, processes and compositions wherein cyclic crown ether ligands are utilized as silver halide solvents. Also disclosed are novel cyclic crown ether ligands.

Abstract: There are described novel acyclic silver complexing agents which are useful as silver halide solvents in photographic products, processes and compositions. Also disclosed are photographic compositions, products and processes in which the complexing agents are utilized.

Abstract: Photographic elements, processes for forming images in photographic elements and new compounds are disclosed. Generally, the invention relates to improved immobile compounds which can be used to provide positive images from negative recording-developing photographic materials such as negative silver halide emulsions. The compounds contain a photographically useful group such as a dye or dye precursor and are capable of releasing said photographically useful group under alkaline conditions, and are also capable of reaction with an oxidized silver halide developing agent before substantial release of said photographically useful group occurs, to provide a reaction product having a substantially lower rate of release of said photographically useful group.