Abstract: Photopolymer positive surprint color proofing film based on epoxy acrylate monomer exhibits low dot gain, low time dependence of toning and good tonal range. Binder can be methylmethacrylate/ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, preferably crosslinked with zinc ions and plasticized with a second acrylate monomer and a mixture of triacetin and trimethylol propane.

Abstract: In a method for a phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube including the steps of forming a photo-tacky layer on a panel of a cathode ray tube, exposing the photo-tacky layer to form an adhesive pattern on the layer, and adhering phosphor powder on the adhesive pattern, in which these exposing and adhering steps are repeated. Before next exposing step, the photo-tacky layer is heated and then exposed after cooled. The heating step prevents the sensitivity of the layer from deterioration occurred by the preceding adhering step.

Abstract: A process is described to improve the reproduction quality of multiply exposable negatively tonable light-sensitive reproduction materials containing at least one 1,4-dihydropyridine compound, wherein the light-sensitive layer is treated with a strong acid before the imagewise exposure.

Abstract: A process for the production of patterns that consist of powders and that are positive with respect to the original is described, according to which a light-sensitive layer containing at least one 1,4-dihydropyridine compound is exposed imagewise, treated with a strong acid, post-exposed diffusely to produce tacky areas, and is subsequently toned.

Abstract: An imageable toner powder comprising a solid material capable of existing as a supercooled liquid after being heated above its melting temperature and subsequently cooled and a colorant.

Abstract: A fluorescent screen of a color picture tube is manufactured by the steps of forming a film of substance which becomes sticky when exposed to light on an inner surface of a panel of the tube, exposing predetermined portion of the film through a shadow mask to render sticky the exposed portions, repeatedly applying powders of phosphors of respective colors onto the portions which became sticky so as to form phosphor picture elements of respective colors, exposing portions of the film other than the predetermined portions to render them sticky, and applying a powder of graphite to the portions other than the predetermined portions to form a black matrix film.

Abstract: A process for providing a direct optical readout of a pattern or collection of data in a plurality of distincitive colors on a dielectric film capable of receiving information by exposure to an electron beam imaging source, which process comprises subjecting said film to a series of separate exposures from an electron beam source, each exposure representing a portion of the overall pattern or collecton of data to be transmitted; treating said film after each exposure intended to distinguish a portion of the overall information with a toner of a distinctive color which combination of colors may be selected for maximum definition and contrast; and separately drying each of said toners on said film before re-exposing said film to said electron beam source for receipt of an additional portion of the pattern or information to be transmitted.

Abstract: Efficient, lower cost process for preparing dry, nonelectroscopic toners surface coated with antistatic agent and liquid slip agent, utilizing a pressure filter and a planetary mixer. The toners are useful for developing positive- or negative-working photosensitive elements and having imagewise tacky and nontacky surfaces.

Abstract: A process for removing covering films by blowing CO.sub.2 particles against the film. Fine ice particles may be mixed with the CO.sub.2 particles.

Abstract: A light-sensitive printing plate precursor is described comprising a support having provided thereon a light-sensitive layer, said light-sensitive layer having spray-coated and dried thereon an aqueous liquid containing a resin in a dissolved or dispersed state.

Abstract: An imageable toner powder comprising a solid material capable of existing as a supercooled liquid after being heated above its melting temperature and subsequently cooled and a colorant.

Abstract: A process for the production of patterns on a substrate bearing a layer of a negative-working, light-sensitive composition comprising at least one 1,4-dihydropyridine compound substituted in the 4 position by a 2'-nitrophenyl ring which becomes tacky and tonable on exposure to actinic radiation, comprising the steps of:(a) exposing said light-sensitive layer imagewise to actinic radiation whereby tacky areas are formed, and,(b) toning said exposed tacky areas with finely divided powders.

Abstract: Dry nonelectroscopic toners comprising pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution of 0.2 to 30 micrometers, not more than 50 percent of the particles being less than 1 micrometer, surface coated with nonionic siloxane polyoxyalkylene copolymer with a polar end as defined having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 7 to 15. The toners are useful in color developing positive- and negative-working photosensitive elements, particularly in automatic toning machine. Good clean-up and low stain propensity are achieved.

Abstract: A color image forming method wherein a colored, water soluble polymer and a photo-sensitive polymerization initiator are layered upon a transparent base material, exposed to light through a negative original, washed with water to remove unpolymerized material, proofed, and then dyed to an optical density of at least 2.5.

Abstract: Process of preparing dry nonelectroscopic toner comprising pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution of 0.2 to 30 micrometers, surface coated with at least 0.1% by weight of silicone oil or fluorocarbon compound, in combination with at least 0.5% by weight of a water soluble, polymeric quaternary ammonium compound as defined. The toner is useful in color developing positive- and negative-working photosensitive elements. The toners, particularly magenta and cyan, exhibit high density and excellent stability.

Abstract: Dry nonelectroscopic toner comprising pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution of 0.2 to 30 micrometers, surface coated with at least 0.1% by weight of silicone oil or fluorocarbon compound, in combination with at least 0.5% by weight of a water soluble, polymeric quaternary ammonium compound as defined. The toner is useful in color developing positive- and negative-working photosensitive elements. The toners, particularly magenta and cyan, exhibit high density and excellent stability.

Abstract: Method for repetitive registering and imagewise exposing to actinic radiation a sheet substrate containing a photosensitive layer with use of a sequence of related photomasks. A liquid layer separates the photosensitive layer and each photomask during the exposure step.

Abstract: An opaque reflective print copy is produced by transferring via heat and pressure, an electrophotographically formed toner image to a presoftened transparent thermoplastic thin layer carried bonded to an opaque substrate. The print is formed of at least one generally planar toner image layer embedded in the plastic layer near the outer surface thereof whereby light illuminating the print enters the thin layer and is reflected from the interface between said layer and said substrate, passing through the toner particles as well as being reflected from the toner particles themselves, whereby to provide an image having greater depth intensity and contrast than can be obtained using silver halide photographic film, all without distortion of the image, loss in density or loss in resolution. The substrate may have smooth or roughened surface, and may be selected from plain or coated paper, metal, stone, stretchable and/or inflatable media as well as irregularly shaped objects.

Abstract: The lithographic printing plate of the invention comprises a substrate having a hydrophilic surface, a coating on said surface of a light sensitive material (e.g., a water soluble diazo) and a top coating of discrete, oleophilic resin particles (e.g., an emulsion polymer), the resin particle coating being:(a) transparent to actinic light;(b) sufficiently permeable to allow a developer for the light sensitive material to penetrate through to the underlying light sensitive coating;(c) insoluble in said developer;(d) capable of being coalesced in situ after the plate is imaged and developed.

Abstract: The actinic radiation-exposed or unexposed areas, whichever are relatively low in abrasion resistance, formed in a photosensitive composition layer superimposed on a substrate are selectively removed by blowing an abrasive material against the layer, thereby to obtain a desired image in the layer. By utilizing an article body intended for engraving a pattern as the substrate and by further blowing an abrasive material against the article body until the article body comes to have a pattern of desired depth, a pattern-engraved article can be advantageously produced. The above processes are extremely advantageous over the prior art because any solvent is not needed for the development so that the treatment of the waste solvent and the drying step can be eliminated and because a pattern-engraved article can be produced by the dry process in which the number of necessary steps is reduced.

Abstract: A photosensitive element is provided by an actinic radiation-transmissive film-forming polymeric material which contains photolabile blocked surfactant capable upon exposure to actinic radiation of releasing a detectable quantity of surfactant in actinic radiation exposed areas in areas not exposed to actinic radiation and unblocked surfactant in an image-wise pattern in the actinic radiation exposed areas. An imaging process is also provided comprising providing the actinic radiation-sensitive element and exposing the actinic radiation-sensitive element to actinic radiation in an image-wise pattern at an intensity and for a time sufficient to release an image-wise pattern of released surfactant in the exposed area.

Abstract: Process for toning imagewise tacky surfaces by multiple application of at least two toners containing different low melting compounds having a polar substituent and melting in the range of 25.degree. to 110.degree. C., which in contact with one another render the toners tacky at room temperature thus yielding higher color density or change of color tone.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of flexible circuits formed from flexible photohardenable elements having at least one organic elastomeric polymeric binder which comprises(a) exposing imagewise said element,(b) applying particulate conductive metal, e.g., nickel, copper, to the unexposed image areas, optionally(c) heating the metal bearing areas, then(d) removing excess metal particles, optionally(e) fixing the particulate metal to the layer by heating, exposing to UV light or mechanical embedding, and(f) plating electrolessly or soldering the metal containing areas. The process can be operated continuously to prepare single and double layer flexible printed circuits, membrane switches, etc.

Abstract: A process for generating high resolution conductive patterns on an insulating substrate. A photosensitive resin coating applied to the surface of a substrate is exposed to a suitable light source through a mask. The unexposed portion of the coating defines the desired conductive pattern which is then coated with a low temperature melting glass powder. The substrate is fired to sinter the glass pattern and fuse it to the substrate. The substrate is then coated with a slurry of fine metal particles suspended in a volatilizable carrier. The substrate is again fired to sinter the metal into a united mass and causing it to fuse only with the low temperature melting glass pattern. The unadhered portions of the metal coating are removed by a washing operation. An exclusively metallic layer is thereby formed on a high resolution glass pattern intermediate layer supported by the substrate.

Abstract: Process for preparation of printed circuits by applying particulate metal to tacky image areas, optionally removing excess particulate metal, and contacting the metallized image areas with an aqueous solution comprising cations of a plating metal to accomplish a metal-metal ion displacement reaction, the solution being substantially free of any chemical reducing agent for said cations. Preferably the conductive circuit is electroplated or soldered.

Abstract: Process for formation of white opaque image in the toned areas of a photopolymer composition which comprises a leachable monomer, photoinitiator, organic polymer binder and optionally a plasticizer wherein the toned image areas are treated with a leaching solution, e.g., mixtures of organic solvents or mixtures of water and organic solvents; washing the treated areas, e.g., with water; and drying at a temperature up to 70.degree. C., e.g., with hot air dryer. The process is useful for the preparation of overlay exhibits and direct positive image for microfilm.

Abstract: Process for modifying the tacky surface of a surprint multicolor proof having at least two nonplanar, nonsilver halide colored photoimaged elements bonded to a support and an outer photosensitive tacky layer whereby at least one particulate material, 0.1 to 20.mu. average particle size, having an oil absorbtivity of at least 30% by weight based on the weight of particulate material determined by Gardner-Coleman Method, ASTM D-1483-60 treated with at least 5% by weight of a transparentizing oil liquid having a boiling point greater than 100.degree. C. whereby the treated particulate material is applied to the tacky surface and the excess material is removed. The proofs obtained are excellent matches to press proofs on various surfaces.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of flexible circuits formed from flexible photohardenable elements having at least one organic elastomeric polymeric binder which comprises(a) exposing imagewise said element,(b) applying particulate conductive metal, e.g., nickel, copper, to the unexposed image areas, optionally(c) heating the metal bearing areas, then(d) removing excess metal particles, optionally(e) fixing the particulate metal to the layer by heating, exposing to UV light or mechanical embedding, and(f) plating electrolessly or soldering the metal containing areas. The process can be operated continuously to prepare single and double layer flexible printed circuits, membrane switches, etc.

Abstract: A hard and adherent coating is formed from a sulfur-free organic resin coating by ion bombardment at an initial range, to at least partially carbonize the coating, and then at a lesser range, to enhance scratch resistance through improved adhesion.

Abstract: A process for forming a fluorescent screen, where polychroic patterns are successively formed from at least two kinds of phosphors having different color emission or black powder by means of a photosensitive substance capable of turning tacky by light irradiation, which comprises bringing a finer particulate filling material than particles of the phosphors in contact with tackified parts when or after the particles of the phosphors are applied to the tackified parts in the individual steps of forming patterns each of the individual phosphors. The filling material saturates the tackiness of the phosphor pattern in question in advance to formation of a phosphor pattern in the successive step, and a cause for contamination of the pattern of the preceding step with the phosphor of the successive step can be eliminated thereby.

Abstract: Dry nonelectroscopic toners comprising pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution of 0.2 to 30 micrometers, not more than 50 percent of the particles being less than 1 micrometer surface treated with a combination of at least 1% by weight of an antistatic agent and at least 0.5% of a slip agent as described. The preparation of the toners is described. The toners are useful in color developing positive and negative-working photosensitive elements particularly in an automatic toning machine. Improved clean-up and low stain propensity are achieved.

Abstract: A method of forming a color-proofing surprint includes the image-wise light exposing of an imaging sheet having a photoresist top layer, removing by the application of developer fluid the more soluble areas remaining after light exposure, thereby revealing image-defining areas of an underlying layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive, and applying a powdered colorant to such image-defining areas of adhesive. The residual areas of the photoresist layer may then be removed to reveal the non-imaged areas of the adhesive layer and the image-bearing adhesive surface of the sheet pressed into adhesive contact with a receiving surface. Removal of the original carrier film of the imaging sheet from the adhesive layer renders this layer accessible to receive, in image registration, the image-bearing adhesive layer, in different color, of a separate imaging sheet.

Abstract: The finished surface of a multicolor surprint proof is made to exhibit a matte appearance and closely simulate the surface texture of the printing stock to which it is applied. Individual colored image adhesive layers are laminated in register to a receptor sheet which comprises a coated layer of film-forming polymer composition on a polyester carrier sheet having a matte texture surface. Subsequent to final adhesive lamination of the assembled surprint to desired printing stock, the receptor carrier sheet is stripped from the polymer film layer to yield a tough protective film overlayer which complements the matte texture of the original receptor carrier sheet surface and provides the desired matte appearance of the multicolor proof.

Abstract: Dry nonelectroscopic toners comprising pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution of 0.2 to 30 micrometers, not more than 50 percent of the particles being less than 1 micrometer surface treated with a combination of at least 1% by weight of an antistatic agent and at least 0.5% of a slip agent as described. The preparation of the toners is described. The toners are useful in colr developing positive and negative-working photosensitive elements particularly in an automatic toning machine. Improved clean-up and low stain propensity are achieved.

Abstract: A nonsilver photosensitive reproduction element which comprises a support bearing a layer of a photosensitive composition which comprises (1) at least one thermoplastic binder, (2) a photosensitive system consisting essentially of (a) a hexaarylbiimidazole compound and (b) a dihydropyridine compound; and optionally (3) a plasticizer, and (4) a thioamide, thiolactam or thiocarbanilic acid ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined. The photosensitive element is useful in preparing negative tonable images.

Abstract: A photosensitive element which comprises a support bearing a layer of negative-working tonable photoimaging composition comprising at least one organic polymeric binder (a), a photosensitizer (b) which generates an acid upon absorption of actinic radiation, and at least one compound taken from the group of ##STR1## as defined, binder (a) being plasticized by the decomposition product of either compound (c) or (d) or the combination thereof. The photosensitive element is useful in making color proofs.

Abstract: Improved process for forming multicolor proofs by laminating to a receptor a positive-working photopolymer element having an electrical discharge treated polyethylene terephthalate support bearing a photopolymerizable layer containing a monomeric component of or mixture of monomeric components as defined; a compatible polymeric acrylate binder and optionally a polyvinyl acetate binder, the weight ratio of polyvinyl acetate to acrylate binder being less than 4 to 3, and an initiator or initiator system; exposing the layer imagewise; removing the support, applying and distributing colorant, removing the colorant in the exposed areas and repeating the steps at least once with another photopolymer element, the lamination being to the previously laminated element.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions are described containing a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a photoinitiator or initiator system, and selected acidic polymeric binders. The organic binder mixture contains a compound chosen from each of two selected classes. These photopolymerizable compositions yield superior processability, i.e., on developing and stripping, in solely aqueous alkaline media devoid of organic solvents, decreased softness and/or tackiness, and improved adhesion when compared to the prior art. The compositions are particularly useful for preparing photoresists.

Abstract: Metallic images of uniform quality can be formed on substrates having through-holes by a process using a positive type resist characterized by using as a coating solution for the substrate a solution of a photosensitive material of (a) at least one organic compound having at least one linkage of --M--M--M ).sub.n (M=Si, Ge or Sn; n=0, 1 or more) in the molecule or (b) a mixture of at least one organic compound (a) mentioned above and at least one photosensitizer, dissolved in a solvent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a heterocyclic compound, or a mixture thereof, followed by irradiation with an actinic light through a photomask and electroless plating.

Abstract: Process for modifying tacky surfaces, e.g., tacky layer on a photograph or other photochemically produced record, which comprises applying an admixture of particulate material and carrier particles and removing the excess particulate material and carrier particles. The ratio of average particle diameter of the carrier particles to average particle diameter of the particulate material is greater than 2 and the weight ratio of particulate material to carrier particles is less than 1. The degree of surface modification, e.g., light reflectivity, etc., can be controlled by the process.

Abstract: Dry nonelectroscopic toners comprising pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution of 0.2 to 30 micrometers, not more than 50 percent of the particles being less than 1 micrometer surface treated with a combination of at least 1% by weight of an antistatic agent and at least 0.5% of a slip agent as described. The preparation of the toners is described. The toners are useful in color developing positive and negative-working photosensitive elements particularly in an automatic toning machine. Improved clean-up and low stain propensity are achieved.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method of protecting pre-press and pre-plate proofs in a non-costly manner by applying a cover sheet of hard thin clear plastic having a pressure sensitive backing. The cover sheet can be polyester, polyethylene, Mylar, etc.

Abstract: Master and working photomasks are made using a photoresist darkened on and bonded to respective quartz substrates. The working photomask is formed by deep ultraviolet light exposure through an electron beam patterned master mask. Deep ultraviolet light is also used to pattern a resist on a silicon slice through the working mask. The same resist is preferably used on the slice and both masks.

Abstract: Process for modifying a tacky surface of a multilayer negative-working surprint proof having a photosensitive tacky layer as the outer layer which comprises exposing the tacky layer through a screen tint, e.g., having a tint value of 25 to 75 percent, and applying an admixture of particulate material and carrier particles and removing excess particulate material and the carrier particles from the tacky surface. The ratio of average particle diameter of the carrier particles to average particle diameter of the particulate material is greater than 2 and the weight ratio of particulate material to carrier particles is less than 1. A durable matte finish is obtained that is nonblocking, is capable of being written on, and is noncracking over extended storage periods.

Abstract: Toner particles of an intimate mixture of 25 to 75% by weight of substantially colorless, inert, nonelectroscopic spheroidal-shape polymer particles of size distribution in the range of greater than 5 to less than 60 .mu.m, not more than 15% of the polymer particles being less than 10 .mu.m or greater than 50 .mu.m equivalent spherical diameter, and 75 to 25% by weight of colorant particles having a size distribution within the range of 0.2 to 30 .mu.m and not more than 50% of the colorant particles being less than 1 .mu.m particle size. Ionic copolymer spheroidal particles are preferred. The toner particles are useful for color development of tacky areas by depositing and distributing the toner particles by means of a pad, including an applicator apparatus comprising a housing for toner, a free moving weight in the housing for agitating the toner, means to release toner from the housing, and at least two hinged pads mounted on the housing.

Abstract: An improved photosensitive element comprises a cover sheet, a photoadherent layer, and a tonable contiguous layer receptive to colorant or particulate material for applications such as color proofing. Such elements are capable of producing duplicate images.

Abstract: A photosensitive element which comprises a support bearing a layer of negative-working tonable photoimaging composition comprising at least one organic polymeric binder (a), a photosensitizer (b) which generates an acid upon absorption of actinic radiation, and at least one compound taken from the group of ##STR1## as defined, binder (a) being plasticized by the decomposition product of either compound (c) or (d) or the combination thereof. The photosensitive element is useful in making color proofs.

Abstract: Process for preparation of multicolor images on a single negative-working photosensitive layer which comprises imagewise exposing the layer through a transparency to form tacky image areas; toning the tacky image areas with a toner which becomes swollen or solubilized upon contact with the tacky areas; buffing or rubbing the toned image areas until glossy; and repeating the exposing, toning and buffing or rubbing using a different image-bearing transparency and appropriate toner. The process is useful in preparing multicolor proofs, e.g., maps, textile and wall covering design proofs and samples, etc.

Abstract: Process for preparation of multicolor surprint proofs from a composite photoimaged element, e.g., photopolymer element, having, in order, a sheet support, at least two colored photoimaged elements, and a layer of colloidal silica applied thereon, said colloidal silica being coated from a substantially aqueous dispersion wherein the colloidal silica has an average particle diameter of less than 500 nm and wherein at least 75% of the solids of said dispersion are silica, the silica layer being at least 20 mg/dm.sup.2 when dried. The multicolor proofs obtained contain a sharp image free from any three-dimensional effects and have a delustered, matte appearance which simulates printed press sheets.

Abstract: Electrically conductive through-holes in a substrate are prepared by (a) laminating a film based plastic photosensitive toner-receptive stratum to at least one surface of the substrate; (b) applying a pressure differential across the stratum covering the substrate holes, the outside pressure exceeding that inside the holes; in either order (c) removing at least one film base or (d) exposing the photosensitive stratum imagewise, (e) adhering metal or catalytic particles to hole walls and image areas, (f) optionally hardening or curing the particulate areas and (g) providing an electrically conductive printed circuit and through-holes, e.g., by plating metal electrolessly, soldering or conjoining the metallized or catalyzed areas.