Abstract: Color reversal photographic elements can be effectively processed to provide color positive images using biodegradable bleaching compositions when the following fixing compositions contain an uncomplexed aminodisuccinic acid additive. The presence of the additive in the fixing composition seems to reduce the retained iron from use of the biodegradable bleaching composition, thereby reducing yellow stain and other undesirable effects in the color images, and iron precipitates in the fixing bath.

Abstract: Color photographic silver halide elements, such as color films, can be rapidly fixed using a fixing composition containing a thiosulfate fixing agent, and certain sulfur-substituted oxadiazoles (that is oxadiazolethiones). Each of the components is present in specific amounts to effect rapid and efficient desilvering. The composition also includes predominantly ammonium cations (at least 50 mol %). Besides effective and rapid silver removal (less than 60 seconds), the fixing composition also minimizes residual dye stain from sensitizing dye aggregates within the photographic elements.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the method comprising the steps of: exposing the light-sensitive material; color developing the light-sensitive material; and desilvering the light-sensitive material, the desilvering step comprising processing the light-sensitive material with a desilvering processing solution containing at least one compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein Z represents --NR.sub.5 (R.sub.6) or --OR.sub.7, R represents an alkylene group, n represents 0 or 1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, and R.sub.7 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, provided that any two of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be combined with each other to form a ring, that the total carbon number of R.sub.5 and R.

Abstract: Color photographic silver halide elements, such as color films, can be rapidly fixed using a fixing composition containing a mixture of thiosulfate and thiocyanate fixing agents, and certain sulfur-containing 1,2,4-triazoles. Each of the components is present in specific amounts to effect rapid and efficient desilvering. The composition also includes predominantly ammonium cations (at least 50 mol %). Besides effective and rapid silver removal (up to 50 seconds), the fixing composition also minimizes residual dye stain from sensitizing dye aggregates within the photographic elements.

Abstract: A bleach/fixing bath, characterized in that it contains, apart from the active and auxiliary substances necessary for bleach/fixing, a phosphonocarboxylic acid having at least two carboxylic acid groups per molecule, is lower in odor and more stable than conventional bleaching baths.

Abstract: Methods of selectively silvering photographic materials. A method for selective reflective silvering of color negative photographic materials, whereby an attractive image comprising reflective silver, black, and full color areas may be obtained, comprises the steps of developing the materials using a conventional color developer, applying a reflective silvering bath, and removing silver from selected areas of said materials. A method for selective reflective silvering of color positive photographic materials comprises the steps of developing said materials using a conventional color developer, applying a reflective silvering bath, and removing silver from selected areas of said materials.

Abstract: Color photographic elements are processed with an acidic periodate bleaching composition that may also include chloride ions as a rehalogenating agent. Bleaching is carried out after color development is stopped with an acidic stop bath. The processing method provides relatively rapid bleaching without physical defects such as blistering or vesiculation.

Abstract: A process for the development of an imagewise exposed photographic recording material containing more than 200 mg/m.sup.2 of silver comprises subjecting the photographic recording material to a development/amplification step using a developer/amplifier solution containing an oxidizing agent, and controlling the process temperature within the range of from 20 to 50.degree. C. and the process time between 5 and 20 seconds. After the development/amplification step, the photographic material can be immediately subjected to a bleach-fix step, and staining is avoided.

Abstract: A color photographic silver halide material is processed effectively without formation of rust after the bleaching step. Bleaching is accomplished using an iron chelate of a biodegradable aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating ligand that has a tendency to form "rust" or ferrous hydroxide in processing baths conventionally used after bleaching, such as washing solution. This tendency to form rust is overcome by spraying the bleached film with a washing solution before fixing, and without immersion of the film in that washing solution.

Abstract: A silver halide material can be processed using a redox amplification developer solution and a bleach solution. Both solutions contain a peroxide oxidant.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic photosensitive material comprises the steps of desilverizing a photosensitive silver halide material having at least one red-sensitive layer, green-sensitive layer and blue-sensitive layer respectively on one side of a transparent support and a magnetic recording layer containing magnetic grains on the other side after the color development and then washing it with water and/or stabilizing it, wherein a bath having fixing function used in the desilverization step contains the following compound or analogue thereof. ##STR1## This method does not impair the S/N ratio of the magnetically recorded information and excellent desilverization effect can be obtained.

Abstract: Color photographic elements are processed with a highly acidic periodate bleaching solution including a rehalogenating agent and a strong acid. Bleaching is carried out after color development without any intervening processing steps, such as an acidic prebath. The processing method provides rapid bleaching without physical defects such as blistering or vesiculation, and minimizes the formation of Dmin.

Abstract: An aminopolycarboxylic acid compound represented by the following formula or analogous thereof: ##STR1## The aminopolycarboxylic acid compound of the present invention can be used as a chelating agent for various metals, which is excellent in the biodegradability and masking effect on metals.

Abstract: High silver chloride photographic materials can be processed with a process comprising two fixing steps, one before and another after a hydrogen peroxide bleaching step. The first fixing step utilizes a sulfite fixing agent.

Abstract: In the production of a colour photographic image in a continuous process comprising at least the stages a) treatment with a bath containing H.sub.2 O.sub.2 or a bath containing a compound which liberates H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and b) fixing, wherein stage b) immediately follows stage a), precipitation of silver oxide and silver is avoided if the fixing bath contains an anti-oxidant and a buffer substance in addition to the fixing agent, a molar ratio of anti-oxidant to fixing agent of >0.2 is maintained and the quantity of buffer substance is >0.4 mol/l.

Abstract: The processing of exposed colour photographic materials by at least the steps of colour developing and bleach-fixing, with electrolytic desilvering of the spent bleach fixative solution, results in better utilisation of the processing chemicals and in a reduced amount of liquid to be disposed of, when bleach-fixing is effected in 2 steps, wherein a pH of .gtoreq.7.4 is set in the 1st step and a pH of .ltoreq.7 is set in the 2nd step, the bleach fixative from the 1st step is electrolytically desilvered and acid for maintaining the pH is fed to the 2nd step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fixing bath containing a biologically degradable complexing agent of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1-4 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, carboxy-C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, dicarboxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, carboxy-hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl-(oxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl).sub.n, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl-(oxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl).sub.n,M represents hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium or ammonium, andn represents 1, 2, 3 or 4,the iron(III) complex salt of which does not impede electrolytic desilverisation during the regeneration of spent fixing bath.

Abstract: A ferric-EDTA bleach regenerator composition can be made with bleach overflow to provide a bleach replenisher for reversal color silver halide photographic processes. The bleach regenerator composition has a critically controlled pH between about 6.0 and about 6.5, and comprises a total bromide ion concentration of at least about 210 g/l, and ferric ion in an amount of at least about 50 g/l. At least 50% of the bleach overflow and the bleach regenerator composition are mixed in at least a 1:1 volume ratio. After pH adjustment to from about 5.4 to about 5.6, the pH adjusted replenisher is supplied to the bleach tank for use in the process.

Abstract: A multilayer silver halide color photographic element comprises a support having coated thereon a silver antihalation layer, an interlayer, at least two red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, at least two green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers a yellow filter layer, and at least two blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, wherein the interlayer provided between the silver antihalation layer and the red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer closest to the support contains a bleach accelerator releasing compound, and the silver antihalation layer contains a water-soluble organic thiol.The invention provides reduction in residual silver levels and backside turbidity after processing, without deleteriously affecting sensitometric properties of the photographic element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a processing method which allows a silver halide color photographic material to be sufficiently desilvered and minimizes the rise in the formation of bleaching fog or stain even when it is processed in a short period of time. A novel process for the processing of a silver halide color photographic material comprising at least silver halide emulsion layer on a support which comprises subjecting the silver halide color photographic material to color development, and then processing the silver halide color photographic material with a processing solution having a bleaching capacity is provided, characterized in that said emulsion layer comprises tabular silver halide grains having ?100! major faces and a silver chloride content of 50 to 100 mol % and said processing solution having a bleaching capacity contains at least one ferric complex salt of a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a photographic composition having fixing capacity and a method for processing a silver halide photographic material using the same. The photographic composition having fixing capacity comprises at least one compound represented by the following formula (I):RSO.sub.2 M formula (I)wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and M represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic group.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is by an automatic processor having a processing chamber with a small volume.

Abstract: A method for processing silver halide photosensitive photographic material comprises the steps of developing an image-exposed silver halide photosensitive material and desilvering it with a processing solution having fixing function which contains a thiosulfate radical and a specified meso-ionic compound or a specified thiourea, an amount of ammonium ion in the solution being 0 to 50% based on the total counter cations in the solution. This method can provide processed silver halide photosensitive photographic material having excellent photographic properties while keeping a low stain concentration with even a small amount of a replenisher.

Abstract: A composition for bleaching or bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic material has a pH of from 2 to 9. The composition comprises a bleaching agent which is either a persulfate or polyvalent metal complex of an aminopolycarboxylic acid, and from 0.01 to 2M of a sulfo-substituted carboxylate represented by Formula I(MO.sub.3 S).sub.n --R--(COOM).sub.m (I)wherein R is a benzene ring or a straight, branched or cyclic saturated aliphatic group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms;M is hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation; andn is 1 to 7;with the proviso that if R is an aliphatic group, m is 2 to 4 and m and n combined cannot equal more than the number of carbon atoms in R plus two, and if R is a benzene ring, m is 2 to 5 and m and n combined cannot equal more than six.

Abstract: A redox amplification process with minimal steps includes processing a silver halide with an amplifier/bleach/fix solution that includes a redox oxidant capable of bleaching a silver image and a fixing agent that does not react with the redox oxidant.

Abstract: Certain organic carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds are useful catalysts for hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents in photographic processing methods. These compounds are oxidizable by hydrogen peroxide and reducible by silver metal at a pH of from 1 to 7, and have a chemically reversible redox couple of from about -0.20 to about +1.0 volts at the same pH. The hydrogen peroxide bleaching ability is enhanced by the presence of these compounds which can be used in the bleaching solution itself, or in a prebath solution. The combination of the organic compound with a transition metal ion co-catalyst provides a synergistic effect in bleaching acceleration.

Abstract: A simple and effective bleaching method includes the use of a bleaching solution including a peroxide bleaching agent and chloride ion in an amount of at least 0.35 mol/l. An organic phosphonic acid or tertiary aminocarboxylic acid can also be present for stability. The method is useful for bleaching color photographic films containing at least 20 mol % silver bromide and from 0 to about 0.5 mol % silver iodide in at least one silver halide emulsion.

Abstract: A simple and effective peroxide bleaching method includes the use of a bleaching solution including a peroxide bleaching agent and chloride ion in an amount of at least 0.35 mol/l. An organic phosphonic acid or tertiary aminocarboxylic acid can also be present for stability. The method is useful for bleaching high silver bromide color negative photographic films containing at least 80 mol % silver bromide and from 0.5 to 5 mol % silver iodide in at least one silver halide emulsion.

Abstract: A ready-to-use bleaching or bleach-fixing solution can be prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of succinic acid, maleic acid or malic acid, and an aminopolycarboxylic acid ligand, adding a ferric salt to form a ferric ligand chelate, and adding a chemical base, such as ammonia, to provide a final pH of from 2.5 to 5.5. optionally, a portion of the chemical base can be added before the addition of the ferric salt.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic silver halide color material comprises, in order, a dye image-forming development step, a step which has the purpose of stopping further dye formation and a bleaching or bleach-fixing. The bleaching or bleach-fixing solution is made by adding additional components to all or some of the overflow of the stop bath. This decreases stain levels without increasing chemical load.

Abstract: A method of forming an image is disclosed which comprises the steps of a) imagewise exposing a silver halide color photographic light sensitive material comprising a support and provided thereon, a photographic component layer comprising a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the photographic component layer containing a compound represented by the following formula (I) or (II), b) color developed the exposed material, and c) bleach-fixing the developed material with bleach-fixer containing a silver ion in an amount of 0.04 to 0.

Abstract: A processing solution for processing an exposed silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprises a compound represented by the following formula (A): ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 each represent --COOM.sub.1, --OH, --PO.sub.3 M.sub.1 M.sub.2 or --CONH.sub.2 in which M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen ion, an alkali metal ion or another cation; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a hydroxyl group; n.sub.1, n.sub.2, n.sub.3 and n.sub.4 each represent an integer of 0, 1 or 2, provided that none of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen atoms when n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =1 and n.sub.3 +n.sub.4 =1; and X represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or --(B.sub.1 O)m-B.sub.2 -- in which B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and m is an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: There is described a photographic system wherein development of an exposed photosensitive element is carried out in the presence of a quaternary pyridinium compound which has a fused 5 - to 12 - member saturated carbocyclic ring attached to the 2 and 3 positions of the pyridine ring.

Abstract: A method used for processing a silver halide photographic light sensitive material including steps of developing and treating with a solution having bleaching capability. The solution having bleaching capability comprises a ferric complex salt of a compound represented by the following formula A: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 are independently a --CH.sub.2 OH group, a --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2 group or a --COOM group, which may be the same or different; M is a cation: and X is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a --(B.sub.1 O).sub.n --B.sub.2 -- group, in which is an integer of 1 to 8, B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are independently an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. The solution can be used as a bleaching solution or bleach-fixing solution for color photographic material. The solution may further be used as a reducing solution for reducing an image formed on a photographic light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A bleaching composition is a mixture of two ferric complexes with two different aminopolycarboxylic acid complexing ligands. The first complex is formed of a biodegradable aminopolycarboxylic acid, and acts as the primary bleaching agent. The second complex is formed of a less biodegradable aminopolycarboxylic acid, and acts to inhibit biological growth and rust formation. The molar ratio of the first complex to the second complex is at least 2:1. The first complexing ligand is iminodiacetic acid or an alkyliminodiacetic acid. The second complexing ligand is either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or propylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Abstract: Aminosuccinic acid chelants are disclosed which have been found to be applicable in photographic processes. The aminosuccinic acids can be used in a method of bleaching or bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic material comprising contacting the photographic material with a bleaching solution containing at least one metal complex of a polyamino disuccinic acid and one or more metal complexes of a polyamino monosuccinic acid or a monoamino monosuccinic acid.

Abstract: Low silver color photographic papers are processed with separate bleaching and fixing steps wherein the bleaching solution is a peroxide solution. Prior to and after the bleaching step, and before fixing, the color papers are treated with acidic solutions to reduce blue record Dmin.

Abstract: A photographic bleach solution contains hydrogen peroxide, or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide, and two or more sequestering agents capable of complexing with a transition metal. The bleach solution ha a pH in the alkaline range. A method of using such a photographic bleach solution is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process and processing composition for processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed. The processing composition is an aqueous solution of a ferric (III) complex salt of an ?S,S! optical isomer of a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a hydroxyl group; W represents a divalent linking group containing carbon atoms; and M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3 and M.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom or a cation. The processing composition is useful for bleaching a silver halide color photographic material. A process for processing a silver halide color photographic material is further disclosed, employing the above described process composition containing a ferric (III) complex salt of the compound of formula (I) as a bleaching agent.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support is color developed after imagewise exposure, followed by desilverization, wherein the photographic material has a total dry film thickness of 8 to 22 .mu.m, the concentration of ammonium ions contained in a processing solution having fixing ability used in desilverization is 0 to 50 mol % based on the total cations, and the processing solution having fixing ability contains at least one kind of thioether compound, thereby improving desilverization performance in continuous processing and preventing yellow stains from increasing.

Abstract: A composition for bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic element comprising a fixing agent and a ternary ferric-complex salt formed by a tetradentate ligand and a tridentate ligand and a method of bleach-fixing using said composition.

Abstract: Certain organic carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds are useful catalysts for hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents in photographic processing methods. These compounds are oxidizable by hydrogen peroxide and reducible by silver metal at a pH of from 1 to 7, and have a chemically reversible redox couple of from about -0.20 to about +1.0 volts at the same pH. The hydrogen peroxide bleaching ability is enhanced by the presence of these compounds which can be used in the bleaching solution itself, or in a prebath solution. The combination of the organic compound with a transition metal ion co-catalyst provides a synergistic effect in bleaching acceleration.

Abstract: Aminosuccinic acid chelants are disclosed which have been found to be applicable in photographic processes. The aminosuccinic acids can be used in a method of bleaching or bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic material comprising contacting the photographic material with a bleaching solution containing at least one metal complex of a polyamino disuccinic acid and one or more metal complexes of a polyamino monosuccinic acid or a monoamino monosuccinic acid.

Abstract: Imagewise exposed and developed black and white or color silver halide photographic elements are effectively bleached using a non-rehalogenating peroxide bleaching composition. This bleaching composition comprises hydrogen peroxide, or a precursor that can release hydrogen peroxide, and has a pH from 2 to 6, and at least one compound of Formula I:R--(O).sub.n --SO.sub.3 M (I)wherein R is a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or an ammonium ion. Moreover, the bleaching composition is substantially free of rehalogenating agents, as well as complexes of a high valent metal ion and a polycarboxylic acid, an aminocarboxylic acid or a phosphonic acid.

Abstract: A non-rehalogenating bleaching composition for processing imagewise exposed and developed silver halide photographic elements comprising hydrogen peroxide, or a compound which releases hydrogen peroxide, and at least one compound of Formula I[MO.sub.2 C--(L.sup.1).sub.p ].sub.q --R--[(L.sup.2).sub.n --CO.sub.2 M].sub.m (I)wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group containing at least one oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom;L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted linking group wherein the linking group is attached to the carboxyl group by a carbon;n and p are independently 1 or 0;m and q are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and the sum of m+q is at least 1; andM is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal or an ammonium ion.

Abstract: A solution for bleaching or bleach-fixing an exposed and developed silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material contains a ferric complex salt of a compound represented by the following Formula (A-I), (A-II) or (A-III), and a compound represented by the following Formula (B): ##STR1##

Abstract: This invention provides a process for removal of silver halide from a silver halide photographic recording material by a processing solution with fixing ability (a fixer) containing thiosulfate as a fixing agent conducted in the presence of a thioether compound incorporated within a fixer formulation. It further provides a fixer formulation for use in said process. The fixer contains a maximum ammonium ion concentration of 0.9M.

Abstract: Photographic elements, especially color papers, can be processed with developer, redox amplification or bleaching solutions that contain hydrogen peroxide or other oxidants. These solutions include a dissolved compound that has a hydrophobic hydrocarbon group and an additional group that enables the compound to adsorb to silver or stainless steel. The dissolved compound inhibits the catalytic effect of the metal on decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide so the processing solutions are more stable.

Abstract: To achieve superior desilvering property and reduced stains even with the use of a biodegradable bleaching agent in a dilute concentration, the processing is conducted with a processing solution comprising a ferric complex salt of the compound of formula (I) or (II) and, for example, a 2-carboxypyridyl and having bleaching ability. (In the formulae, R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 represent, for example, a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl group, L.sub.1 to L.sub.5 represent, for example, an alkylene group, G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 represent, for example, a carboxyl group or an aryl group and X represents, for example, a hydrogen atom).

Abstract: An improved image forming method is disclosed which comprises contacting both an originating photographic element and a display photographic element with substantially similar processing solutions. The originating photographic element is characterized in that it contains at least 50 mole percent silver chloride grains and no more than 2 mole percent silver iodide, based on total silver forming the grain projected area. The grains are tabular grains bounded by {100} faces having adjacent edge ratios of less than 100 and each having an aspect ratio of at least 2.