Abstract: Novel, developer-soluble, hard mask compositions and methods of using those compositions to form microelectronic structures are provided. The composition comprises the compound a compound for controlling development rate, and a crosslinking agent in a solvent system. The methods involve applying the composition to a substrate and curing the composition. An imaging layer is applied to the composition, followed by light exposure and developing, during which the light-exposed portions of the imaging layer are removed, along with portions of the hard mask composition adjacent said light-exposed portions. The size of the hard mask composition structures are controlled by the development rate, and they yield feature sizes that are a fraction of the imaging layer feature sizes, to give a pattern that can ultimately be transferred to the substrate.

Abstract: A photographic film with a polymeric acid-reacting neutralizing layer comprising a half ester of isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer is provided herein. This polymeric acid-reacting neutralizing layer is used to attenuate a photographic film's development process, which is effective under alkali conditions, by lowering the pH of the alkaline processing composition.

Abstract: A photographic prebleaching or conditioning composition is useful for providing color positive images in color reversal photographic materials. This composition includes at least 0.0001 mol/l of a cyclic mercapto bleach accelerating agent and at least 0.0001 mol/l of a water-soluble or water-dispersible 2,6-diarylaminotriazine or diaminostilbene dye stain reducing agent.

Abstract: Color reversal photographic elements can be effectively processed to provide positive color images using bleaching compositions in which the primary bleaching agent is a ferric complex of 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid or a salt thereof. Any potential precipitation of the bleaching agent is inhibited by the presence of at least 0.005 mol/l of an organic polyphosphonic acid, an aminopolysuccinic acid, or a polycarboxylic acid containing at least one hydroxy group as a compound. This compound can be added directly to the bleaching composition or introduced from carryover from a previous photoprocessing step, such as a prebleaching step using color reversal processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photographic processing composition in the tablet form which comprises a first and a second ingredients, said composition being prepared by a first granulating a first powder comprising said first ingredient to form first granules, a second granulating a second powder comprising said second ingredient to form second granules, mixing said first and second granules, and compressing said mixture of granules. The tables have an apparent density of 1.0 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of:image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei,developing said imaging element in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) using an alkaline processing liquid andneutralizing a thus obtained developed imaging element using a neutralization solution having a pH between 4 and 10.5 and comprising a hydrophobizing agent and a buffer characterized in that said neutralization solution comprises a salt of sulfurous acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging element comprising on one side of a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei in water permeable relationship with said emulsion layer and on the other side of the support at least one backing layer comprising gelatin and a dye and/or a dye precursor characterized in that said dye or dye precursor is such that after treatment of said imaging element in an alkaline solution with a pH of 10.9 for 20 s at a temperature of 30.degree. C. the backing layer has a reflection spectrum when treated for 20 s at 20.degree. C. in a neutralizing solution with a pH of 7.5 that is visually different from the reflection spectrum when treated for 20 s at 20.degree. C. in a neutralizing solution with a pH of 8.5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of:image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei,developing said imaging element in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) using an alkaline processing liquid andneutralizing a thus obtained developed imaging element using a neutralization liquid having a pH between 5 and 7 characterized in that said neutralization liquid contains a total concentration of phosphate ions between 0.2 mol/l and 0.4 mol/l.

Abstract: A two-phase acidic aqueous composition for use as a neutralization layer is generally comprised of a water soluble aqueous phase and a water insoluble particle phase. The particle phase generally comprises a copolymer having recurring units of an organic acid monomer and an organic ester monomer. The aqueous phase comprises a water soluble polymer having recurring units of at least an organic acid monomer. The organic acid monomers selected for the aqueous phase polymer are capable of interacting with the particle phase polymers such that the particle phase polymers are brought into stabilizing, intimate association with the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A processing solution for a silver halide color photographic material, said solution containing at least one kind of compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III); ##STR1## the substituents are defined in the instant specification.

Abstract: A two-phase acidic aqueous composition for use as a neutralization layer is generally comprised of a water soluble aqueous phase and a water insoluble particle phase. The particle phase generally comprises a copolymer having recurring units of an organic acid monomer and an organic ester monomer. The aqueous phase comprises a water soluble polymer having recurring units of at least an organic acid monomer. The organic acid monomers selected for the aqueous phase polymer are capable of interacting with the particle phase polymers such that the particle phase polymers are brought into stabilizing, intimate association with the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A color photographic element for use in color diffusion transfer photography comprised of a lightsensitive dye release and receiving sheet and a cover sheet, wherein development, dye release and dye transfer occur in the presence of an alkaline processing solution, and wherein the cover sheet is provided with a neutralizing system which causes neutralization by an alkaline processing solution to proceed by at least a first and a second stage, wherein the first stage is characterized in that neutralization (lowering) of the pH of an alkaline processing solution occurs to the extent to interrupt development and dye release reactions but at which the transfer of a dye for forming a transfer image can continue, and a second stage at which the pH of the processing solution is gradually lowered to a final value which is stably maintained over prolonged storage, the photographic element characterized in that the neutralizing system comprises at least a neutralizing layer, a 2nd neutralization timing layer, an auxili

Abstract: A polymer composition of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, G, J, L, x, y, and z are as defined herein is useful as a temporary barrier between reactants in photographic materials. The barrier is particularly useful as a process timing layer in color image transfer film units.

Abstract: A method and kit for the optical detection of proteins and nucleic acids in a matrix, such as polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. The method comprises fixing the proteins and nucleic acids in the matrix using aromatic sulfonic acids having tertiary amines capable of forming coordination complexes with silver ion.

Abstract: A method for producing a phase hologram having a high diffraction efficiency which includes treating a developed photographic material with a stop bath containing sodium sulfate, bleaching with a tanning bleach having a low pH value and fixing the bleached material in a bath containing sodium thiosulfate.

Abstract: A process for forming a color image is disclosed. The process involves providing a color light-sensitive photographic material and imagewise exposing the material. The latent images within the exposed material are then developed and subjected to intensification processing. Thereafter, the material is subjected to treatment with a dilute buffer solution having a pH adjusted within the range of 2 to 7. The process allows for the elimination of the washing step conventionally used in processing photographic materials. Furthermore, the process provides color images having a reduced amount of staining and a large intensification factor while utilizing color photographic materials containing an extremely small amount of silver.

Abstract: Photographic assemblages and cover sheets are described employing a timing layer comprising a physical mixture of the following two polymers:(i) a first polymer comprising from about 5 to about 35 percent by weight of recurring units of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, from about 0 to about 20 percent by weight of recurring units of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and from about 55 to about 85 percent by weight of recurring units of vinylidene chloride; and(ii) a second polymer comprising from about 20 to about 70 percent by weight of recurring units of maleic anhydride and from about 80 to about 30 percent by weight of recurring units of a vinyl ester or an alkene;the second polymer being present at a concentration of from about 2 to about 20 percent by weight of the mixture.

Abstract: Photographic assemblages, elements, receiving elements and cover sheets are described employing a single neutralizing-timing layer consisting essentially of a carboxy-ester-lactone polymer having the following recurring units: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl having from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or aralkyl having from 7 to about 12 carbon atoms;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently hydrogen or methyl;x is about 1 to about 15 mole %; andy is about 85 to about 99 mole %.

Abstract: Image transfer photographic assemblages, processes, compositions and cover sheets are described which employ a manganous compound. After processing, the manganous compound is capable of diffusing to the silver halide emulsion layer and a redox dye-releaser associated therewith to inhibit further dye release. Post-process D.sub.min stability is thereby improved.

Abstract: .alpha.-Ketoimidomethyl blocked photographic reagents are useful in photographic elements, film units and processes. The blocked photographic reagents have the structure: ##STR1## wherein J represents ##STR2## X represents the atoms to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring or ring system; R represents alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 30 carbon atoms; andPR represents the residue of an organic photographic reagent containing a heteroatom through which it is joined to the blocking group.

Abstract: Photographic assemblages, elements, receiving elements and cover sheets are described employing a novel neutralizing layer comprising a cross-linked polymer having recurring units of an N-(alkoxy-methyl)acrylamide, an acrylic acid and an alkyl acrylic ester. The need for a separate cross-linking agent is eliminated.

Abstract: Photographic assemblages, elements, receiving elements and cover sheets comprise a combination of two timing layers and a neutralizing layer for use with negative-working silver halide emulsions and positive-working redox dye-releasers. The outermost timing layer has a negative temperature coefficient and has a development accelerator associated therewith to increase the development of the silver halide emulsion at low temperatures. The timing layer next to the neutralizing layer has a greater penetration time by the alkaline processing composition so that the neutralizing layer is permeated only after silver halide development has been substantially completed. The temperature latitude of the system is thereby increased.

Abstract: Photographic assemblages, elements, receiving elements and cover sheets comprise a combination of two timing layers and two neutralizing layers for use with negative-working silver halide emulsions and positive-working redox dye-releasers. The outermost timing layer has a negative temperature coefficient while the innermost timing layer has either a positive or negative temperature coefficient and has a penetration time by alkaline processing composition that is greater than the penetration time of the outermost timing layer. An auxiliary neutralizing layer is located between the two timing layers. Dye release is restricted more at low temperatures than at high temperatures so that the temperature latitude of the system is thereby increased.

Abstract: Photographic assemblages, elements, receiving elements and cover sheets are described employing a neutralizing layer comprising about 75 to about 150 meq. of acid/m.sup.2 of element for neutralizing an alkaline processing composition. The neutralizing layer, timing layer or layer adjacent thereto also contains about 1 to about 10 meq./m.sup.2 of oxalic acid, or an acid salt thereof, to minimize sensitometric changes that occur with keeping.

Abstract: A reversal development processing method for black and white silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials which comprises bleaching an imagewise exposed black and white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material with a bleaching solution containing at least one oxidizing agent capable of forming a water-soluble silver salt when reacted with the silver images of said exposed light-sensitive material in the presence of at least one bleach accelerating agent selected from the compounds represented by the general formulae (I) to (VIII) described in the specification.

Abstract: Propyne compounds, which are capable of stabilizing photographic materials against fog, color fog and flattening of the gradation are disclosed. They may be added to emulsion layers and to processing baths.