Abstract: The invention provides a manufacturing method of a substrate having a film pattern including an insulating film, a semiconductor film, a conductive film and the like by simple steps, and also a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device which is low in cost with high throughput and yield. According to the invention, after forming a first protective film which has low wettability on a substrate, a material which has high wettability is applied or discharged on an outer edge of a first mask pattern, thereby a film pattern and a substrate having the film pattern are formed.

Abstract: A method of processing photosensitive materials in which one or more chemical compounds are at least partially retained after processing. The chemical compounds are unique to a particular process used by a copyright owner. The absence of the unique compounds in a processed material thus indicates that the processing has been without the authorization of the copyright owner.

Abstract: An electron accepting developer useful for producing visible images by reaction with an electron donor in carbonless paper and photo-imaging systems, the developer comprising an acid-treated, water insoluble alkali metal-modified, inorganic oxide or an acid-treated molecular sieve.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an organic/inorganic developer composition comprising a regeneratable iron chelate, novel codevelopers of the phenidone type including one or more solubilizing groups that are not directly attached to the phenyl nucleus or to the pyrazolidino nucleus and optionally ascorbic acid. These compositions are particularly useful for the black-and-white development of films or photographic papers, in particular for the fast development of radiographic products.

Abstract: A novel inorganic composition for developing silver halide photographic products has improved stability in air. The composition comprises at least one oxidizable metallic ion, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and at least one additional complexing agent of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or a hydroxyalkyl group, R.sup.3 is --COOM wherein M is hydrogen or a counter-ion such as lithium, sodium or potassium, or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n, p and q are independently 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: A novel inorganic composition for developing silver halide photographic products has improved stability in air. The composition comprises at least one oxidizable metallic ion, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and at least one additional complexing agent of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or a hydroxyalkyl group, R.sup.3 is --COOM wherein M is hydrogen or a counter-ion such as lithium, sodium or potassium, or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n, p and q are independently 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of processing a developed high iodide color silver halide photographic element by bleaching the element with a peracid bleach and fixing the element with a fixer containing sodium cation and thiosulfate, wherein the amount of ammonium ion in the fixer is less than 1.4M.

Abstract: A method of producing an image comprising processing an imagewise exposed silver halide photosensitive material comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer containing a silver halide sensitized with a selenium sensitizer in a black-and-white developer which contains a chelate complex salt of a transition metal. In a preferred embodiment, an electric current is passed through the developer to remove halide ions therefrom and to regenerate (reduce) the metal complex. A protective layer may be provided on the silver halide emulsion layer having a thickness of 0.6 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: For the processing in a total processing time of 60 seconds or less of exposed X-ray materials containing silver bromide or silver bromoiodide emulsions use is made of an aqueous alkaline photographic developing solution, having a pH in the range of 9 to 12, comprising a dihydroxybenzene developing agent, 4-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone as an auxiliary developing agent, at least one organic antifoggant and a compound providing iodide ions.

Abstract: A developer sheet useful in forming images having a high density comprising a support having front and back surfaces; anda developer layer coated from a solution on said front surface, said developer layer comprising a particulate reactive material being capable of reacting with a substantially colorless chromogenic material upon contact and generating an image, a binder material, and a viscosity increasing additive is provided. The developer sheet is particularly useful in photosensitive microencapsulated imaging systems for forming overhead transparencies.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photographic developer composition comprising a plurality of developer components, including an alkali agent, that are packed in two or more separate receptacles. At least one of the developer components, except the alkali agent, is encapsulated in an alkali soluble polymer, and is held in at least one receptacle that does not substantially contain the alkali agent.

Abstract: An alkaline aqueous tanning developing solution for photographic image development comprising at least one hydroxylamine derivative. Preferred formulations may also contain at least one water-miscible polyhydroxy aliphatic organic solvent and/or a developing agent which comprises a polyhydroxybenzene compound having at least two hydroxy groups and at least one electron withdrawing and good leaving group suitable for nucleophilic addition.