Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling RF plasma attributes is disclosed. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide RF sensors within processing chambers operable at high temperatures. Some embodiments provide methods of measuring RF plasma attributes using RF sensors within a processing chamber to provide feedback control for an RF generator.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to create an actuator in which the amount of deformation is maintained and no displacement in the reverse direction occurs, even when a constant voltage is continuously applied for a long period of time. As a means for achieving the above object, the invention provides a conductive thin film comprising a polymer gel containing at least one organic molecule selected from the group consisting of electron-donating organic molecules and electron-withdrawing organic molecules, a nano-carbon material, an ionic liquid, and a polymer.

Abstract: There is provided an ion generator including a vapor generating chamber for generating a vapor by heating a raw material in which a first solid material which is a single substance of an impurity element and a second solid material which is a compound containing the impurity element are mixed with each other, and a plasma generating chamber for generating a plasma containing ions of the impurity element by using the vapor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detector for medical diagnosis. The detector for diagnosis includes a photosensitive element, an X-beam stopping element, a supporting board, and a conductive liner. The photosensitive element is used for sensing an X-beam. The X-beam stopping element is used for stopping the X-beam from penetrating said photosensitive element. The supporting board is provided below the X-beam stopping element to be used for supporting said photosensitive element. The conductive liner is provided between said photosensitive element and said supporting board to fit with said photosensitive element.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive holder; and at least a charge producing layer and a charge transport layer disposed on the conductive holder in order. The charge transport layer contains at least a binder resin, a charge transport agent and a p-type metal oxide particle.

Abstract: A charge transporting layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polysiloxane resin having a terminal structure represented by the formula (1), at least one selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin A having a structural unit represented by the formula (A) and a polyarylate resin B having a structural unit represented by the formula (B), and a charge transporting substance, wherein the content of the siloxane structure in the polysiloxane resin is not less than 0.5% by mass and not more than 10% by mass based on the total mass of whole resin in the charge transporting layer.

Abstract: A total nitrogen measurement apparatus comprising an ultraviolet lamp comprising: a light emission section and a holding section for holding the light emission section, the holding section being formed of a material not including iron; a reaction vessel having a space where the light emission section is to be inserted and a sample water is to be contained around the light emission section for converting nitrogen compounds in the sample water contained in the reaction vessel into nitrate ions by oxidative decomposition using ultraviolet rays from the light emission section; and a measurement section configured to perform absorbance measurement on the sample water including the nitrate ions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method includes forming a film containing carbon on a substrate by repeating a cycle plural times. The cycle includes: in a state in which a substrate housed in a processing chamber is heated, supplying an organic-based gas into the processing chamber and confining the organic-based gas inside the processing chamber; maintaining a state in which the organic-based gas is confined inside the processing chamber; and exhausting an inside of the processing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is notably directed to a resistive memory element comprising a resistively switchable material coupled to two conductive electrodes, wherein the resistively switchable material is an amorphous compound comprising carbon and oxygen. Moreover, the carbon and oxygen stoichiometric ratio can be within a range of 1:0.30 to 1:0.80.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the electroconductive substrate, contains a binder resin, metal oxide particles and an electron accepting compound having an acidic group and has an AC impedance of from 1×105? to 1×108? under the measurement condition in which a temperature is 22° C., a humidity is 50% RH, an AC voltage is ±1 V, and a frequency is 1 Hz and an AC impedance of from 1×103? to 1×108? under the measurement condition in which a temperature is 22° C., a humidity is 50% RH, an AC voltage is ±1 V, and a frequency is 100 Hz, and a photosensitive layer that is provided on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has a change layer consisting of five or more a-SiC intermediate layers, provided between an a-Si photoconductive layer and an a-SiC surface layer. Where two layers contiguous to each other in which C/(Si+C) is from 0.35 to 0.65 are selected from among the a-SiC intermediate layers included in the change layer, the rate of increase between the C/(Si+C) of an a-SiC intermediate layer on the photoconductive layer side and the C/(Si+C) of an a-SiC intermediate layer on the surface layer side (i.e., the rate of increase between layers) is 19% or less.

Abstract: Presently disclosed embodiments relate to an improved electrophotographic imaging member or photoreceptor comprising a surface layer on the photoreceptor, where the surface layer comprises secondary electron emitting materials that act as a robust electrically active layer. Photoreceptors incorporating such materials into or on the surface will exhibit an increase photoreceptor life and also a reduction the operating voltage of bias charge roll (BCR) charging systems while maintaining excellent charge uniformity.

Abstract: An oxide material including gallium, zinc and oxygen, a ratio of the number of atoms of zinc to the number of atoms of gallium (number of atoms of zinc/number of atoms of gallium) being from about 0.01 to about 0.6 and a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the sum of the number of atoms of gallium and the number of atoms of zinc (number of atoms of oxygen/(number of atoms of gallium+number of atoms of zinc)) being from about 1.0 to about 1.6, is disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a layer which includes the oxide material is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate; and a photosensitive layer including gallium, oxygen and zinc is also disclosed.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device capable of improving output characteristics is provided. This photovoltaic device comprises a crystalline semiconductor member, a substantially intrinsic first amorphous semiconductor layer formed on the front surface of the crystalline semiconductor member and a first conductivity type second amorphous semiconductor layer formed on the front surface of the first amorphous semiconductor layer, and has a hydrogen concentration peak in the first amorphous semiconductor layer. Thus, the quantity of hydrogen atoms in the first amorphous semiconductor layer is so increased that the hydrogen atoms increased in quantity can be bonded to dangling bonds of silicon atoms forming defects in the first amorphous semiconductor layer for inactivating the dangling bonds.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, wherein the surface layer contains a group 13 element and oxygen, and absorption peak intensities showing bonds other than a bond between the group 13 element and oxygen are 0.1 times or less of an absorption peak intensity showing a bond between the group 13 element and oxygen in an infrared absorption spectrum in a range of 4000 cm?1 to 400 cm?1, is provided.

Abstract: There is provided: an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, the photosensitive layer including an organic substance, the surface layer including a group 13 element and nitrogen, a thickness of the surface layer being from about 0.01 ?m to less than about 1 ?m, and a center line average roughness (Ra) of a surface of the surface layer being about 0.01 ?m or less; a manufacturing method thereof; a process cartridge; and an image forming device.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, at least one charge transport layer comprised of at least one charge transport component, and an overcoating layer in contact with and contiguous to the top charge transport layer, and which overcoating is comprised of a polymer, an optional overcoating charge transport component, and needle shaped particles with an aspect ratio of from 2 to about 200.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to incorporation of boron nitride in the charge transport layer of a photoconductor. The boron nitride may have an aspect ratio of greater than 1.0, a D50 mean particle size of less than about 10.0 ?m and be present at about 5.0% (wt) or less in the charge transport layer. The cartridge may also include toner particles wherein the toner particles have a size range of about 1-25 ?m and an average degree of circularity of about 0.90-1.0. The photoconductor containing boron nitride when used in an electrophotographic printer may then provide acceptable dark decay and/or photoinduced decay (PID) curves relative to photoconductors that do not contain boron nitride along with improved resistance to toner filming.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, at least one charge transport layer comprised of at least one charge transport component and needle shaped particles with an aspect ratio of, for example, from 2 to about 200.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, at least one charge transport layer comprised of at least one charge transport component, and an overcoating layer in contact with and contiguous to the top charge transport layer, and which overcoating is comprised of a polymer, an optional overcoating charge transport component, and needle shaped particles with an aspect ratio of from 2 to about 200.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided on or above the conductive support, the photosensitive layer having an outermost layer comprising a cured product of a composition comprising a curable resin, a surfactant containing a fluorine atom, and a charge transporting organic compound having a specific structure.

Abstract: In the aim of providing a photoreceptor which is highly sensitive, highly abrasion-resistant, and reduced in cost, a production method for the photoreceptor, and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor has a structure wherein an organic film (or an amorphous silicon film) used as a charge generation layer 2 and formed on an electroconductive support 1 and an inorganic metal oxide having optical transparency and used as a charge transport layer 3 are stacked. Further, a buffer layer 4 is formed between the charge generation layer 2 and the charge transport layer 3 when so required. Also, the metal oxide used as the charge transport layer 3 and having optical transparency is formed by employing an aerosol deposition method.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image is formed on an image carrier. In the image carrier, a photosensitive layer is provided so as to cover a conductive substrate. Conductive particles are dispersed in the photosensitive layer, such that some of the particles are exposed at a surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A process of treating metal oxide nanoparticles that includes mixing metal oxide nanoparticles, a solvent, and a surface treatment agent that is preferably a silane or siloxane is described. The treated metal oxide nanoparticles are rendered hydrophobic by the surface treatment agent being surface attached thereto, and are preferably dispersed in a hydrophobic aromatic polymer binder of a charge transport layer of a photoreceptor, whereby ?—? interactions can be formed between the organic moieties on the surface of the nanoparticles and the aromatic components of the binder polymer to achieve a stable dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer that is substantially free of large sized agglomerations.

Abstract: A phenolic compound having a plurality of substituted hydroxyphenyl groups and charge-transportable structure, the substituted hydroxyphenyl groups of which have a hydroxymethyl group; and a resol resin obtained by allowing a phenolic compound having hydroxyphenyl groups and charge-transportable structure, to react with formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst, and having charge-transportable structure. Also disclosed are a cured product and an electrophotographic photosensitive member which make use of the above, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A phenolic compound having a plurality of substituted hydroxyphenyl groups and charge-transportable structure, the substituted hydroxyphenyl groups of which have a hydroxymethyl group; and a resol resin obtained by allowing a phenolic compound having hydroxyphenyl groups and charge-transportable structure, to react with formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst, and having charge-transportable structure. Also disclosed are a cured product and an electrophotographic photosensitive member which make use of the above, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: In order to maintain excellent electrical, optical and photoconductive characteristics and to significantly improve the durability under adverse environments, a light receiving member for electrophotography according to the present invention comprises in sequence: a supporting member and a light receiving layer; said light receiving layer comprising in sequence at least a photoconductive layer and a surface layer thereon, said photoconductive layer comprising a non-single-crystal material containing silicon atoms as a matrix, and said surface layer comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms as a matrix, wherein the carbon atoms are at least diamond-bonded and graphite-bonded, and wherein from 2% to 30% by number of the carbon atoms are graphite-bonded.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A photoconductor comprises a substrate and at least one layer. The at least one layer is selected from the group consisting of charge transfer layers comprising a charge transfer molecule, polycarbonate and a first polyaryl ether selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketones, poly(aryl-perfluoroaryl ether)s, polyaryletherketone-hydrazones, polyaryletherketone-azines and mixtures and copolymers thereof; charge generating layers comprising a pigment, a polyvinylbutyral and a second polyaryl ether selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketones, polyarylethersulfones and mixtures and copolymers thereof; and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A selenium photoconductor has a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer formed on a conductive substrate. Both the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are made from a selenium-arsenic alloy, with the charge generation layer having a concentration of arsenic greater than the concentration of arsenic in the charge transport layer. This concentration distribution results in a photoconductor having excellent charge-generation efficiency and mobility. In an alternate embodiment, a halogen is doped into the charge generation layer and charge transport layer. The resulting photoconductor is useful in large-scale, high speed printing operations.

Abstract: Electrophotographic charge generating elements comprise a solid electrolyte layer having improved image discrimination. The solid electrolyte layer includes a complex of a silsesquioxane and a charge carrier, and further includes nondiffusible acid scavengers in an amount of at least 0.2 weight %. The acid scavengers are nondiffusible tertiary arylamines having a pKa of at least 4.