Abstract: Combustion control systems for maintaining a selected fuel-air ratio for a combustion apparatus supplied with air at a substantially constant volumetric rate are improved by means for adjusting the flow rate of fuel in relation to temperature fluctuations of the air. A temperature sensor positioned in the air stream before it mixes with the fuel is connected to a converter which transmits converted temperature signals from the sensor as adjustments of a remote control-flow regulator in the fuel line or in the air stream. Thus, if the flow regulator is in the fuel line, a drop in air temperature will cause an increase of the fuel flow rate. Conversely, a rise in air temperature will result in a reduced fuel flow rate. If the flow regulator is in the air stream, a drop in air temperature will cause a decrease in the air flow rate, while a rise in air temperature will result in increased air flow rate.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for NOx reduction and CO reduction capable of achieving stable NOx reduction with simple means. The combustion apparatus for fulfilling NOx reduction by controlling the temperature of combustion gas derived from a burner 1 includes NOx reduction means having an excess air ratio versus NOx characteristic that generated NOx value decreases with increasing excess air ratio of the burner 1, and an excess air ratio versus CO characteristic that exhaust CO value increases with increasing excess air ratio, and excess-air-ratio control means for controlling the excess air ratio of the burner 1 to a specified excess air ratio, wherein the excess-air-ratio control means includes outside-air temperature detection means 2 and controls the excess air ratio to the specified excess air ratio based on a detection signal derived from the outside-air temperature detection means 42.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an air fuel ratio in a gas furnace which can maintain optimum performance in combustion, irrespective of variation in temperature control stages. Air quantity and fuel quantity are integrally, rather than separately, controlled through the detection and adjustment of variation in each until the air fuel ratio reaches an objective value. In this manner, transient phenomena caused during the burning operation is prevented, and optimum combustion performance is maintained regardless of the temperature variation.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus 2 has an anti-spreading member 65 disposed below a combustion chamber 10. This anti-spreading member 65 is composed of a generally cylindrical main body 65a, an outer flange 65b and an inner flange 65c, these flanges being formed at and integral with the opposite ends of the main body 65a, respectively. A controller 40 for regulating the operation of this apparatus 2 is designed to preheat the anti-spreading member 65 at a heat generation rate ‘q’ lower than the required heat generation rate ‘Q’, before the apparatus starts its normal operation to burn a fuel.

Abstract: A method for setting the performance of a gas operating cooking device by setting a complete combustion of the fuel gas/air mixture supplied to the gas burner of the cooking device.

Abstract: A system and method for disabling an oil furnace based on a vacuum level measurement. The oil furnace includes a pump and a burning device. The pump is adapted to transfer oil from a storage device to the burning device. A measurement device adapted to measure a vacuum level between an output of the storage device and an input of the pump. A means for disabling power to the oil furnace is adapted to disable power to the oil furnace based on a first specified vacuum level measurement set point.

Abstract: A combustion system for automatic, real-time control of a combustion process which can be applied with significant advantage to a wide range of furnaces, boilers and combustors. The system includes a burner body having a primary first fluid inlet end forming at least one primary first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet end forming at least one first fluid outlet. An inner conduit is disposed within the burner body, forming a fluid flow region between the burner body and the inner conduit. The inner conduit has a second fluid inlet distal from the first fluid outlet and a second fluid outlet proximate the first fluid outlet. An internal adjustment device is provided for adjusting a flow cross-sectional area for a first fluid and/or a second fluid disposed within the burner body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for gas burners, comprising at least two air nozzles 10, 11 for combustion air. The air nozzles 10, 11 are arranged in parallel. According to the invention, a flow restrictor 15 is assigned to one or more of the air nozzles 10, 11, respectively. Each of these flow restrictor 15 is capable of selectively shutting off the flow of air through the respective air nozzle 10, 11. This increases the range of modulation of the device according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control means for gas burners. Control means for gas burners are used for supplying a gas flow and a combustion air flow to a burner. In this procedure, the gas flow is adjustable in dependence on the combustion air pressure. In the case of known control means, pressure measurement is effected by means of a diaphragm, i.e. pneumatically. This pneumatic pressure measurement restricts the scope of application of known control means. In the case of the control means according to the invention, there is provided a sensor (16) which generates an electric or electronic signal 19 which is used for adjusting the gas valve 11 (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A pressure proving gas valve insures safe and efficient operation of a fuel-burning appliance by monitoring combustion air pressure and appropriately controlling the valve based upon this air pressure. An air pressure sensor is incorporated into a pressure proving valve housing itself thus providing integrated solution for the control of the combustion process. Consequently, when heat is called for, no fuel is provided to the combustion chamber unless appropriate combustion air pressure is sensed. Further, by monitoring the actual air pressure, additional control capability is provided. That is, a variable speed blower associated with the combustion apparatus can be controlled to provide very precise fuel to air mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a regulating system for a gas burner. Regulating systems for gas burners are used for guiding a gas flow and a combustion air flow to the burner. The gas flow can be regulated depending on combustion air pressure. Pressure is measured in known regulating devices with the aid of a membrane, that is pneumatically. The pneumatic pressure measurement limits the scope of application of known regulating devices. In the invention regulating device, a sensor (16) is arranged between a first line (10) guiding a gas flow and a second line (12) guiding the combustion air flow, an electric or electronic signal (19) being generated by the sensor that is used to regulate the gas valve (11).

Abstract: Process for regulating the water vapor content in a furnace operating at very high temperature between 1300 and 1800° C. and heated by combustion burners, in which there used as combustible carbon monoxide and as combustion supporter oxygen or air if desired dried and/or enriched in oxygen.

Abstract: A combustion system and a method for adapting the combustion system to utilize a first fuel when the system has been designed for a second fuel. The method and system provide inlets for adding air to lower the quality of the first fuel to the quality of the second fuel or inlets for adding a third fuel of a higher quality than the second fuel to raise the quality of the first fuel to the level of the quality of the second fuel.

Abstract: A burner system for controlling the gas/air mixture of a burner has a sensor providing a signal dependent on the pressures in gas and air lines supplying the burner. A summing device receives a signal based on the air flow rate and the signal from the sensor, and provides a regulating signal controlling the setting of a gas regulating valve regulating the flow of gas in the gas line.

Abstract: A combustion system for automatic, real-time control of a combustion process which can be applied with significant advantage to a wide range of furnaces, boilers and combustors. The system includes a burner body having a primary first fluid inlet end forming at least one primary first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet end forming at least one first fluid outlet. An inner conduit is disposed within the burner body, forming a fluid flow region between the burner body and the inner conduit. The inner conduit has a second fluid inlet distal from the first fluid outlet and a second fluid outlet proximate the first fluid outlet. An internal adjustment device is provided for adjusting a flow cross-sectional area for a first fluid and/or a second fluid disposed within the burner body.

Abstract: A device for igniting fuel, comprising at least one burner, the device comprising ignition means comprising an ignition element, the ignition means further comprising a movable element which is connected to a fluid line, such that a fluid contained in the fluid line, when it flows, creates a pressure difference across the movable element, as a result of which the movable element is set in motion, the movable element being connected with the ignition element, such that the movement of the movable element generates via the ignition element and ignition temperature by means of which the fuel is caused to combust.

Abstract: A flame-type atomic absorption spectrophotometer forms a flame by igniting a mixture of a fuel gas and a first combustion support gas such as air and then the first combustion support gas is replaced by a second combustion support gas such as nitrous oxide with a faster combustion speed. An optical sensor is disposed near the flame to detect the quantity of light therefrom. A gas flow rate control device independently controls the flow rates of the fuel gas, the first combustion support gas and the second combustion support gas to the flame. A combustion control unit serves to switch the gas to be supplied to the flame from the first combustion support gas to the second combustion support gas, based on how much the quantity of light detected by the optical sensor changes between the time of ignition and after the flow rate of the fuel gas and/or the first combustion support gas is changed.

Abstract: A burner includes a motor driven blower, an air tube having an inlet end portion and an outlet end portion, a housing forming an air flow path between the blower and the air tube, a nozzle for spraying liquid fuel or orifice for dispersing gas toward the outlet end portion of the air tube and a conduit for feeding the fuel to the nozzle or orifice. An air flow control device and method enable air flow and pressure to be regulated at locations near the nozzle and between the blower and the nozzle. A contour of a throttle member of the burner is designed so as to achieve a prescribed pressure in a region between the throttle member and head of the burner over the range of the burner.

Abstract: A method of controlling a variable speed draft inducer motor and fan in a gas furnace. The method comprises the steps of: detecting a first fault driving the motor to a maximum operating range; detecting a second fault forcing the motor to operate towards a minimum operating range; and generating a fault signal if both faults are detected substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for optimizing fuel combustion at various ambient atmospheric pressures in a gas-fired appliance having a combustion chamber. The gas-fired appliance has an air blower and is capable of delivering a variable flow of combustion air to the combustion chamber. This may be accomplished by varying the speed of the blower motor. Alternatively, the appliance combustion air intake or exhaust conduit may be throttled to vary the amount of combustion air delivered to the combustion chamber. An ambient atmospheric pressure sensor is provided to sense ambient atmospheric pressure and generates a signal representative of ambient atmospheric pressure to a microprocessor. Alternatively, a signal representative of ambient atmospheric pressure may be provided to the microprocessor by manual input.

Abstract: A method of controlling a variable speed draft inducer motor and fan in a gas furnace. The method comprises the steps of: detecting a first fault driving the motor to a maximum operating range; detecting a second fault forcing the motor to operate towards a minimum operating range; and generating a fault signal if both faults are detected substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: A burner includes a motor driven blower, an air tube having an inlet end portion and an outlet end portion, a housing forming an air flow path between the blower and the air tube, a nozzle for spraying liquid fuel or orifice for dispersing gas toward the outlet end portion of the air tube and a conduit for feeding the fuel to the nozzle or orifice. An air flow control device and method enable air flow and pressure to be regulated at locations near the nozzle and between the blower and the nozzle. A contour of a throttle member of the burner is designed so as to achieve a prescribed pressure in a region between the throttle member and head of the burner over the range of the burner.

Abstract: A device for igniting fuel, comprising at least one burner, the device comprising ignition means comprising an ignition element, the ignition means further comprising a movable element which is connected to a fluid line, such that a fluid contained in the fluid line, when it flows, creates a pressure difference across the movable element, as a result of which the movable element is set in motion, the movable element being connected with the ignition element, such that the movement of the movable element generates via the ignition element an ignition temperature by means of which the fuel is caused to combust.

Abstract: The method allows accurate setting of the volumetric gas flow through a gas feed line to a burner nozzle of a gas-operated cooking or baking appliance and required for a desired burner heat output. A corresponding cooking or baking appliance, in particular a gas stove, gas cooker, a gas hob, or gas oven, has a burner with a nozzle connected to the gas feed line. A gas valve is arranged in the gas feed line. The accuracy and reproducibility of the setting of the volumetric gas flow is improved owing to the fact that a current flow (actual measured value) of the gas through the gas feed line is detected by means of a meter and is regulated to a calculated or preset desired flow value that corresponds to the desired burner heat output by means of a controller and an actuating device for varying the gas flow.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method for protecting the electronic circuitry within a gas appliance. The electronic circuitry is arranged on a circuit board. A temperature sensor, located on the circuit board is periodically read to determine the current temperature. If the current temperature exceeds a first predetermined value, a microprocessor commands a stepper motor to reduce the input fuel pressure to the main burner. If the current temperature is within an acceptable range, the microprocessor permits the user to increase main valve outlet pressure.

Abstract: A method of controlling a variable speed draft inducer motor and fan in a gas furnace. The method comprises the steps of: detecting a first fault driving the motor to a maximum operating range; detecting a second fault forcing the motor to operate towards a minimum operating range; and generating a fault signal if both faults are detected substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: A burner includes a motor driven blower, an air tube having an inlet end portion and an outlet end portion, a housing forming an air flow path between the blower and the air tube, a nozzle for spraying liquid fuel or orifice for dispersing gas toward the outlet end portion of the air tube and a conduit for feeding the fuel to the nozzle or orifice. An air flow control device and method enable air flow and pressure to be regulated at locations near the nozzle and between the blower and the nozzle.

Abstract: Control system and method for regulating the air/fuel mix of a burner for a web dryer or a regenerative or recuperative oxidizer, for example. Differential air pressure is monitored between the air chamber of the burner and the enclosure into which the burner fires (such as a flotation dryer or the combustion chamber of a regenerative thermal oxidizer). Fuel flow is monitored by a differential pressure measurement between the fuel chamber of the burner and the enclosure into which the burner fires. These measurements are compared to predetermined values, and the fuel flow and/or air flow to the burner is regulated accordingly.

Abstract: A gas burner and method of controlling burning, the gas burner including a controller disposed in a control cabinet, a burner cabinet, an actuator and a blower, the blower being fluidly coupled to the burner cabinet. The gas burner has an air valve that is operably, fluidly coupled to both the burner cabinet and the blower for controlling the flow of air from the blower to the burner cabinet. A gas valve is fluidly coupled to a source of gas for controlling the flow of gas from the source of gas. An actuator is communicatively coupled to the controller and is linearly coupled to the air valve and the gas valve for simultaneous linear actuation thereof responsive to commands from the controller.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine carburetor includes a fuel injector and a cooperating air swirler for injecting fuel and air into a combustor. The fuel injector includes a hollow body joined to a supporting stem for receiving fuel therein for flow through an injector tip slidingly mounted to the injector body for movement relative thereto. The air swirler surrounds the injector tip and is spaced form the injector body to define an air inlet, and is spaced from the injector tip to define an air outlet. A spring operatively engages the injector body and the injector tip and is preloaded for biasing the injector tip to an initial position. The spring is sized so that increasing pressure of the fuel in the injector body further loads the spring for moving the injector tip from the initial position to a displaced position, with movement of the injector tip modulating airflow through the swirler for in-turn modulating the ratio of discharged fuel and air.

Abstract: An oxy-burner having a back-up firing system includes an oxidant conduit coupled to an oxidant injector nozzle. A primary oxygen line is coupled to the oxidant conduit and transports oxygen into the oxidant conduit. An auxiliary air ejector is coupled to the oxidant conduit and is configured to receive a motive fluid and to entrain ambient air and force the entrained air into the oxidant conduit. In operation, upon detecting a disruption in the primary oxygen supply, a motive fluid is supplied to the auxiliary air ejector. The motive fluid injected by the auxiliary air ejector entrains ambient air sufficient to either continue operation of the oxy-burner, or provide cooling air to the oxy-burner in the event that the burner is shut down. Upon restoring the primary oxygen supply, the back-up oxy-burner system can be deactivated and the oxy-burner return to standard operation.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a combustion chamber. A fan is connected to the combustion chamber. The fan has a spin velocity. A burner is adjacent the combustion chamber. The burner defines one or more flame openings. Each flame opening has a cross section. An obstacle is associated with each of the one or more flame openings. Each obstacle is within the combustion chamber. A mixture of fuel gas and air having a mixture temperature is discharged at a discharge velocity from the one or more flame openings. A flame is positioned along the burner substantially detached from the one or more openings. A flame position sensor senses the position of the flame and generates a flame position signal based on the sensed position of the flame. A control processor maintains the flame around a prefixed optimum position by controlling a characteristic variable quantity of the mixture based on the flame position signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for monitoring fuel combustion status in a burner such as a boiler and a gasifier with high accuracy, high reliability and fast response are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a series of fiber optic flame monitors that are installed next to each nozzle inside said burner to determine temperature, flame flash frequency and the burned fuel particle density. In terms of a master controller and a group of on-line controllers, the optimized combustion of the burner is approached by monitoring the combustion status of each nozzle and regulating the discharges of air or oxygen and fuel to each nozzle, in accordance with the comparison of the data detected by flame monitors and optimal data.

Abstract: A boiler having a combustor for combusting an air/gas fuel mixture, the combustor including a heat exchanger which conducts coolant therethrough surrounding the combustion chamber and a fan coupled to an air line provides a flow rate of air in the air line. A gas line is coupled at one end to a source of gas and at another end to the air line so as to produce a mixture of gas and air. Means for measuring a property of the air/gas fuel mixture characteristic of its combustibility are utilized. A valve coupled to said gas line is operative to control a flow rate of gas in response to a control signal from the means for measuring. A temperature sensor takes a temperature measurement of the coolant after passing through the heat exchanger and transmits the temperature measurement to the speed control unit. The speed control unit slows down the speed of the fan when the coolant temperature approaches a preset limit.

Abstract: A gas burner assembly (10) and method for providing combustion air flow and gas fuel flow in linear proportion to a control signal. A blower motor (18) is driven by the control signal and drives a blower (14) whose output (16) has a static pressure proportional to the square of the blower speed. A gas fuel controller 28 is responsive to the static pressure of the blower output (16) to meter fuel in proportion to the square root of that static pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas safety control system for supplying a gas that is forwarded from a gas supply source through an inspection meter to one or more gas appliances. The inspection meter comprises a cutoff valve for cutting off supply of the gas from the gas supply source, a detection unit for detecting such abnormal condition as gas leakage and abnormal flow rate of the gas, a valve control unit for actuating the cutoff valve when the detection unit detects an abnormality and a meter communication unit for outputting cutoff information indicating that the supply of gas is cut off by the cutoff valve. The gas appliance comprises an appliance communication unit for communicating with the meter communication unit and a combustion disabling unit for switching the gas appliance to a combustion disabled state, if it is in a combustion enabled state, when the cutoff information is received through the appliance communication unit.

Abstract: An intelligent burner control apparatus is provided for controlling the rate of air and fuel flow in a burner system from air and fuel supplies to a burner. The apparatus includes a peer-to-peer communication network including a plurality of network control modules that communicate with each other over the communication network. The apparatus further includes a brain module including one of said network control modules coupled to the communication network, air and fuel flow controllers including one of said network control modules coupled to the communication network, and air and fuel flow regulators including one of said network control modules coupled to the communication network. The brain module is configured to send air and fuel setpoint signals over the communication network to the air and fuel flow controllers.

Abstract: A flare stack with increased control of flow velocity of gases. The flare stack includes a pipe having a flare tip. The flare tip is provided with orifices and a sliding sleeve that opens and closes at least some of the orifices under control of an actuator. The actuator is pressure controlled. Nozzles extend from the orifices, parallel to each other. A central nozzle produces a stabilized flame. The nozzles which are controlled by the sliding sleeve are arranged in rings axially offset from each other along the pipe, so that the sleeve may open or close the nozzles in a ring as desired. The nozzles are symmetrically disposed, and terminate at the same plane, with the nozzles being disposed sufficiently close to each other that gas exiting any nozzle tends to draw in and merge with gas exiting from any adjacent nozzle.

Abstract: A dual pressure gas supply controller system is disclosed which provides apparatus and methods for supplying gas from a gas supply source to one or more gas-burning apparatus requiring two different gas pressure levels. According to the invention, a first gas pressure is supplied the gas-burning apparatus during a first time period, while a second lower gas pressure is supplied to the gas-burning apparatus during a second time period for the purpose of conserving gas. This is accomplished through the use of first and second gas pressure regulators coupled in parallel between the gas supply source and the gas-burning apparatus. A gas pressure control valve is utilized to stop the flow of gas from the first gas pressure regulator and enable the flow of gas from the second gas pressure regulator during the second time period.

Abstract: A device and a method for the controlled reduction of the gas flow Q fed to a burner nozzle of a gas-fired cooking or baking appliance via a gas supply pipe. The gas supply pipe is branched into a number n of partial gas pipes connected in parallel, through which a partial gas flow Q.sub.k with k=1,2,3, . . . ,n can be fed to the burner nozzle in each case, and which have a control unit in each case, the control units each being connected on their gas inlet side to the gas supply pipe and on their gas outlet side to the burner nozzle, and have a switching element for switching on and off the partial gas flow Q.sub.k passing through them and a throttle element for reduction of the partial gas flow Q.sub.k passing through them. The switching elements can be switched on and off according to the selected heating power. Alternatively a number n of throttle elements are connected in series with switching elements connected in parallel.

Abstract: A gas flow rate controller arranged between a gas burner and a flammable gas source and a combustion-assisting gas source includes a gas flow rate setting means for producing a flow rate setting signal corresponding to a preset flow rate of gas flowing toward the gas burner. A ratio setting means produces a flammable gas setting reference signal and a combustion-assisting gas flow rate setting signal at a predetermined ratio, based on the flow rate setting signal produced by the gas flow rate setting means. The flow rate of the flammable gas detected is compared with the flammable gas setting reference signal produced and the flow rate of the combustion-assisting gas detected is compared with the combustion-assisting gas flow rate setting reference signal produced. Control valves are feedback controlled so that any differences therebetween will become zero. Thus the mixing ratio between the gases is kept constant even if the gas pressures change.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection device for burner heating apparatus provided with an air/gas mixture conduit including a Venturi element. This injection device comprises an injector holding tube (14), secured to a valve body (15) divided internally into two chambers by a membrane (23): an idle chamber (24) subjected to the pressure of the gas and communicating with the injector holding tube (14), and a compensation chamber (25) set to atmospheric pressure, enclosing a spring (27) able to urge the membrane (23) toward an idle mode state. This injection device comprises further a rod (31) secured to the membrane (23) and associated with idle mode stop means (34), said rod being extended by a tapered needle (33) arranged to traverse the injector (13) and determine with the latter a cross-section for the idle mode gas outlet, when the pressure of the gas is less than or equal to the idle mode pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a plurality of burners of a cupola. The method includes the steps of separately supplying air and fuel to each burner of the cupola, measuring the flow rates of air and fuel supplied to each burner, controlling either the flow rate of air or flow rate of fuel supplied to each burner as a function of a desired heat energy output of the burners and controlling the other of the flow rate supplied to each burner as a function of the measured flow rate of air or fuel supplied to each burner and a preselected ratio of flow rate of air supplied to each burner and of flow rate of fuel supplied to each burner.

Abstract: A combustion of the present invention has a burner, a combustion fan supplying air to the burner, revolution rate detection means for detecting a revolution rate of the fan, and an air-flow rate sensor for detecting an air-flow rate of the air. The combustion device further has a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature at the combustion device and diagnosis means for performing a self-diagnosis to determine a ventilation condition based on a relationship between the revolution rate and the air-flow rate. The diagnostic means correct the detected revolution rate or the air-flow rate based on the temperature of the combustion device in the process of performing the self-diagnosis. The diagnosis means perform the self-diagnosis after a predetermined time has passed until there is no temperature variance in the combustion device since a combustion halts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for relighting a gas oven following interruption in the operation thereof due to a temporary failure or reduction in the energy level of a source of electric energy comprises instantaneously disconnecting the delivery of pressurized gas to the oven in response to a reduction in the level of the electric energy, slowly reducing the pressure of gas in the delivery system, monitoring the pressure of the gas, and restoring the delivery of fuel to the oven only if the energy supply is restored to a proper level within a short period of time and prior to a predetermined reduction of the gas pressure.

Abstract: The invention concerns an injection and regulation device for burners for heating appliances equipped with a duct (4) for an air/gas mixture and comprising a Venturi element (5). According to the invention, the means of injection include at least two injectors (13, 18) arranged with their injection nozzles staggered longitudinally and oriented so that the axis of their flux converges on the heart of the Venturi element (5). Furthermore, one of the other injectors (13), named first stage, is calibrated so that it gives an injection flow corresponding to a minimum idling rate, and is connected in such a way as to be constantly supplied with gas. In addition, the means of regulation (16) are adapted to modulate the supply to each of the other injectors (18), named second stage, so as to obtain the power required.

Abstract: A fuel control system for use with a source of pressurized fuel includes housing structure defining an inlet, an outlet, a check valve chamber and a regulating valve chamber disposed between the inlet and outlet structures. Check valve structure is disposed in the check valve chamber for preventing liquid fuel from reaching the outlet structure, and control valve structure is disposed in the regulating valve chamber. The control valve structure includes diaphragm structure dividing the regulating valve chamber into a downstream chamber open to atmospheric pressure and an upstream chamber on the opposite side of the diaphragm structure that is in communication with the check valve chamber.

Abstract: A control or regulating system for an automatic heat furnace is disclosed. This control system simplifies the construction of automatic gas furnaces for heating plants. The control system operates the furnaces with a high degree of efficiency and low pollutant emission, even at partial capacity. The adjusting element or mechanism for air is a blower with adjustable rotational speed which is driven by a motor. The motor is controllable by, preferably, digital pulse-width modulated control signals of a control aggregate acted upon by a regulator. A gas valve regulates the pressure of the gas supplied to the burner as a function of the air pressure in the line leading from the blower to the burner.

Abstract: A method of determining thermophysical or thermochemical parameters of a fuel gas is disclosed which has wide application both as to applicable fuels and applicable parameters. A relationship has been discovered that allows the determination of many parameters based on a basic relationship with the characteristic specific heat and thermal conductivity at a reference condition of the fuel gas and the rate of change of these characteristics at the reference conditions.

Abstract: A gas sensor for measuring gas constituents, particularly exhaust gas constituents for an internal combustion engine, comprising a pair of polysilicon plates, each plate supporting a pair of resistors, one serving as a heater and the other as a thermometer, one plate being coated with a catalyst to promote combustion of unburned combustible gas constituents, wherein provision is made for reducing temperature gradients across the plates and for effecting temperature uniformity of the catalyst while maintaining a high degree of structural integrity.