Abstract: An improved attachment for positioning a rotary waterwall combustor within a tire so it rotational axis is fixed and the rotary waterwall combustor, the tire and the attachment linkage are free to expand independently without inducing stresses due to differential thermal expansion; the attachment linkage comprises a plurality of support blocks attached to the rotary waterwall combustor and a plurality of support lugs attached to the tire with a plurality of links pivotally connected to the blocks and lugs with an elongated opening cooperatively associated with one of the pivotal connections to allow pivotal and axial movement and eliminate stresses caused by differential thermal expansion.

Abstract: A refractory sheet member is positioned in a cut-out portion of graphite side and end plates of an aluminum holding and refining vessel to create an effective barrier to the flow of molten aluminum through the channel formed upon the pulling of the plates apart when the vessel is heated to operating temperature.

Abstract: A roof structure has a plurality of layers of heat resistant material, at least a first of the layers including a first brick layer, at least a second of the layers above the first of the layers including a heat resistant compound, and the heat resistant compound being unshaped when initially installed above the first of the layers. A method of forming a roof structure in an opening between side walls of a chamber includes the steps of installing at least one layer of bricks in the opening directly above the chamber, applying at least one layer of a first concrete in an unshaped form in the opening over the at least one layer of the bricks, tamping the at least one layer of the first concrete at at least a first predetermined temperature, and allowing the at least one layer of the first concrete to harden.

Abstract: A floor which comprises a plurality of structural elements (10) of elongated parallelepiped shape with their longitudinal axis disposed horizontally. The structural elements are disposed adjacent to each other to form a flat horizontal structure supported by two opposing vertical walls (23) and 24) of the kiln. Each structural element (10) comprises two internal beams (11) positioned to the axis of the element and a plurality of blocks (12) of thermally insulating material, each being provided with two through holes (13) by which they are mounted along the internal beams (11). The blocks (12) are slidable along the internal beams (11); means also being provided for acting on the ends of the row of said blocks (12) to compress the row in an axial direction, thereby pressing the blocks together. The internal beams (11) are stressed only partially by the weight of the blocks (12), which can therefore have a greater specific gravity or thickness to increase the insulating effect of the floor.

Abstract: A fluidizing gravity conveyor for hot particulate material which includes a heat resistant plate having a plurality of holes for receiving bubble caps or nozzles to disperse air flow from a lower plenum chamber to the upper material chamber. The upper material chamber is suitably lined with heat resistant material. Provisions are made for differential thermal expansion.

Abstract: An oven construction in which an elongated oven assembly is provided by manufacturing a plurality of oven modules at a factory location and then shipping the modules to the usage site where they are assembled together in end-to-end fashion to form the final oven assembly. Each oven module includes an outer shell and an inner shell mounted so as to be spaced apart for insulation therebetween. The shells are interconnected at one point along the length thereof, but are allowed to expand differentially along the remainder of their lengths. The outer shell is rigidly tied to a foundation but the inner shell, through any of various approaches, is allowed to slide or move relative to the foundation everywhere except the one point where it is secured to the outer shell. Each module has a bellows-type expansion joint around the periphery of one end to allow for interconnection of the modules, one to another.

Abstract: A clamping system for preventing detrimental tensile and shearing stresses in heating walls used for example as partitions in industrial furnaces, comprises clamping plates adjoining opposite end faces of a heating wall plate, yoke-shape beams facing each clamping plate and interconnected by cross tie rods, and pressing elements between the beams and the clamping plates. The bias of the pressing elements is adjusted so as to decrease from the center of the clamping plate towards the upper and lower edges of the heating wall plate, the material of respective clamping elements being selected such as to keep the interfering forces within the limits of 5 to 20% of the original clamping forces, the resultants of the clamping forces being directed to the marginal area of each clamping plate, and the roughness in excess of 2.5 millimeters between the clamping plate and the heating wall plate being reliably compensated.

Abstract: The invention concerns the internal structure of a high temperature furnace. That structure includes a dome made of refractory bricks that are capable of withstanding the high temperature within a coal gasification generator. The structure also includes a supporting brick wall under the dome. And, it includes an inner wall made of refractory bricks. The latter is inside of the supporting wall. The inner wall shields the supporting wall from the highest temperature while it is free to expand without being subject to any compressive load from the dome.

Abstract: The region between the outermost firing shaft and the outer wall of a chamber type furnace for baking carbon blocks, in particular anodes for the fused salt electrolytic production of aluminum, comprises essentially at least one layer each of firebricks as the wall of the outermost firing shaft, insulating refractory foamed bricks and moler stone or calcium silicate bricks at the outer wall of the furnace. The layer of insulating, refractory foamed bricks is fixed to the outer wall without room for play. Sealing elements on a projection of the outer wall extending over but at a distance from the insulating layers and on the outermost firing shaft interlock with one another.

Abstract: A rotary drum comprises a hollow cylindrical outer member, a coaxial hub, and a plurality of spokes pivotally connected to the outer member and to the hub, all the spokes being aligned at the same oblique angle to the radius at the respective connections to the hub. Thermal expansion of the outer member relative to the spokes is accommodated by rotation of the outer member relative to the hub and a consequent change in the oblique angle, so minimizing thermally induced stresses in the spokes. The drum may be used in the production of a metal by deposition from the vapor phase onto the outer surface of the drum.

Abstract: An upper furnace portion (A) includes side walls (12, 14) extending along its lower edge. A dimensionally stable furnace hearth (B) is movably mounted adjacent the furnace lower edge and is displaced a small distance from the side walls, such that the hearth is movable without engaging the side walls, yet sufficiently close that relatively little heat tends to pass between the hearth and the side walls. The hearth includes a metal base plate (20) to which a plurality of vertically extending anchoring plates (26) are connected and supported by gussets (30). A plurality of wires (28) are welded to the anchoring plates and extend into peripheral refractory elements (24) which are integrally molded to the wires and the anchoring plates. A plurality of refractory slabs (34) and bricks (36) are supported by the base plate and are disposed within an area defined by the peripheral refractory elements to define a workpiece supporting surface.

Abstract: A slip joint tooling fixture for providing unrestricted growth of material used in an airframe structure when heated under high temperatures. The fixture while allowing the unrestricted growth of the material also maintains the overall configuration and integrity of the structure being built. The fixture further provides for minimum restriction of airflow around the outer surface of the structure during the heating up and cooling down process.

Abstract: A metallurgical vessel having a bottom, a side wall structure defining an opening remote from the bottom, a refractory lining for the interior of the vessel and a unitary metal flange fixed to the vessel and extending around the opening and over the lining, and having an inner periphery directed towards the opening and an outer periphery wherein in order to reduce thermal stresses in the flange there are a plurality of holes in the flange metal spaced from the inner periphery and extending over the refractory lining and distributed circumferentially around the flange whereby heat flow through the flange from its inner periphery to its outer periphery is restricted.

Abstract: This invention relates to high-temperature kilns such as those used for bng ceramic products. It relates more particularly to the design and construction of the roof of such kilns. According to this invention, the roof (1) is flat and is composed of bricks (4) placed side-by-side which are permanently pressed together by resilient means (16) resting against a rigid external structure (12). The roof bricks (4) are provided with narrow notches (5-9). The combined effect of these notches with the lateral thrust from the springs (16) gives rise within the roof (1) to an arcuate orientation of prestressing forces, so that the flat roof (1) offers a mechanical resistance which matches the resistance of an arched vault, without having the drawbacks of a conventional arched structure, in which the inner volume of the arch is practically useless and causes an uneven heat distribution.

Abstract: A blast heating apparatus includes an inner metal shell having therein a refractory lining. An outer metal shell surrounds at least a portion of the inner metal shell and defines therewith a double shell structure. Spacers are positioned between the outer and inner metal shells to define therebetween a gap. At least a portion of such gap is filled with a pourable dry material having a grain size of up to 8 mm and a heat conductivity of at least approximately 1.5 W/Km.

Abstract: A multiple hearth furnace chamber where each arched or conical hearth is independently supported by the outer metal shell. An expansion joint below each hearth allows for vertical movement of the interior refractory wall panels without significant vertical movement of the hearths. The expansion joint comprises an insulating refractory material which absorbs the expansion of the inner refractory (firebrick) wall panels without significant permanent deformation.

Abstract: A bell made of opaque fused silica and intended for use in the deposition of polycrystalline silicon is assembled from at least three individual sections. The sections are joined to one another at end flanges with gaskets between the flanges. The lengths of the individual sections are determined by the temperature distribution along the bell in use.

Abstract: A melting furnace of a rigid structure includes a hollow body for receiving a material to be melted, the body comprising bricks joined together. A shell of iron surrounds the brick body so as to restrain a thermal expansion of the brick body during an operation of the furnace. A heating device is mounted around the iron shell for heating it to control the degree of thermal expansion of the iron shell, thereby controlling compressive forces exerted by the iron shell on the brick body when the brick body is thermally expanded during the operation of the furnace.

Abstract: A wall arrangement for a shell type chamber in which the wall is provided with gaps between them enabling expansion when the temperature of the chamber is increasing. The particular arrangement further provides means for preventing inert material packing said gaps which would prevent expansion of the walls. The means for preventing the insert material packing the gaps comprises gas injector means arranged to force gas into the gap.

Abstract: Skids used to support a workpiece in a reheat furnace are adjustably positioned and anchored to resist longitudinal movement of the skids while workpieces are moved therealong. The anchor apparatus includes a rectangular housing, one end of which is attached by an anchor rod to a foundation while the other end has an aperture to pass an anchor rod into the space between the side walls of the housing. An internal bearing wall subdivides the space in the housing into two cavities. A bearing plate on the movable anchor rod in one cavity is forced by a piston and cylinder assembly to move the rod into the housing to thereby adjust the position of a skid to which it is attached. Shim plates are placed in the second cavity within the housing between an internal wall and a bearing flange attached to the movable anchor rod. Other shim plates are inserted between the end wall of the housing and the actuator to maintain an effective range of adjustment by the actuator.

Abstract: An industrial oven for heating products therein of the type having four insulated side walls, an insulated top, and also a bottom which together define an interior heating chamber. Each of the walls has an inner skin and an outer skin spaced apart from one another, and further has insulation material between those skins. A structural steel framework supports and is located between the skins, and the inner skin is of a generally vertically corrugated sheet metal. Means are provided between the skins for holding the insulation material against the inner skin and spaced from the outer skin to thereby provide an air space between the insulating material and the interior surface of the outer skin.

Abstract: The specification describes a wall arrangement for heated chambers in which arrangement the walls are provided with gaps between sections of them enabling expansion of the walls when the temperature of the chamber is increasing. The particular arrangement further provides means for preventing inert material packing said gaps so as to prevent expansion of the walls. The invention is of particular use with wall arrangements housing fluidized beds in which the inert particulate material forming the bed may enter the gap between the wall sections. As described the means for preventing the inert material packing the gaps comprises gas injector means arranged to force gas into each gap and thereby keep any inert particulate material that may enter the gap in a fluidized state.

Abstract: A heat treating basket for receiving objects that are subjected to a heat treatment which comprises a bottom grating (10) the rim of which carries vertical struts (15) projecting in the upwardly direction. The upper ends of the struts are connected by a frame (16). In order to avoid breaks due to different thermal expansions of the bottom grating (10) and the frame (16) the horizontal struts (11,12) of the bottom grating (10) that are positioned in the vicinity of the corners of the heat treating basket are connected with the lower rim (14) of the bottom grating (10) by coupling members (21) which permit a lateral clearance.

Abstract: Hot gas is used to dry the paper on a rotatable drum. A plurality of spokes interconnect a rotatable shaft and the drum. The hot gas flows within the drum and directly contacts the spokes. The spokes extend tangentially from the shaft to the drum.

Abstract: A rotary kiln (1) having a plurality of cooler tubes (2) arranged in a planetary fashion therearound. The cooler tubes (2) rest in saddles in a ring-shaped member (3) surrounding the rotary kiln and are retained in the saddles by caps (4) with clearance so as to permit axial movement and radial heat expansion of the cooler tubes (2). The ring-shaped member (3) is attached to the kiln (1) by a plurality of ring support members having a first flange (6) attached to inner surface portions of the ring-shaped member, a second flange (5) attached to outer surface portions of the kiln (1) and an intermediate web member (7) having a substantially frusto-conical surface and connecting the first flange (6) and the second flange (5). Preferably, the first flange (6) and web member (7) have slots (8) extending axially of the kiln across their entire lengths. The slots (8) can extend axially of the kiln across the second flange (5) as well.

Abstract: Individual suspension of satellite cooling tubes with the aid of wire cables in the region of the discharge end of a revolving tubular kiln in two support locations spaced apart on the axial direction. Each suspension unit comprises a number of suspension elements selectable according to the operative requirements. These elements preferably include three pretensioned wire cables anchored to suitable retaining elements secured to the kiln casing. In a preferred embodiment, the wire cables are arranged so that two of them exert upon the associated cooling tube a tractive force, the resultant of which is oriented towards the kiln axis, whereas the third wire cable, which is anchored by at least one resilient element, applies to the cooling tube a force directed in opposition to the resultant and of equal value.

Abstract: An inner cylindrical shell assembly includes a metal cylinder with the wall thereof divided along at least one but typically a plurality of longitudinal parting lines. A stress compensator tube extends along each parting line and is welded to the edge surfaces of the metal cylinder. An inner stratum of solid corundum bricks overlies an outer stratum of corundum bricks which has internal spherical hollows. These strata of bricks are retained under stress within the inner cylindrical shell assembly. This assembly is received within an outer cylindrical metal shell and annular members are disposed within an annular space between the shells with a felt mat disposed between the annular members and the inner cylindrical shell.

Abstract: A high temperature industrial furnace comprising a clean interior face of a metal furnace casing, a corrosion inhibitor/adhesive, and a ceramic fiber insulation module attached to the casing with the adhesive to provide an elastic or flexible bond between the casing and the insulation material is disclosed. The corrosion inhibitor/adhesive may be applied over a relatively large surface area of the casing to provide a vapor impervious membrane. A silicone compound is a preferred corrosion inhibitor/adhesive material.

Abstract: Improved construction for bushings used to produce glass fibers is provided. Such bushings commonly have thin side and end walls of precious metal defining a glass-melting chamber, with a bottom in which fiber-forming tips are located. Refractory material is located around the side and end walls. When the bushings are heated to operating temperatures, the metal walls tend to expand more than the refractory material and, particularly with larger bushings, the walls can buckle and crack since full expansion of the walls is prevented by the refractory material. To overcome this, it has been found that the bushings can be constructed with space between the metal walls and the refractory, with the space equalling the difference in expansion of the two materials. The space is formed by layers of heat-removable material, such as wax which melts out as the bushings are heated.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for conveying articles on an elongated rail formed with a plurality of ports therein, which are disposed in communication with a plenum connected to a supply of pressurized fluid for discharge through said ports for supporting and conveying an article along said rail on a cushion of fluid. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, each of the ports incorporates an apertured disc incorporating deflection means thereon for controlling the quantity and fluid flow pattern discharged from each port. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus is of a modular construction comprising individual sections, each comprising a rail enclosed within a housing including duct work for recovering a controlled proportion of the fluid discharged from the rail and effecting a recirculation thereof through the fluid supply means for reuse.

Abstract: The gas-on pipe is supported independently of the firing hood to provide for a greater length of the gas-on pipe thereby reducing the deflection stress in the gas-on pipe to acceptable values; adjustments to the end of the gas-on pipe is facilitated during kiln operation to obtain low stress values; the location of the end of the gas-on pipe is not affected by thermal expansion of the firing hood; and cooling process air leakage into the firing hood which causes overheating or process complications is eliminated.

Abstract: The ends of refractory-lined rotary kilns are often subjected to such intense heat flux that the steel shell of the kiln at either or both ends is subjected to substantial thermal expansion in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions, resulting in premature cracking and failure of the refractory. The present apparatus is a rotary kiln wherein either or both ends of the steel shell thereof are provided with a plurality of substantially longitudinal slots which accommodate circumferential expansion and the refractory is affixed to the steel shell at such end(s) with sliding anchors to accommodate longitudinal expansion.

Abstract: A kiln roof which is formed of a plurality of concrete panels slightly spaced to allow for expansion, each panel being suspended by suspension devices having anchors embedded in the panel, the roof being produced by casting in situ a refractory concrete and producing the separate panels by means of partitioning or inducing cracking.

Abstract: A rotary kiln has a multiplicity of uniformly spaced satellite cooler tubes mounted on its casing by an annular support having flexibly interconnected inner and outer zones.

Abstract: A flat self-supporting vault for tunnel-type furnaces, particularly for baking bricks and tiles is made of mutually interconnected beams bearing at both ends on the side walls of the furnace disposed transversely to the tunnel length. Each beam is made of a number of longitudinally aligned refractory segments, also interconnected, preferably by expansion joints. Each segment is formed by casting around an inner longitudinal metal core at least long as a single beam. Each metal core, such as an I-beam of two C-beams, has an external sheath of thermo-insulating material and defines with this sheath a continuous linear passage for a cooling fluid flowing in a cooling system connected to both ends of each metal core.

Abstract: A housing for a travelling hearth has longitudinally spaced vertical columns which support a plurality of horizontal beams and housing sheets. Some of the beams are subjected to higher temperature loading than are others. Those beams that are subjected to lower temperature loading are fixed to each column whereas those that are subjected to higher temperature loading are fixed only to every second column and are slidably connected to the intermediate columns.