Abstract: A radiant heat tube (5) comprises a tube body having a center section (6) and at least one recirculating section (7, 8) arranged next to the center section, said recirculating section forming a loop (9, 10) with said center section. A pivot joint bearing (23) is arranged on one end (12) of the radiant heat tube, while a sliding bearing (15) is arranged on the other end (11) of the radiant heat tube, said sliding bearing (15) being arranged opposite said pivot joint bearing (23). A burner (14) is disposed to heat the radiant heat tube (5).

Abstract: In a sliding device, a first base member and a second base member are slid relative to each other. A hard carbon film is disposed on at least one of a first surface of the first base member and a second surface of the second base member opposed to the first surface of the first base member. Further, an intermediate layer is disposed between the hard carbon film and the one of the first surface of the first base member and the second surface of the second base member. The intermediate layer is made of a compound containing silicon and oxygen.

Abstract: An intermittent flames, heated bed type furnace and a method for heating steel plate. The furnace and method for heating solve problems inherent in conventional furnaces, namely, consuming too much energy, having low efficiency, and providing a heat which is unstable and non-uniform in quality. The invention includes a modified furnace with a special heated bed, the furnace having a wide or square body to replace the conventional rectangular type of furnace, thus enlarging its loading volume. To improve product quality, a combined or continuous operational heating sequence is substituted for the conventional intermittent or batch heating mode, thus raising labor productivity. The overall effectiveness obtained by this invention has increased from 1 to 3 times the productivity of a conventional intermittent flame furnace, while decreasing energy consumption by 30 to 70 percent. Deflection of the size of the steel plate or end is only a fraction of that specified in conventional standards.

Abstract: The hearth of the furnace is indexed in such a manner that successive workpieces in a loading position are loaded in non-adjacent stations of the hearth during one revolution and are loaded in intervening stations during one or more subsequent revolutions. The method of loading and indexing the hearth enables a uniform temperature distribution to be more easily maintained in the furnace and provides flexibility in locating an unloading position relative to the loading position.

Abstract: An automatic control system for a continuous ring furnace, wherein the chambers and groups of chambers are operated successively in different phases of the baking cycle; the condition of certain chambers being monitored to obtain signals representing actual parameters and the signals being fed to a computer for comparison to optimum values and correction of any observed deviations therefrom.

Abstract: A heating method of operating a furnace in a hot rolling line and a heating furnace therefor in which the reheating furnace is positioned between a continuous casting apparatus and a rolling apparatus rolling workpieces at a higher speed than they are cast by the casting process, the furnace serving as a heating and buffer zone. The reheating furnace includes at least three moving beams each having an independent driving mechanism, and coupling mechanisms which couple the neighboring moving beams for independent or synchronous movement, while the moving beams are so arranged that, by operating the driving mechanism, they are altered in their speeds to the discharging speed of the workpieces from the continuous casting process, or one or two of the moving beams are brought into idling state or driven at the rolling speed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heating furnace for steel ingots, particularly a soaking pit for steel ingots, which is charged with a basic fuel quantity for heating the ingots to rolling temperature. The surface temperature of the ingots and thermal data of the furnace are measured and heat balances are established. From the resulting furnace balance temperatures, together with the surface temperature of the ingots, an estimated value for the center temperature of the ingots is determined in an estimating device. The estimated ingot center temperature and the ingot surface temperature as actual temperatures are compared with predetermined ingot core and surface temperatures as nominal temperatures. The resulting difference is used to correct the basic fuel quantity fed to the furnace. The surface temperature of each individual ingot in a furnace may be measured.

Abstract: The method for heating the furnace chamber produces high momentum levels during the heat treating cycle so as to obtain substantially uniform temperature throughout the charge. The method includes initially firing a plurality of high velocity burners at substantially maximum fuel input and in substantially stoichiometric ratio. Thereafter, the fuel input is reduced while maintaining the stoichiometric ratio at least during the high input portion of the cycle. Excess air is introduced external of the combustion zones of the burners on a predetermined signal such as a given fuel input reduction to maintain the desired momentum level within the furnace. The apparatus comprises a high velocity burner having associated therewith an excess air unit for discharging excess air external of the combustion chamber or port block of the burner.